..續本文上一頁d to suffering, I declare.[86]

　　"There are, monks, tainted failures (in living)[87] caused by unwholesome volition, which are productive of suffering, resulting in suffering. These tainted failures are threefold in bodily acts, fourfold in verbal acts and threefold in mental acts.

　　"How are these tainted failures (in living) caused by unwholesome volition... threefold in bodily acts

　　"There is a person who takes the life of living beings; he is cruel and his hands are blood-stained; he is bent on slaying and murdering, having no compassion for any living being.

　　"He takes what is not given to him, appropriates with thievish intention the property of others in village and forest.

　　"He conducts himself wrongly in matters of sex: he has intercourse with those under the protection of father, mother, brother, sister, relatives or clan, or of their religious community[88]; or with those promised to a husband,[89] publicly betrothed,[90] and lastly those betrothed with a garland.[91]

　　"In this way, tainted failure (in living)... is threefold in bodily acts.

　　"And how is tainted failure (in living)... fourfold in verbal acts

　　"There is one who is a liar. When he is in the council of his community or in another assembly, or among his relatives, his guild, before the royal family, or has been summoned as a witness and is asked to tell what he knows, then, though he does not know, he will say ”I know”; though he does know, he will say ”I do not know”; though not having seen, he will say ”I have seen”; and though having seen, he will say ”I have not seen.” In that way he utters deliberate lies, be it for his own sake, for the sake of others, or for some material advantage.

　　"He is a tale-bearer: what he hears here, he reports elsewhere, for causing friction there; and what he hears elsewhere, he reports here, for causing friction here. Thus he creates discord among those united, and he incites still more those who are in discord. He is fond of dissension, he delights and rejoices in it, and he utters words that cause dissension.

　　"He speaks harshly, using speech that is coarse, rough, bitter and abusive, that makes others angry and causes distraction of mind. It is such speech that he utters.

　　"He indulges in vain talk: he speaks what is untimely, unreasonable and unprofitable, having no connection with Dhamma or Discipline. His talk is not worth treasuring, it is inopportune, inadvisable, unrestrained and harmful.

　　"In this way, tainted failure (in living)... is fourfold in verbal acts.

　　"And how is tainted failure (in living)... threefold in mental acts

　　"There is a person who is covetous; he covets the wealth and property of others, thinking: ”Oh, that what he owns might belong to me!”

　　"There is also one who has ill-will in his heart. He has depraved thoughts, such as these: ”Let these beings be slain! Let them be killed and destroyed! May they perish and cease to exist!”

　　"He has wrong views and perverted ideas, such as these: ”There is no (moral value in a) gift, offering or sacrifice; there is no fruit or recompense from deeds good or evil; there is neither this world nor another world[92]; there are no (duties towards) mother and father; there are no spontaneously mind-born beings; and there are no recluses and brahmans in this world, living and conducting themselves rightly, who can explain this world and the world beyond, having realized them by their own direct knowledge.”

　　"In this way, tainted failure (in living), which is caused by unwholesome volition and is productive of suffering, resulting in suffering, is threefold in mental acts.

　　"As to that tainted failure (in living), which is threefold in bodily acts, fourfold in verbal acts and threefold in mental acts, and which, having been caused by unwholesome volition, produce…

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