(１２)我們以另一個角度來看：

　　“怎樣可以看出凡夫和真正佛弟子的心境有何高低之別？”

　　12) Next the question,

　　12) “How do the minds of an ordinary lay person and a true Buddhist differ

　　”

　　現在我們要注意的這個重點，將會在凡夫和真正佛弟子[譯注一]的心境有別方面，給我們一些看法。凡夫是指從來沒有成爲完全的佛弟子，且對真正的佛教一無所知的人。凡夫依循父母的信仰而成爲佛教徒，充其量只是符合記錄與注冊的“名字佛教徒”而已。這表示他一直是個凡夫。

　　現在，要成爲真正的佛弟子、聖人(ariyan)，就必須對身旁種種事物具足正見，那種高度的知見遠超過凡夫所擁有的。

　　NOW WE SHALL look at a point which will give some idea of the difference in level between the mind of an ordinary lay person and the mind of a true Buddhist. “Ordinary lay person” means one who has never been a proper Buddhist and knows nothing of real and genuine Buddhism. An ordinary lay person is a Buddhist at most by name, only according to the records and according to the register, through having been born of parents who were Buddhists. This means he is still an ordinary lay person. Now, to be a “true Buddhist”, to be an ariyan (one well advanced in practice, a noble one) a person must meet the requirement of having right understanding about the various things around him to a far higher degree than the ordinary lay person has.

　　佛陀幽默地說：“聖人和凡夫的看法有很大的不同”(泰本巴利藏第２１冊，５４７頁)。例如在聖人的眼中或在聖戒裏，唱歌與哭泣是同樣的事，跳舞是瘋子滑稽的動作 ，開懷地笑是未成年兒童的行爲(泰本巴利藏第２１冊，５４７頁)[譯注二]。

　　凡夫嘻嘻哈哈自得其樂唱歌、歡笑，不會覺得疲倦，但在聖戒中，唱歌被視同哭泣。假如我們見到一個人聲嘶力竭地唱歌、喊叫，在聖人的眼中看起來不僅與哭泣相同，它與哭泣更是出自相同的情緒。

　　至于跳舞，更是瘋子的行爲。當我們起舞時，如果稍加留意，我們必定至少有百分之十五[譯注叁]的瘋狂，否則就不會去做它，但我們不會以爲那是瘋子的行爲，因爲一般人都認爲它是快樂的事。

　　有些人喜歡笑[譯注四]，笑是快樂的，即使沒有理由或適當時機，人還是常常笑。但在聖戒中，笑被認爲是未成年兒童的行爲，所以假如我們能笑得少一點，將會是一件好事，若完全不笑，那就更好了。

　　The Buddha said humorously, “Between the view of the ariyan and the view of ordinary lay people there is an enormous difference.” Thus, in the view of the ariyans, in the ariyan discipline, singing songs is the same thing as weeping; dancing is the antics of madmen; and hearty laughing is the behaviour of immature children. The ordinary lay person sings, laughs, and enjoys himself without noticing when he is weary. In the discipline of the ariyans, singing is looked upon as being the same as weeping. If we observe a man who sings and shouts at the top of his voice, it not only looks the same as weeping, but, furthermore, it stems from the same emotional conditions as does weeping. As for dancing, this is the behaviour of madmen! If we are just a little observant, we will realize as we are getting up to dance, that we must surely be at least ten percent crazy or else we couldn”t do it. But because it is universally considered something pleasant, we don”t see it as the behaviour of lunatics. Some people like to laugh; laughter is something enjoyable. people laugh a lot, even when it is not reasonable or appropriate. But laughing is regarded by the ariyan, and in their discipline, as the behaviour of immature children. So if we could laugh less, it would be a good thing, and not to laugh at all would be even better.

　　這例證顯示聖戒不同于凡夫的習俗，依照凡夫的習俗，唱歌、跳舞、歡笑，沒什麼大不了，且稀松平常；而在聖戒裏，則被視爲可憐的行爲，且與前面的評斷相同。有這種觀點的人，心境是高超的。

　　These are illustrations of the way in which the ariyan discipline differs from the traditions of ordinary lay people. According to the traditions of ordinary people, singing, dancing, and laughing are of no consequence and are normal events, while in the ariyan discipline they are looked upon as pathetic and evaluated accordingly. Such is the view of one whose mind is highly developed.

　　佛陀並沒有禁止我們去做上述的事情，只是要我們認識到行爲的表現方式有高或低的層次，因此不需去做不必要的事。當我們還不是聖人時，可能會想要嘗試較低的行爲方式，但假如真的去嘗試，我們將會明了：它偶爾使人快樂，但是到最後，我們會厭倦它。于是，我們可以自我提升到符合聖戒的聖人境界。

　　The Buddha is not saying, do not do such things when we want to, but only wants us to know that there are higher and lower ways to behave, and that we need not do unnecessary things. When we are not yet ariyans, we may want to try out such lower forms of behaviour. If we do give them a try, we will realize that they are sometimes amusing, but in the end we”ll get tired of them. Then we can raise ourselves to the level and discipline of the ariyans.

　　有些人不喜歡聽到戒律，他們擔心那會約束自己並導致痛苦。無論如何，嘗試控製自己不要隨著情緒走，在佛教中是個很重要的原則。調伏身心，使它們不會隨著情緒走，那並不是受苦，反之，它是克服苦的方法。我們必須找到一些方法以避免遭受自私或煩惱的壓迫，安住自己的心，不許煩惱引誘我們、主宰我們。當跳舞時，注意觀察有多少煩惱刺激、主宰我們，使我們在它們的控製之下，這是解脫自在嗎？

　　order not to follow one”s moods is an important principle in Buddhism. To hold down the body and mind so that they don”t follow such moods is not dukkha. Rather, this is the way to defeat dukkha. We must find means to avoid falling under the oppression of selfish feelings or defilements. We should set our minds to not allowing the defilements to incite and master us. Take a look at dancing and see how much the defilements goad us and master us and have us in their control. Is this freedom

　　以上的討論，多少引發我們想到應該提升自己的地位，不要永遠只當凡夫，自願加入聖人的行列，就能擁有智慧，痛苦自然少。避免給自己製造無謂的困擾，也不要做徒勞無益的事，你將獲得如下的成果：從凡夫的階層提升爲真正的佛弟子，安住于聖戒之中。佛陀希望有更多人成爲聖人，別永遠只是凡夫俗子。

　　Some people don”t like to hear about “discipline”. They worry that restraining themselves might lead to dukkha. However, trying to control oneself in

　　It then occurs to us that we ought to improve our status somewhat. Don”t be an ordinary lay person forever! Apply for admission into the society of the Buddha, that is, have knowledge, intelligence, awareness, and understanding, so that suffering may be diminished. Avoid making things unnecessarily hard and fruitless for yourself. This is the reward you will reap; you will rise from the level of the ordinary lay person to become a true Buddhist, an ariyan dwelling in the ariyan discipline. The Buddha hoped there would come to be many ariyans, many who would not remain ordinary worldlings forever.

　　[譯注一]真正的佛弟子意指聖人。

　　[譯注二]四分律卷五十八：“於聖法律中，歌戲猶如哭，舞如狂者，戲笑似小兒。”(《大正藏》第２２冊，９９８頁)

　　[譯注叁]此據泰文版。

　　[譯注四]此處所談的笑是指放逸的笑。

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