..續本文上一頁). The six properties include the above four plus space and cognizance.

　　Dhutanga: Ascetic practices that monks may choose to undertake if and when they see fitting. There are thirteen, and they include, in addition to the practices mentioned in the body of this book, the practice of using only one set of three robes, the practice of not by-passing any donors on one”s alms path, the practice of eating no more than one meal a day, and the practice of living under the open sky.

　　Dukkha: Stress; suffering; pain; distress; discontent.

　　Evam: Thus; in this way. This term is used in Thailand as a formal closing to a sermon.

　　Kamma (karma): Intentional acts that result in becoming and birth.

　　Khandha: Heap; group; aggregate. Physical and mental components of the personality and of sensory experience in general (see rupa, vedana, sañña, sankhara, and viññana).

　　Kilesa: Defilement -- passion, aversion, and delusion in their various forms, which include such things as greed, malevolence, anger, rancor, hypocrisy, arrogance, envy, miserliness, dishonesty, boastfulness, obstinacy, violence, pride, conceit, intoxication, and complacency.

　　Magga: Path. Specifically, the path to the disbanding of stress. The four transcendent paths -- or rather, one path with four levels of refinement -- are the path to stream-entry (entering the stream to nibbana, which ensures that one will be reborn at most only seven more times), the path to once-returning, the path to non-returning, and the path to arahantship.

　　Majjhima: Middle; appropriate; just right.

　　Nibbana (nirvana): Liberation; the unbinding of the mind from mental effluents, defilements, and the fetters that bind it to the round of rebirth (see asava, kilesa, and sanyojana). As this term is used to refer also to the extinguishing of fire, it carries the connotations of stilling, cooling, and peace. (According to the physics taught at the time of the Buddha, a burning fire seizes or adheres to its fuel; when extinguished, it is unbound.)

　　Nirodha: Cessation; disbanding; stopping.

　　Pañña: Discernment; insight; wisdom; intelligence; common sense; ingenuity.

　　Phala: Fruition. Specifically, the fruition of any of the four transcendent paths (see magga).

　　Rupa: Body; physical phenomenon; sense datum.

　　Sabhava dhamma: Condition of nature; any phenomenon, event, property, or quality as experienced directly in and of itself.

　　Sakidagami: Once-returner. A person who has abandoned the first three of the fetters that bind the mind to the cycle of rebirth (see sanyojana), has weakened the fetters of sensual passion and irritation, and who after death is destined to be reborn in this world only once more.

　　Sakya-putta: Son of the Sakyan. An epithet for Buddhist monks, the Buddha having been a native of the Sakyan Republic.

　　Sallekha-dhamma: Topic of effacement (effacing defilement) -- having few wants, being content with what one has, seclusion, uninvolvement in companionship, persistence, virtue, concentration, discernment, release, and the direct knowing and seeing of release.

　　Samadhi: Concentration; the practice of centering the mind in a single sensation or preoccupation.

　　Sammati: Conventional reality; convention; relative truth; anything conjured into being by the mind.

　　Sampajañña: Self-awareness; presence of mind; clear comprehension.

　　Sanditthiko: Self-evident; immediately apparent; visible here and now.

　　Sangha: The community of the Buddha”s disciples. On the conventional level, this refers to the Buddhist monkhood. On the ideal level, it refers to those of the Buddha”s followers, whether lay or ordained, who have attained at least the first of the transcendent paths (see magga) culminating in nibbana.

　　Sañña:…

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