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atta catu gati hate meat path sati agati amata ARHAT atta^ death great satta vatta water ANATTA Arahat atappa eating JATAKA MATTER matter sugati vatthu virati anatta^ created duggati matured patched patigha samatha sassata vipatti vivatta a^yatana anussati atima^na dogmatic fatalism KSATRIYA nibbatti PATIENCE patience sammatta sankhata tathata^ ujukata^ uposatha 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) asankhata attention avya^kata breathing deviation dukkhata^ formation immediate mahaggata micchatta pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha SENSATION SIX PATHS ti ratana aberration aggregates BODHISATTA Bodhisatta foundation generation intimation liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation paramattha patisandhi pattida^na sama^patti si^labbata sota^patti ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA foundations infatuation inoperative kamma patha kamma vatta mana^yatana MIDDLE PATH middle path origination patipannaka patti da^na penetration preparatory realization rúpa^yatana sala^yatana si^vathika^ temperature vavattha^na 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation dispensation dissociation hate natured heat element inclinations intoxicating kammattha^na pakati si^la patisandhika purification RENUNCIATION vatthu ka^ma 叁界(tridhatu) Abbreviations anatta^ va^da attentiveness atthi paccaya concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation deathlessness determination dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta hadaya vatthu investigating investigation kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness material food nimma^na rati pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na satipattha^na tittha^yatana vivatta kappa water element abhibha^yatana asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path greedy natured katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu stupid natured transformation ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava vigata paccaya 二谛(twi-satyas) 叁谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana deluded natured EIGHT NEGATIONS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta natthika ditthi pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA samatha ya^nika sappatigha rúpa SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga tatha^gata bala tranquilisation upasama^nussati 百論(Sata-sastra) 法界(dharmadhatu) 極樂世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA dukkha patipada^ faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations life infatuation mental formation natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS vaci^ vin~n~atti 四谛(catur-satyas) 吳哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nupubbi^ katha^ anatta^nupassana^ cittass’ekaggata^ immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha na^natta san~n~a^ pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava tatramajjhattata^ youth infatuation ahetu patisandhika atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava dha^tu vavattha^na health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ self mortification tatra majjhattata^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH 四大(caturmahabhuta) anabhirati san~n~a^ attha patisambhida^ death consciousness FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS intelligent natured majjhima^ patipada^ RIGHT CONCENTRATION sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA sun~n~ata^ vimokkha TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma 阿底峽(Atisa 982~1054) 六足論(Satpada sastra) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA niyata miccha^ditthi pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ ti hetu patisandhika vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana bhojane mattan~n~uta^ death proximate karma dependent origination dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na pun~n~a kiriya vatthu THREE CLASSIFICATIONS ubhato bha^ga vimutta vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana catu pa^risuddhi si^la FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 楞伽經(Lankavatara-sutra) 緣起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na patinissagga^nupassana^ sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 成實論(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) attainment concentration patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga paranimmita vasavatti deva TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost 常樂我淨(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 菩薩戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯識論(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 達斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 華嚴經(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 叁十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中國佛教協會(The Buddhist Association of China) 大方等大集經(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) 阿彌陀經(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 唯識二十論(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯識叁十頌(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 國際佛教研究協會(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【235】ka^ya gata^ sati

”mindfulness  with  regard  to  the  body”,  refers  sometimes  (e.g.  Vis.M.  VIII,  2)  only  to  the  contemplation  on  the  32  parts  of  the  body,  sometimes  (e.g.  M.  119)  to  all  the  various  meditations  comprised  under  the  ”contemplation  of  the  body”  (ka^ya^nupassana^),  the  1st  of  the  4  ”foundations  of  mindfulness”  (satipattha^na,  q.v.),  consisting  partly  in  concentration  (sama^dhi)  exercises,  partly  in  insight  (vipassana^)  exercises.  On  the  other  hand,  the  cemetery  meditations  (si^vathika,  q.v.)  mentioned  in  the  Satipattha^na  S.(M.  10)  are  nearly  the  same  as  the  10  contemplations  of  loathsomeness  (asubha-bha^vana^,  q.v.).  of  Vis.M.  VI,  whereas  elsewhere  the  contemplation  on  the  32  parts  of  the  body  is  called  the  ”reflection  on  impurity”  (patikkúla-san~n~a^).
In  such  texts  as:  ”One  thing,  o  monks,  developed  and  repeatedly  practised,  leads  to  the  attainment  of  wisdom.  It  is  the  contemplation  on  the  body”  (A.I),  the  reference  is  to  all  exercises  mentioned  in  the  1st  Satipattha^na.
Vis.M.  VIII,  2  gives  a  detailed  description  and  explanation  of  the  method  of  developing  the  contemplation  on  the  32  parts  of  the  body.  This  exercise  can  produce  the  1st  absorption  only  (jha^na,  q.v.)  The  stereotype  text  given  in  the  Satipattha^na  Sutta  and  elsewhere  -  but  leaving  out  the  brain  -  runs  as  follows:
"And  further,  o  monks,  the  monk  contemplates  this  body  from  the  soles  of  the  feet  upward,  and  from  the  tops  of  the  hairs  downward,  with  skin  stretched  over  it,  and  filled  with  manifold  impurities:  ”This  body  has  hairs  of  the  head,  hairs  of  the  body,  nails,  teeth,  skin,  flesh,  sinews,  bones,  marrow,  kidneys,  heart,  liver,  diaphragm,  spleen,  lungs,  intestines,  bowels,  stomach,  excrement,  bile,  phlegm,  pus,  blood,  sweat,  fat,  tears,  skin  grease,  spittle,  nasal  mucus,  oil  of  the  joints,  and  urine  ...."
Vis.M.  VIII,  2  says  "By  repeating  the  words  of  this  exercise  one  will  become  well  acquainted  with  the  wording,  the  mind  will  not  rush  here  and  there,  the  different  parts  will  become  distinct  and  appear  like  a  row  of  fingers,  or  a  row  of  hedge-poles.  Now,  just  as  one  repeats  the  exercise  in  words,  one  should  do  it  also  in  mind.  The  repeating  in  mind  forms  the  condition  for  the  penetration  of  the  characteristic  marks....  He  who  thus  has  examined  the  parts  of  the  body  as  to  colour,  shape,  region,  locality  and  limits,  and  considers  them  one  by  one,  and  not  too  hurriedly,  as  something  loathsome,  to  such  a  one,  while  contemplating  the  body,  all  these  things  at  the  same  time  are  appearing  distinctly  clear.  But  also  when  keeping  one”s  attention  fixed  outwardly  (i.e.  to  the  bodies  of  other  beings),  and  when  all  the  parts  appear  distinctly,  then  all  men  and  animals  moving  about  lose  the  appearance  of  living  beings  and  appear  like  heaps  of  many  different  things.  And  it  looks  as  if  those  foods  and  drinks,  being  swallowed  by  them,  were  being  inserted  into  this  heap  of  things.  Now,  while  again  and  again  one  is  conceiving  the  idea  ”Disgusting!  Disgusting!”  -  omitting  in  due  course  several  parts  -  gradually  the  attainment  -  concentration  (appana^-sama^dhi,  i.e.  the  concentration  of  the  jha^na)  will  be  reached.  In  this  connection,  the  appearing  of  forms  ...  is  called  the  acquired  image  (uggaha-nimitta),  the  arising  of  loathsomeness,  however,  the  counter-image  (patibha^ganimitta)."

南傳佛教英文辭典 【236】ka^ya vin~n~atti

  s.  vin~n~atti.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【237】karma formations

  sankha^ra,  i.e.  wholesome  or  unwholesome  volitions  (cetana^)  manifested  as  actions  of  body,  speech  or  mind,  form  the  2nd  link  of  the  formula  of  dependent  origination  (paticca-samuppa^da,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【238】life infatuation

  s.  mada.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【239】mental formation

  sankha^ra  (q.v.).  s.  Tab.  II.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【240】natural morality

  pakati-si^la  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【241】nava satta^va^sa

  s.  satta^va^sa.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【242】neyyattha dhamma

  A  ”teaching  the  meaning  of  which  is  implicit,  or  has  to  be  inferred”  as  contrasted  with  a  ”teaching  with  an  explicit  or  evident  meaning”  (ni^tattha-dhamma).  In  A.  I,  60  (PTS)  it  is  said:  "Whoso  declares  a  sutta  with  an  implicit  meaning  as  a  sutta  with  explicit  meaning  (and  conversely),  such  a  one  makes  a  false  statement  with  regard  to  the  Blessed  One."  -  See  paramattha.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【243】ni^tattha dhamma

  A  ”doctrine  with  evident  meaning”,  contrasted  with  a  ”doctrine  with  a  meaning  to  be  inferred”  (neyyattha-dhamma,  q.v.).  See  also  paramattha.

英漢對照詞典 【244】THREE EVIL PATHS

Three  Evil  Paths  ==  叁惡道

They  are  the  three  lowest  realms  of  the  Nine  Realms:  hell,  hungry  ghost  and  animal.(地獄,餓鬼,畜牲)

英漢對照詞典 【245】THREE GOOD PATHS

Three  Good  Paths  ==  叁善道

They  are  Man,  Asura  and  Deva  Paths.(人,阿修羅,天道)

南傳佛教英文辭典 【246】vaci^ vin~n~atti

  s.  vin~n~atti.

中國百科全書 【247】四谛(catur-satyas)

  sidi

  1、苦谛。苦是受逼迫苦惱之意,主要指叁界生死輪回的苦惱。有叁苦、八苦的不同。叁苦,一爲苦苦,指正在受痛苦時的苦惱;二爲壞苦,是享受快樂結束時的苦惱;叁爲行苦,謂不苦不樂時,爲無常變化的自然規律所支配的苦惱,包括生、老、病、死在內。八苦即生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、求不得苦、怨憎會苦、愛別離苦、五陰盛苦。佛教認爲,叁苦、八苦有的是社會原因造成的,有的是自然原因造成的。

  2、集谛。亦名習谛。集是積聚感招之意。說一切衆生,常時以來,由于貪瞋愚癡的行動,造成的善惡行爲的業因,能感招將來的生死苦果。

  3、滅谛。亦名盡谛,爲息滅、滅盡之意,滅盡叁界內之煩惱業因以及生死果報,稱爲滅,也稱了脫生死,從此不再受叁界內的生死苦惱,達到涅槃寂滅境界,即爲解脫。

  4、道谛。道爲通達之意,也是道路的意思。這種道路是達到寂滅解脫的方法和手段;原始佛教認爲道谛是指八正道。以後大、小乘又各有發展。佛教認爲依道谛去修行,就能達到寂滅解脫的滅谛。由此途徑確實可以達到解脫生死的目的。

中國百科全書 【248】吳哥古迹(Angkor Vat)

  柬博寨宗教藝術遺迹的總稱。共400余處,尤以大吳哥王城、吳哥寺、巴壤寺和班疊斯雷寺最爲著名。始建于真臘帝國全盛時期的9世紀末葉。這個帝國興于6世紀,經曆了600年的繁華。初奠都洞裏薩湖畔,9世紀末遷都吳哥。吳哥古迹便是這時期的藝術創造。

  大吳哥王城亦稱“吳哥通”,是當時的都城。位于今暹粒省東部。王城呈正方形,周長達12公裏。石砌城牆高7米,寬亦7米。牆外有濠溝和護城河。城門之上建石塔,塔飾大佛。門外左右排列天神兩列,各高2米,共54尊。城內有寺塔、皇宮等一系列建築群。巴壤寺即爲其中之一。

  巴壤寺是建在城中心的佛寺。寺門東向。始建于12世紀末。叁層方形臺基上,各層有加廓,廓內飾淺浮雕和小石塔。第叁層臺基上所立中心大塔,高45米。周圍繞以16座中型塔和幾十座小塔,構成完整的塔群。大塔上部雕有“濕婆四面神像”,居高臨下,環顧四野,具有神秘玄思的意味,也反映出佛教與印度都的融合。

  吳哥寺,又稱“小吳哥”。位于大吳哥王城南郊。始建于國王蘇裏亞跋摩二世時。平面設計猶如大小四個“口”字相疊套,形成裏外叁層。第一層臺基東西長215米,南北寬180米。有六處入口通向第二層臺基,這層臺基長115米,寬100米,比第一層高出7米。第叁層臺基爲正方形,邊長75米。圓心爲大塔,離地面65米。四隅各有相同形製的一座小塔。第二層臺基四隅亦然。所以吳哥寺共有九塔,今惟存第叁層之五塔。整體設計體現了佛教須彌山世界的思想,成爲宇宙中心之象征。

  班疊斯雷寺裏外繞以叁道圍牆,主體建築爲叁座並列的石塔。叁塔南北向吳一字形,建于同一座臺基上,相間1米。石塔拱門之上的楣石飾有精致的淺浮雕。

  吳哥古迹的雕刻藝術成就極高。吳哥寺各層回廓內側皆飾淺浮雕,覆蓋面長達800多米,內容多關于佛教、印度教兩大史詩《羅摩衍那》和《摩诃婆羅多》的描繪,也穿插許多世俗生活場景。畫面層次分明,裝飾效果極強。其圓雕作品以“吳哥式微笑”的風格著稱。

  13世紀末,真臘帝國又遷新都。吳哥王城的繁華逐漸被埋在熱帶叢林之中。直到19世紀葉葉才能發現。(羅照輝)

南傳佛教英文辭典 【249】a^nupubbi^ katha^

”gradual  instruction”,  progressive  sermon;  given  by  the  Buddha  when  it  was  necessary  to  prepare  first  the  listener”s  mind  before  speaking  to  him  on  the  advanced  teaching  of  the  Four  Noble  Truths.  The  stock  passage  (e.g.  D.  3;  D  14;  M.  56)  runs  as  follows:
"Then  the  Blessed  One  gave  him  a  gradual  instruction  -  that  is  to  say,  he  spoke  on  liberality  (”giving”,  da^na,  q.v.),  on  moral  conduct  (si^la)  and  on  the  heaven  (sagga);  he  explained  the  peril,  the  vanity  and  the  depravity  of  sensual  pleasures,  and  the  advantage
of  renunciation.  When  the  Blessed  One  perceived  that  the  listener”s  mind  was  prepared,  pliant,  free  from  obstacles,  elevated  and  lucid;  then  he  explained  to  him  that  exalted  teaching  particular  to  the  Buddhas  (buddha^nam  sa^mukkamsika^  desana^),  that  is:  suffering,  its  cause,  its  ceasing,  and  the  path."

南傳佛教英文辭典 【250】anatta^nupassana^

  ”contemplation  of  not-self”  is  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (s.  vipassana^).  See  also  above.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【251】cittass’ekaggata^

  ”one-pointedness  of  mind”,  is  a  synonym  of  concentration,  or  sama^dhi  (q.v.)

南傳佛教英文辭典 【252】immaterial sphere

  arúpa^vacara:  cf.  avacara,  jha^na  (5-8);  Tab.  I.

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