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atta catu gati hate meat path sati agati amata ARHAT atta^ death great satta vatta water ANATTA Arahat atappa eating JATAKA MATTER matter sugati vatthu virati anatta^ created duggati matured patched patigha samatha sassata vipatti vivatta a^yatana anussati atima^na dogmatic fatalism KSATRIYA nibbatti PATIENCE patience sammatta sankhata tathata^ ujukata^ uposatha 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) asankhata attention avya^kata breathing deviation dukkhata^ formation immediate mahaggata micchatta pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha SENSATION SIX PATHS ti ratana aberration aggregates BODHISATTA Bodhisatta foundation generation intimation liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation paramattha patisandhi pattida^na sama^patti si^labbata sota^patti ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA foundations infatuation inoperative kamma patha kamma vatta mana^yatana MIDDLE PATH middle path origination patipannaka patti da^na penetration preparatory realization rúpa^yatana sala^yatana si^vathika^ temperature vavattha^na 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation dispensation dissociation hate natured heat element inclinations intoxicating kammattha^na pakati si^la patisandhika purification RENUNCIATION vatthu ka^ma 叁界(tridhatu) Abbreviations anatta^ va^da attentiveness atthi paccaya concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation deathlessness determination dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta hadaya vatthu investigating investigation kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness material food nimma^na rati pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na satipattha^na tittha^yatana vivatta kappa water element abhibha^yatana asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path greedy natured katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu stupid natured transformation ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava vigata paccaya 二谛(twi-satyas) 叁谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana deluded natured EIGHT NEGATIONS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta natthika ditthi pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA samatha ya^nika sappatigha rúpa SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga tatha^gata bala tranquilisation upasama^nussati 百論(Sata-sastra) 法界(dharmadhatu) 極樂世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA dukkha patipada^ faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations life infatuation mental formation natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS vaci^ vin~n~atti 四谛(catur-satyas) 吳哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nupubbi^ katha^ anatta^nupassana^ cittass’ekaggata^ immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha na^natta san~n~a^ pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava tatramajjhattata^ youth infatuation ahetu patisandhika atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava dha^tu vavattha^na health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ self mortification tatra majjhattata^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH 四大(caturmahabhuta) anabhirati san~n~a^ attha patisambhida^ death consciousness FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS intelligent natured majjhima^ patipada^ RIGHT CONCENTRATION sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA sun~n~ata^ vimokkha TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma 阿底峽(Atisa 982~1054) 六足論(Satpada sastra) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA niyata miccha^ditthi pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ ti hetu patisandhika vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana bhojane mattan~n~uta^ death proximate karma dependent origination dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na pun~n~a kiriya vatthu THREE CLASSIFICATIONS ubhato bha^ga vimutta vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana catu pa^risuddhi si^la FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 楞伽經(Lankavatara-sutra) 緣起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na patinissagga^nupassana^ sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 成實論(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) attainment concentration patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga paranimmita vasavatti deva TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost 常樂我淨(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 菩薩戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯識論(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 達斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 華嚴經(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 叁十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中國佛教協會(The Buddhist Association of China) 大方等大集經(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) 阿彌陀經(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 唯識二十論(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯識叁十頌(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 國際佛教研究協會(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【199】ugghatitan~n~u

  ”one  who  already  during  a  given  explanation  comes  to  penetrate  the  truth”  (Pug.).  This  is  one  of  four  types  of  persons  classified  according  to  their  ability  of  acquiring  insight,  mentioned  in  A.  IV,  133.  Cf.  also  vipacitan~n~u,  neyya,  pada-parama.  See  The  Requisites  of  Enlightenment,  by  Ledi  Sayadaw  (WHEEL  171/174)  p.  1ff.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【200】upapatti bhava

”rebirth-process”;  s.  bhava.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【201】vigata paccaya

”disappearance”,  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.).

中國百科全書 【202】二谛(twi-satyas)

  Erdi

  即真谛和俗谛。又稱第一義谛、世俗谛,或名勝義谛與名言谛。真俗二谛,中觀派的基本思想是緣起性空論,認爲世間出世間萬事萬物,都是由衆多因素相依相持而形成的,是有,稱假有,這就是世俗谛,沒有獨立不變的自性,是空,稱性空,這就是真谛,所以真俗二谛,就是空、有二谛。這是就外在的物境而言。若以主觀認識而論,謂世俗谛是有,這是世間一般人的常識見解;言真谛爲空是二乘聖者特有的超世見解。實際上,說有不住有,談空不落空,空有無礙,才是真俗二谛的正觀。又世俗谛的有,是世間萬事萬物的現象;真谛的空,是世間萬事萬物的本性。緣起才能性空,性空才能緣起,緣起與性空實際是一種事物的兩個方面,相反相成,對立而統一。所以緣起就是性空,性空就是緣起。如《般若經》中說:色即是空,空即是色,不二而二,二而不二。大乘佛教各宗,因爲傳承或立論方法不同,對二谛的解釋也各不相同。有的認爲二谛是理,有的認爲二谛是教。天臺宗認爲二谛或叁谛是真實不虛的谛理,故雲:“叁谛者,天然之性德也。”叁論宗認爲真俗二谛是兩種真實不虛的言教:“二谛者,蓋是言教之通诠,相待之假稱……唯是教門,不關境理。”

中國百科全書 【203】叁谛(tri-satyas)

  Sandi

  即空谛、假谛、中道谛。佛教天臺宗所立的谛理。認爲一切事物都由因緣而生,沒有永恒不變的實體,叫做空谛;一切事物其中雖無永恒不變的實體,卻有如幻如化的相貌,叫做假谛;這些都不出法性,不待造作而有,叫做中道谛。一切事物,皆不出此空、假、中叁谛的範疇,故稱爲叁谛之理。《始終心要》說:“叁谛者,天然之性德也,中谛者統一切法,真谛者泯一切法,假谛者立一切法。”又此叁谛,圓融無礙,一即是叁,叁即是一。如觀空時,無假無中無不空白;觀假時,無空無中無不假;觀中道時,無空無假無不中,名爲圓融叁谛。《中觀論·四谛品》說:“因緣所生法,我說即是空,亦爲是假名,亦是中道義”。此偈被認爲是圓融叁谛的出處。

南傳佛教英文辭典 【204】a^na^pa^na sati

”mindfulness  on  in-and-out-breathing”,  i...
is  one  of  the  most  important  exercises  for  reaching  mental  concentration  and  the  4  absorptions  (jha^na,  q.v.).
In  the  Satipattha^na  Sutta  (M.  10,  D.  22)  and  elsewhere,  4  methods  of  practice  are  given,  which  may  also  serve  as  basis  for  insight  meditation.  The  ”Discourse  on  Mindfulness  of  Breathing”  (a^na^pa^nasati  Sutta,  M.  118)  and  other  texts  have  16  methods  of  practice,  which  divide  into  4  groups  of  four.  The  first  three  apply  to  both  tranquillity  (samatha,  q.v.)  and  insight-meditation,  while  the  fourth  refers  to  pure  insight  practice  only.  The  second  and  the  third  group  require  the  attainment  of  the  absorptions.
"With  attentive  mind  he  breathes  in,  with  attentive  mind  he  breathes  out.
I.  (1)  "When  making  a  long  inhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  long  inhalation”;  when  making  a  long  exhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  long  exhalation.”
(2)  "When  making  a  short  inhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  short  inhalation”;  when  making  a  short  exhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  short  exhalation.”
(3)  "”Clearly  perceiving  the  entire  (breath-)  body  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”clearly  perceiving  the  entire  (breath-)  body  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(4)  "”Calming  this  bodily  function  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”calming  this  bodily  function  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
II.  (5)  "”Feeling  rapture  (pi^ti)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”feeling  rapture  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(6)  "”Feeling  joy  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”feeling  joy  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(7)  "”Feeling  the  mental  formation  (citta-sankha^ra)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself,  ”feeling  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(8)  "”Calming  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”calming  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
III.  (9)  "”Clearly  perceiving  the  mind  (citta)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”clearly  perceiving  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(10)  "”Gladdening  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”gladdening  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(11)  "”Concentrating  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,  thus  he  trains  himself;”concentrating  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out”,  thus  he  trains  himself.
(12)  "”Freeing  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”freeing  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself
IV.  (13)  "”Reflecting  on  impermanence  (anicca)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  impermanence  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(14)  "”Reflecting  on  detachment  (vira^ga)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  detachment  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(15)  "”Reflecting  on  extinction  (nirodha)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  extinction  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(16)  "”Reflecting  on  abandonment  (patinissagga)  I  will  breathe  in,  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  abandonment  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself."
In  M.  118  it  is  further  shown  how  these  16  exercises  bring  about  the  4  foundations  of  mindfulness  (satipattha^na,  q.v.),  namely:  
1-4  contemplation  of  the  body,  
5-8  contemplation  of  feeling,  
9-12  contemplation  of  mind  (consciousness),  
13-16  contemplation  of  mind-objects.
  Then  it  is  shown  how  these  4  foundations  of  mindfulness  bring  about  the  7  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.);  then  these  again  deliverance  of  mind  (ceto-vimutti,  q.v.)  and  deliverance  through  wisdom  (pan~n~a^-vimutti,  q.v.).
Literature:  a^na^pa^nasati  Samyutta  (S.  LIV).  -  
Pts.M.  a^na^pa^nakatha^  -  Full  explanation  of  practice  in  Vis.M.  VIII,  145ff.  -  
For  a  comprehensive  anthology  of  canonical  and  commentarial  texts,  see  Mindfulness  of  Breathing,  n~a^namoli  Thera  (Kandy:  BPS,  1964).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【205】avigata paccaya

”non-disappearance”,  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【206】cakkh’ a^yatana

”the  base  "visual  organ"”  (s.  a^yatana).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【207】deluded natured

  moha-carita;  s.  carita.

英漢對照詞典 【208】EIGHT NEGATIONS

Eight  Negations  ==  八不

The  eight  negations  of  Nagarjuna,  founder  of  Madhyamika,  are  actually  four  pairs  of  neither  birth  nor  death,  neither  end  nor  permanence,  neither  identity  nor  difference,  neither  coming  nor  going.  This  is  one  of  the  important  concepts  of  the  Middle  Way,  the  ultimate  truth  of  Buddhism  and  the  reality  character  of  all  Dharma.

英漢對照詞典 【209】FOUR GREAT VOWS

Four  Great  Vows  ==  四弘誓願

1.Vow  to  take  across  the  numberless  living  beings.
2.Vow  to  cut  off  the  endless  afflictions.
3.Vow  to  study  the  countless  Dharma  doors.
4.Vow  to  realize  the  supreme  Buddha  Way.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【210】gustatory organ

  s.  a^yatana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【211】indriya samatta

  This  term  is  probably  found  for  the  first  time  in  the  Com.,  esp.  Vis.M.  IV.  The  rudiments  of  this  doctrine,  however,  are  already  found  in  the  old  sutta  texts,  e.g.  A.  III,  100.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【212】indriya samatta

”equilibrium,  balance,  or  harmony  of  faculties”,  relates  to  the  5  spiritual  faculties:  faith,  energy,  mindfulness,  concentration  and  wisdom  (s.  indriya  15-19).  Of  these  there  are  two  pairs  of  faculties,  in  each  of  which  both  faculties  should  well  counter-balance  each  other,  namely:  faith  and  wisdom  (saddha^,  pan~n~a^,  q.v.)  on  the  one  hand  and  energy  and  concentration  (viriya,  sama^dhi,  q.v.)  on  the  other.  For  excessive  faith  with  deficient  wisdom  leads  to  blind  belief,  whilst  excessive  wisdom  with  deficient  faith  leads  to  cunning.  In  the  same  way,  great  energy  with  weak  concentration  leads  to  restlessness,  whilst  strong  concentration  with  deficient  energy  leads  to  indolence.  Though  for  both  faculties  in  each  of  the  2  pairs  a  balanced  degree  of  intensity  is  desirable,  mindfulness  should  be  allowed  to  develop  to  the  highest  degree  of  strength.  Cf.  Vis.M.  III-  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【213】natthika ditthi

”nihilistic  view”  (a  doctrine  that  all  values  are  baseless,  that  nothing  is  knowable  or  can  be  communicated,  and  that  life  itself  is  meaningless),  s.  ditthi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【214】pathavi^ dha^tu

”earth-element”.  or  ”solid  element”.  It  is  cognizable  through  the  sensations  of  pressure,  touch,  cold,  heat.  pain,  etc.  -  About  the  4  elements.  s.  dha^tu,  khandha  (I.  A.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【215】pathavi^ kasina

”earth-kasina”  (s.  kasina).

英漢對照詞典 【216】PRATYEKA-BUDDHA

Pratyeka-Buddha  ==  辟支佛

the  second  stage  in  Hinayana,  the  first  or  initial  being  that  of  Sravaka.  He  is  enlightened  to  the  conditions,  i.e.  the  Law  of  Dependent  Origination.  He  seeks  enlightenment  for  himself  and  understands  deeply  Nidanas.  He  attains  his  enlightenment  alone,  independently,  or  a  teacher,  and  with  the  object  of  attaining  Nirvana  and  his  own  salvation  rather  than  that  of  others.

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