..續本文上一頁ndesirable things happen, desirable things do not happen. There is separation from dear ones and association with unpleasant ones. This is the apparent reality: one feels that one has become miserable because of these undesirable incidents.

　　But the truth is that the real cause of one”s suffering is within and not the result of any external event. So the root cause of suffering has to be uprooted. Only then will one gain true liberation from suffering. So one has to go to the root and understand the real cause of suffering.

　　It became clear that one becomes miserable if one”s desires, cravings, longings are not fulfilled. Further, whatever one has obtained, one worries about how to keep it secure. If it is lost, one becomes miserable. Until the cause of suffering is completely uprooted, one is not free from misery.

　　Witnessing the truth at the experiential level, one understands that whenever any defilement arises in the mind, misery arises along with that defilement. The defilement and misery arise together. It is impossible for a mental defilement to arise without being accompanied by misery; misery is certain to arise. Understanding this truth at the experiential level, one has to ensure that defilements do not arise at all. When there is no defilement, there is no misery.

　　Therefore, the second Noble Truth also consists of three parts: first, taṇhā - craving is the cause of suffering. Second, pahātabbaṃ - understanding that this cause of suffering should be destroyed. Third, pahīnaṃ - the cause of suffering has been destroyed at the root. If all these three aspects are accomplished, the second Noble Truth is fulfilled.

　　The Third Noble Truth

　　The complete cessation of suffering so that it cannot arise again. The first aspect of the third Noble Truth: dukkhā-nirodhā - the eradication of suffering. Secondly, sacchikātabbaṃ - one understands that one has to directly experience the eradication of suffering. Merely accepting the fact that there is a stage free from misery, a stage which is beyond mind and matter, does not help. One has to witness it. Thirdly, sacchikataṃ - one directly experiences that suffering has been eradicated and cannot arise again. When these three parts are accomplished, the third Noble Truth is accomplished.

　　The Fourth Noble Truth

　　What is the way to eradicate all suffering

　　 Merely wishing is not enough, one has to exert effort. First, dukkhā-nirodhā-gāminī paṭipadā - the path to eradicate all suffering. Secondly, bhāvetabbaṃ - intellectual understanding that every part of the Noble Eightfold Path has to be understood at the experiential level. Thirdly, bhāvitaṃ - one experiences every part of this Noble Eightfold Path; one develops it to the fullest extent.

　　Thus, when each Noble Truth was fulfilled in three ways and the four Noble Truths were fulfilled in twelve ways, Siddhattha attained perfect enlightenment. He accepted the truth not merely at the intellectual or devotional level but directly experienced it. Only then did he announce I am a Buddha, I am liberated. Anyone who wants to become liberated has to accomplish the three parts of each of these four Noble Truths.

　　Imesu catūsu ariyasaccesu evaṃ tiparivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ yathā-bhūtaṃ ñāṇa-dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ ahosi.

　　By practising these Four Noble Truths, each in these three aspects, my yathā-bhūtaṃ ñāṇa-dassanaṃ became pure.

　　What is yathā-bhūtaṃ ñāṇa-dassanaṃ

　　 Yathā-bhūtā means whatever is happening now, at this moment. The reality of every Noble Truth; the reality of the First Noble Truth-dukkha-at this moment one is experiencing dukkhā. This is dukkhā. One understands yathā-bhūtā - this i…

《The Buddha The Noble Physician》全文未完，請進入下頁繼續閱讀…