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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【289】upadhi

  ”substratum  of  existence”.  In  the  Com.  there  are  enumerated  4  kinds:  the  5  groups  (khandha,  q.v.),  sensuous  desire  (ka^ma),  mental  defilements  (kilesa,  q.v.),  karma  (q.v.).  In  the  suttas  it  occurs  frequently  in  Sn.  (vv.  33,  364,  546,  728),  and,  with  reference  to  Nibba^na,  in  the  phrase  "the  abandoning  of  all  substrata"  (sabbúpadhi-patinissagga;  D.  14).  See  viveka  (3).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【290】usages

  the  4  noble:  ariya-vamsa  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【291】va^ca^

  ”speech”.  On  right  sp.,  s.  magga  (3),  sacca  (IV.3).  -  Low  talk,  s.  tiraccha^na-katha^.

英漢對照詞典 【292】VAISYA

Vaisya  ==  吠舍

the  third  of  the  four  Indian  Castes  at  the  time  of  Shakyamuni.  They  were  merchant,  entrepreneurs,  traders,  farmers,  manufacturers,  etc.,  but  not  well-educated.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【293】vatthu

  ”physical  base”,  i.e.  the  6  physical  organs  on  which  the  mental  process  is  based,  are  the  5  physical  sense-organs  and,  according  to  the  Com.,  the  heart  (hadaya-vatthu,  q.v.)  as  the  6th.  This  6th  vatthu  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  6th  a^yatana,  which  is  a  collective  name  for  all  consciousness  whatever.  -  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【294】vatthu

  as  a  general  term  for  the  5  sense-organs  (cakkhu-vatthu,  etc  )  is  frequent  in  the  Com.,  and  often  used  together  with  a^rammana  (object).  This  usage,  however,  is  already  indicated  in  the  Abh.  Canon:  ”Cakkhum  p”etam...  vatthum  p”etam”  (Dhs.  §  597;  Vibh.,  p.71,  PTS):  ”cakkhuvin~n~a^nassa  vatthu”  (Dhs.  §§  679ff.).

英漢對照詞典 【295】VEDANA

Vedana  ==  受

see  Sensation  or  Five  Skandhas.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【296】vijja^

  ”(higher)  knowledge”,  gnosis.  For  the  3-fold  k.,  s.  abhin~n~a^  and  te-vijja^.  Cf.  foll.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【297】virati

  the  3  ”abstentions”  or  abstinences,  are:  abstention  from  wrong  speech,  wrong  (bodily)  action  and  wrong  livelihood;  corresponding  to  right  speech,  action  and  livelihood  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga,  3-5).  By  abstention  is  not  simply  meant  the  non-occurrence  of  the  evil  things  in  question,  but  the  deliberate  abstaining  therefrom,  whenever  occasion  arises.  They  belong  to  the  ”secondary”  (not  constant)  mental  concomitants  obtaining  in  lofty  consciousness  (s.  Tab.  II).  Cf.  si^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【298】viriya

  ”energy”,  lit.”virility”,  ”manliness”  or  ”heroism”  (from  vi^ra,  man,  hero;  Lat.  vir;  cf.  virtus),  is  one  of  the  5  spiritual  faculties  and  powers  (s.  bala),  one  of  the  7  factors  of  enlightenment  (s.  bojjhanga)  and  identical  with  right  effort  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga).  For  further  explanations,  s.  padha^na.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【299】virtue

  s.  si^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【300】viveka

  ”detachment”,  seclusion,  is  according  to  Niddesa,  of  3  kinds:  (1)  bodily  detachment  (ka^ya-viveka),  i.e.  abiding  in  solitude  free  from  alluring  sensuous  objects;  (2)  mental  detachment  (citta-viveka),  i.e.  the  inner  detachment  from  sensuous  things;  (3)  detachment  from  the  substrata  of  existence  (upadhi-viveka).
In  the  description  of  the  1st  absorption,  the  words  "detached  from  sensuous  things"  (vivicc”  eva  ka^mehi)  refer,  according  to  Vis.M.  IV,  to  ”bodily  detachment”;  the  words  "detached  from  karmically  unwholesome  things"  (vivicca  akusalehi  dhammehi)  refer  to  ”mental  detachment”;  the  words  "born  of  detachment"  (vivekaja),  to  the  absence  of  the  5  hindrances.

英漢對照詞典 【301】WISDOM

Wisdom  ==  智慧

the  highest  of  Paramita;  the  virtue  of  wisdom  as  the  principal  means  of  attaining  Nirvana.  It  connotes  a  knowledge  of  the  illusory  character  of  everything  earthly,  and  destroys  error,  ignorance,  prejudice  and  heresy.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【302】wisdom

  pan~n~a^  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【303】woeful

  courses  (of  existence):  duggati  (s.  gati).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【304】a^ha^ra

  ”nutriment”,  ”food”,  ...
”nutriment”,  ”food”,  
is  used  in  the  concrete  sense  as  material  food  and  as  such  it  belongs  to  derived  corporeality  (s.  khandha,  Summary  I.)  
In  the  figurative  sense,  as  ”foundation”  or  condition,  it  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.)  and  is  used  to  denote  4  kinds  of  nutriment,  which  are  material  and  mental:  
material  food  (kabalinka^ra^ha^ra),  
(sensorial  and  mental)  impression  (phassa),  
mental  volition  (mano-san~cetana^),  
consciousness  (vin~n~a^na).

Material  food  feeds  the  eightfold  corporeality  having  nutrient  essence  as  its  8th  factor  (i.e.  the  solid,  liquid,  heat,  motion,  colour,  odour,  the  tastable  and  nutrient  essence;  s.  rúpa-kala^pa).  
Sensorial  and  mental  impression  is  a  condition  for  the  3  kinds  of  feeling  (agreeable,  disagreeable  and  indifferent);  s.  paticcasamuppa^da  (6).  
Mental  volition  (=  karma,  q.v.)  feeds  rebirth;  s.  paticca-samuppa^da  (2).  
Consciousness  feeds  mind  and  corporeality  ;na^ma-rúpa;  ib.,  2)  at  the  moment  of  conception"  (Vis.M.  XI).
Literature  (on  the  4  Nutriments):  M.  9  &  Com.  (tr.  in  ”R.  Und.”),  M  38;  S.  XII,  11,  63,  64  -  The  Four  Nutriments  of  Life,  Selected  texts  &  Com.  (WHEEL  105/106).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【305】a^ji^va

  ”livelihood”.  About  right  and  wrong  livelihood.,  s.  sacca  (IV.  5)  and  miccha^-magga  (5).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【306】a^ka^sa

  ”space”,  ...
”space”,  is,  according  to  Com.,  of  two  kinds:  
limited  space  (paricchinna^ka^sa  or  pariccheda^ka^sa),  
endless  space  (ananta^ka^sa),  i.e.  cosmic  space.
1.  Limited  space,  under  the  name  of  a^ka^sa-dha^tu  (space  element),  belongs  to  derived  corporeality  (s.  khandha,  Summary  I;  Dhs  638)  and  to  a  sixfold  classification  of  elements  (s.  dha^tu;  M.112,  M.115,  M.140).  It  is  also  an  object  of  kasina  (q.v.)  meditation.  It  is  defined  as  follows:  "The  space  element  has  the  characteristic  of  delimiting  matter.  Its  function  is  to  indicate  the  boundaries  of  matter.  It  is  manifested  as  the  confines  of  matter;  or  its  manifestation  consists  in  being  untouched  (by  the  4  great  elements),  and  in  holes  and  apertures.  Its  proximate  cause  is  the  matter  delimited.  It  is  on  account  of  the  space  element  that  one  can  say  of  material  things  delimited  that  ”this  is  above.  below,  around  that”"  (Vis.M.  XIV.63).
2.  Endless  space  is  called  in  Atthasa^lini  ajata^ka^sa,  ”unentangled”,  i.e.  unobstructed  or  empty  space.  It  is  the  object  of  the  first  immaterial  absorption  (s.  jha^na),  the  sphere  of  boundless  space  (a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana).  According  to  Abhidhamma  philosophy,  endless  space  has  no  objective  reality  (being  purely  conceptual),  which  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  it  is  not  included  in  the  triad  of  the  wholesome  (kusalatika),  which  comprises  the  entire  reality.  Later  Buddhist  schools  have  regarded  it  as  one  of  several  unconditioned  or  uncreated  states  (asankhata  dharma)  -  a  view  that  is  rejected  in  Kath.  (s.  Guide.  p.  70).  Therava^da  Buddhism  recognizes  only  Nibba^na  as  an  unconditioned  element  (asankhata-dha^tu:  s.  Dhs.  1084).

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