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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【235】hearer

  (disciple):  sa^vaka  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【236】iriya^

  patha  (lit.”ways  of  movement”):  ”bodily  postures”,  i.e.  going,  standing,  sitting,  lying.  In  the  Satipattha^na-sutta  (s.  satipattha^na),  they  form  the  subject  of  a  contemplation  and  an  exercise  in  mindfulness.
"While  going,  standing,  sitting  or  lying  down,  the  monk  knows  ”I  go”,  ”I  stand”,  ”I  sit”,  ”I  lie  down”;  he  understands  any  position  of  the  body."  -  "The  disciple  understands  that  there  is  no  living  being,  no  real  ego,  that  goes,  stands,  etc.,  but  that  it  is  by  a  mere  figure  of  speech  that  one  says:  ”I  go”,  ”I  stand”,  and  so  forth."  (Com.).

英漢對照詞典 【237】JATAKA

Jataka  ==  本生經

the  sutra  to  narrate  the  birth  stories  of  Shakyamuni  in  present  life,  past  lives,  and  effects  related  to  the  past  lives  and  the  present  lives.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【238】javana

  The  only  reference  in  the  Sutta  Pitaka  is  Pts.M.  II,  73:  kusalakammassa  javana-khane,  "in  the  impulsion-moment  of  a  wholesome  karma."  In  the  Abhidhamma  Pitaka  it  is  briefly  mentioned  in  the  Pattha^na,  but  without  explanation,  as  if  already  known.  The  teaching  of  the  flashing  forth  of  4  javana  immediately  before  entering  the  jha^na  or  lokuttara-magga,  i.e.  parikamma,  upaca^ra,  anuloma,  gotrabhú  is,  as  such,  without  doubt  a  later  development  in  the  commentarial  literature.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【239】javana

  (fr.  javati,  to  impel):  ”impulsion”,  is  the  phase  of  full  cognition  in  the  cognitive  series,  or  perceptual  process  (citta-vi^thi;  s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca)  occurring  at  its  climax,  if  the  respective  object  is  large  or  distinct.  It  is  at  this  phase  that  karma  is  produced,  i.e.  wholesome  or  unwholesome  volition  concerning  the  perception  that  was  the  object  of  the  previous  stages  of  the  respective  process  of  consciousness.  There  are  normally  7  impulsive  moments.  In  mundane  consciousness  (lokiya,  q.v.),  any  of  the  17  karmically  wholesome  classes  of  consciousness  (Tab.  I,  1-17)  or  of  the  12  unwholesome  ones  (Tab.  I,  22-23)  may  arise  at  the  phase  of  impulsion.  For  the  Arahat,  however,  impulsion  has  no  longer  a  karmic,  i.e.  rebirth-producing  character,  but  is  a  karmically  independent  function  (kiriya,  q.v.;  Tab.  I,  72-89).  There  are  further  8  supermundane  classes  of  impulsion  (Tab.  I,  18-21,  66-69).
The  4  impulsive  moments  immediately  before  entering  an  absorption  (jha^na,  q.v.)  or  one  of  the  supermundane  paths  (magga;  s.  ariyapuggala)  are:  the  preparatory  (parikamma),  approach  (upaca^ra),  adaptation  (anuloma),  and  maturity-moment  (gotrabhú,  q.v.)  In  connection  with  entering  the  earth-kasina  absorption  (s.  kasina),  they  are  explained  as  follows,  in  Vis.M.  IV:  "After  the  breaking  off  of  the  subconscious  stream  of  being  (bhavanga-sota,  q.v.),  there  arises  the  ”advertence  at  the  mind-door”  (manodva^ra^vajjana,  s.  vin~n~a^nakicca),  taking  as  object  the  earthkasina  (whilst  thinking),  ”Earth!  Earth!”  Thereupon,  4  or  5  impulsive  moments  flash  forth,  amongst  which  the  last  one  (maturity-moment)  belongs  to  the  fine-material  sphere  (rúpa^vacara),  whereas  the  rest  belong  to  the  sense-sphere  (ka^ma^vacara;  s.  avacara),  though  the  last  one  is  more  powerful  in  thought  conception,  discursive  thinking,  interest  (rapture),  joy  and  concentration  (cf.  jha^na)  than  the  states  of  consciousness  belonging  to  the  sense-sphere.  They  are  called  ”preparatory”  (parikamma-sama^dhi),  as  they  are  preparing  for  the  attainment-concentration  (appana^-sama^dhi);”approaching”  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi),  as  they  are  close  to  the  attainment-concentration  and  are  moving  in  its  neighbourhood;”adaptive”  (anuloma),  as  they  adapt  themselves  to  the  preceding  preparatory  states  and  to  the  succeeding  attainment  concentration.  The  last  one  of  the  four  is  called  ”matured”  (gotrabhú).  In  a  similar  way,  the  impulsive  moments  before  reaching  the  divine  ear  are  described  in  Vis.M.  XIII,  1.  -  Cf.  Karma  -  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【240】jewels

  The  3:  ti-ratana  (q.v.).

英漢對照詞典 【241】KARUNA

karuna  ==  悲

南傳佛教英文辭典 【242】kasina

  (perhaps  related  to  Sanskrit  krtsna,  ”all,  complete,  whole”),  is  the  name  for  a  purely  external  device  to  produce  and  develop  concentration  of  mind  and  attain  the  4  absorptions  (jha^na  q.v.).  It  consists  in  concentrating  one”s  full  and  undivided  attention  on  one  visible  object  as  preparatory  image  (parikamma-nimitta),  e.g.  a  colored  spot  or  disc,  or  a  piece  of  earth,  or  a  pond  at  some  distance,  etc.,  until  at  last  one  perceives,  even  with  the  eyes  closed,  a  mental  reflex,  the  acquired  image  (uggaha-nimitta).  Now,  while  continuing  to  direct  one”s  attention  to  this  image,  there  may  arise  the  spotless  and  immovable  counter-image  (patibha^ga-nimitta),  and  together  with  it  the  neighbourhood-concentration  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi)  will  have  been  reached.  While  still  persevering  in  the  concentration  on  the  object,  one  finally  will  reach  a  state  of  mind  where  all  sense-activity  is  suspended,  where  there  is  no  more  seeing  and  hearing,  no  more  perception  of  bodily  impression  and  feeling,  i.e.  the  state  of  the  1st  mental  absorption  (jha^na,  q.v.).
The  10  kasinas  mentioned  in  the  Suttas  are:  earth-kasina,  water,  fire,  wind,  blue,  yellow,  red,  white,  space,  and  consciousness."There  are  10  kasina-spheres:  someone  sees  the  earth  kasina,  above,  below,  on  all  sides,  undivided,  unbounded  ....  someone  see  the  water-kasina,  above,  below,  etc."  (M.  77;  D.  33)  Cf.  abhibha^yatan,  bha^vana^;  further  s.  Fund.  IV.
For  space  and  consciousness-kasina  we  find  in  Vis.M.  V  the  names  limited  space-kasina  (paricchinna^ka^sa-kasina;...  s.  App.  )  and  light-kasina  (a^loka-kasina).
For  full  description  see  Vis.M.  IV-V;  also  Atthasa^lini  Tr.  I,  248.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【243】khanti

  ”patience”,  forbearance”,  is  one  of  the  10  perfections  (pa^rami^,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【244】kilesa

  the  10  kilesa  are  probably  for  the  first  time  enumerated  and  explained  in  Dhs.  (§§  1229-1239).  There  they  are,  however,  called  kilesa-vatthu,  which  name  (dasa  kilesa-vatthu)  is  already  mentioned  in  Pts  I,  130,  though  there  they  are  neither  enumerated  nor  explained.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【245】kilesa

  ”defilements”,  are  mind-defiling,  unwholesome  qualities.  Vis.M.  XXII,  49,  65:  "There  are  10  defilements,  thus  called  because  they  are  themselves  defiled,  and  because  they  defile  the  mental  factors  associated  with  them.  They  are:  (1)  greed  (lobha),  (2)  hate  (dosa),  (3)  delusion  (moha),  (4)  conceit  (ma^na),  (5)  speculative  views  (ditthi),  (6)  skeptical  doubt  (vicikiccha^),  (7)  mental  torpor  (thi^na),  (8)  restlessness  (uddhacca);  (9)  shamelessness  (ahirika),  (10)  lack  of  moral  dread  or  unconscientiousness  (anottappa)."  For  1-3,  s.  múla;  4,  s.  ma^na;  5,  s.  ditthi;  6-8,  s.  ni^varana;  9  and  10,  s.  ahirika-anottappa.
The  ten  are  explained  in  Dhs.  1229f  and  enumerated  in  Vibh.  XII.  No  classification  of  the  k.  is  found  in  the  Suttas,  though  the  term  occurs  quite  often  in  them.  For  the  related  term,  upakkilesa  (q.v.;”impurities”)  different  lists  are  given  -  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【246】kiriya

  (kiriya^,  kriya^)  citta  is  a  term  first  used  in  the  Abh.  Canon  (e.g.  Dhs.  §§  566-582).  It  has  an  important  place  in  post-canonical  Abh.  literature,  e.g.  Vis.M.  XIV.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【247】kiriya

  (or  kriya)-citta:  ”functional  consciousness”  or  ”karmically  inoperative  consciousness”,  is  a  name  for  such  states  of  consciousness  as  are  neither  karmically  wholesome  (kusala),  nor  unwholesome  (akusala),  nor  karma-results  (vipa^ka);  that  is,  they  function  independently  of  karma.  Thus  are  also  called  all  those  worldly  mental  states  in  the  Arahat  which  are  accompanied  by  2  or  3  noble  roots  (greedlessness,  hatelessness,  undeludedness),  being  in  the  Arahat  karmically  neutral  and  corresponding  to  the  karmically  wholesome  states  of  a  non-Arahat  (s.  Tab.  1-8  and  73-89),  as  well  as  the  rootless  mirth-producing  (hasituppa^da)  mind-consciousness-element  of  the  Arahat  (Tab.  72);  further,  that  mind-element  (mano-dha^tu)  which  performs  the  function  of  advertence  (a^vajjana)  to  the  sense  object  (Tab.  70),  and  that  mind-consciousness-element  (manovin~n~a^na-dha^tu)  which  performs  the  functions  of  deciding  (votthapana)  and  advertence  to  the  mental  object  (Tab.  71).  The  last-named  2  elements,  of  course,  occur  in  all  beings.
Together  with  karma-resultant  consciousness  (vipa^ka)  it  belongs  to  the  group  of  ”karmically  neutral  consciousness”  (avya^kata).  See  Tab.  I  (last  column).  -  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【248】kusala

  ”karmically  wholesome”  or  ”profitable”,  salutary,  morally  good,  (skillful)  Connotations  of  the  term,  according  to  Com.  (Atthasa^lini),  are:  of  good  health,  blameless,  productive  of  favourable  karma-result,  skillful.  It  should  be  noted  that  Com.  excludes  the  meaning  ”skillful”,  when  the  term  is  applied  to  states  of  consciousness.
It  is  defined  in  M.  9  as  the  10  wholesome  courses  of  action  (s.  kammapatha).  In  psychological  terms,  ”karmically  wholesome”  are  all  those  karmical  volitions  (kamma-cetana^)  and  the  consciousness  and  mental  factors  associated  therewith,  which  are  accompanied  by  2  or  3  wholesome  roots  (s.  múla),  i.e.  by  greedlessness  (alobha)  and  hatelessness  (adosa),  and  in  some  cases  also  by  non-delusion  (amoha:  wisdom,  understanding).  Such  states  of  consciousness  are  regarded  as  ”karmically  wholesome”  as  they  are  causes  of  favourable  karma  results  and  contain  the  seeds  of  a  happy  destiny  or  rebirth.  From  this  explanation,  two  facts  should  be  noted:  (1)  it  is  volition  that  makes  a  state  of  consciousness,  or  an  act,  ”good”  or  ”bad”;  (2)  the  moral  criterion  in  Buddhism  is  the  presence  or  absence  of  the  3  wholesome  or  moral  roots  (s.  múla).
The  above  explanations  refer  to  mundane  (lokiya,  q.v.)  wholesome  consciousness.  Supermundane  wholesome  (lokuttara-kusala)  states,  i.e.  the  four  paths  of  sanctity  (s.  ariyapuggala),  have  as  results  only  the  corresponding  four  fruitions;  they  do  not  constitute  karma,  nor  do  they  lead  to  rebirth,  and  this  applies  also  to  the  good  actions  of  an  Arahat  (Tab.  I,  73-80)  and  his  meditative  states  (Tab.  1,  81-89),  which  are  all  karmically  inoperative  (functional;  s.  kiriya).
Kusala  belongs  to  a  threefold  division  of  all  consciousness,  as  found  in  the  Abhidhamma  (Dhs.),  into  wholesome  (kusala),  unwholesome  (akusala)  and  karmically  neutral  (avya^kata),  which  is  the  first  of  the  triads  (tika)  in  the  Abhidhamma  schedule  (ma^tika^);  s.  Guide,  pp.  4ff.,  12ff;  Vis.M.  XIV,  83ff.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【249】lokiya

  ”mundane”,  are  all  those  states  of  consciousness  and  mental  factors  -  arising  in  the  worldling,  as  well  as  in  the  Noble  One  -  which  are  not  associated  with  the  supermundane  (lokuttara;  s.  the  foll.)  paths  and  fruitions  of  sota^patti,  etc.  See  ariyapuggala,  A.

英漢對照詞典 【250】MANTRA

Mantra  ==  咒

The  Sanskrit  word  is  Dharani,  i.e.  esoteric  incantation.  It  is  a  treatise  with  mystical  meaning,  and  is  regarded  as  every  word  and  deed  of  a  Bodhisattva.  It  is  one  of  the  most  popular  method  of  cultivation  in  Buddhism,  especially  in  Shingon  or  "True  Word"  sect.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【251】marana

  ”death”,  in  ordinary  usage,  means  the  disappearance  of  the  vital  faculty  confined  to  a  single  life-time,  and  therewith  of  the  psycho-physical  life-process  conventionally  called  ”man,  animal,  personality,  ego”,  etc.  Strictly  speaking,  however,  death  is  the  continually  repeated  dissolution  and  vanishing  of  each  momentary  physical-mental  combination,  and  thus  it  takes  place  every  moment.  About  this  momentaneity  of  existence,  it  is  said  in  Vis.M.  VIII:
"In  the  absolute  sense,  beings  have  only  a  very  short  moment  to  live,  life  lasting  as  long  as  a  single  moment  of  consciousness  lasts.  Just  as  a  cart-wheel,  whether  rolling  or  whether  at  a  standstill,  at  all  times  only  rests  on  a  single  point  of  its  periphery,  even  so  the  life  of  a  living  being  lasts  only  for  the  duration  of  a  single  moment  of  consciousness.  As  soon  as  that  moment  ceases,  the  being  also  ceases.  For  it  is  said:  ”The  being  of  the  past  moment  of  consciousness  has  lived,  but  does  not  live  now,  nor  will  it  live  in  future.  The  being  of  the  future  moment  has  not  yet  lived,  nor  does  it  live  now,  but  it  will  live  in  the  future.  The  being  of  the  present  moment  has  not  lived,  it  does  live  just  now,  but  it  will  not  live  in  the  future.”"
In  another  sense,  the  coming  to  an  end  of  the  psycho-physical  life-process  of  the  Arahat,  or  perfectly  Holy  One,  at  the  moment  of  his  passing  away  may  be  called  the  final  and  ultimate  death,  as  up  to  that  moment  the  psycho-physical  life-process  was  still  going  on  from  life  to  life.
Death,  in  the  ordinary  sense,  combined  with  old  age,  forms  the  12th  link  in  the  formula  of  dependent  origination  (paticca-samuppa^da  q.v.).
For  death  as  a  subject  of  meditation,  s.  marana^nussati;  as  a  function  of  consciousness,  s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【252】marvel

  s.  pa^tiha^riya.

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