s. pun~n~a, pun~n~a-kiriya-vatthu.
One Buddha Vehicle == 一佛乘
Also known as Supreme Vehicle. In Buddhism, the Five Vehicles are established to facilitate us to understand the reality of Buddhahood. The teachings of One Buddha Vehicle is the ultimate, perfect and complete truth of Buddha, which is unconceivable and beyond words, as stated in the Lotus Sutra.
s. patigha (2a).
”condition of association”, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
”overcoming by destruction”, is the absolute extinction of certain fetters of existence (samyojana, q.v.), which takes place by entering into one of the 4 supermundane paths of holiness (s. ariya-puggala). - Regarding the 5 kinds of overcoming, s. paha^na.
atta-kilamatha (q.v.).
”indulging in gladness”; s. mano-pavica^ra.
”registering consciousness” (s. Tab. I, 40-49, 56), is the last stage in the complete process of cognition (citta-vi^thi) immediately before sinking into the subconscious. It does not occur with the consciousness of the absorptions nor with supermundane consciousness, but only with large or distinct objects of the sensuous sphere. Cf. vin~n~a^na-kicca.
s. citta-vi^thi.
”low talk”, lit.”beastly talk”, is the name in the sutta-texts for the following: "Talk about kings and robbers, ministers and armies, danger and war, eating and drinking, clothes and dwellings, garlands and scents, relations, chariots, villages and markets, towns and districts, women and heroes, street talks, talks by the well, talk about those departed in days gone by, tittle-tattle, talks about world and sea, about gain and loss" (A.X, 69 etc.).
In the commentaries 4 further kinds are enumerated, thus bringing the number to 32, as mostly counted, namely: talk about sensuous enjoyment, self-mortification, eternity and self-annihilation.
asan~n~a^-satta (q.v.).
”decisive support” or ”inducement”, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
”dissociation”, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
s. samsa^ra, vatta.
”one devoted to mental training,” is in Vis.M. the usual name for the disciple cultivating mental concentration (App.).
Fosuoxingzan
佛教典籍。又名《佛本行經》、《佛所行贊經傳》、《佛所行贊經》、《佛本行贊經》、《佛所行贊傳》。古印度馬鳴著,北涼昙無谶譯。5卷。敘述釋迦牟尼一生事迹,把宗教故事、宗教理義用詩歌形式巧妙地表達出來,在印度文學史上也占有重要地位。漢譯異本有南朝宋寶雲的譯本,7卷;另有藏譯本,內容與漢譯大致相同。此外還有梵文殘本傳世。1893年初次刊行。現已有現代漢語譯本。
這部詩歌體的典籍在古代流傳頗廣,影響很大。7世紀時,巡遊印度的中國高僧義淨說此經“五天南海,無不諷誦”,意即全印度與東南亞沿海及島嶼皆甚流行。了還認爲“意明字少而攝義能多,複令讀者心悅忘倦,又複纂持聖教能生福利”。(方廣锠)
sida
佛教術語。指地、水、火、風爲四種構成物質的基本元素。又名四界。界,是種類的意思,謂地、水、火、風四種物體均能保持各自的形態,不相紊亂。亦名四大種。種,有能生的作用,如種子。佛教認爲一切物質都是四大所生。又把物質世界稱爲色法。色,分能造色和所造色兩類,四大種爲能造色,其余一切物體爲所造色。
四大之“大”,有兩種含義:1、相大,如大山大地,大江大海,大山劫火,黑團風、龍卷風等;2、用大,一切物體皆爲四大組成(所造)。說一切有部認爲,四大各有不同的性能和業用,地大以堅爲性,有一定硬度,其業用能受持萬物;水大以濕爲性,有一定的濕度,其業用能使物攝聚不散;火大以熱爲性,有一定的溫度,其業用能使物成熟;風大以動爲性,有一家的動力,其業用能使物成長。四大發內外兩類,動物體內的四大稱內四大,動物體外的四大稱外四大。四大又有實假之分。從四大的堅濕暖動諸性而言,唯身根能感觸,屬觸處所攝色,爲實四大;眼根所見的四大,是形色(地水火風的長、短、方、圓、高、下、正、不正等形狀)和顔色(地水火風的青、黃、赤、白、黑等顔色),屬假四大。佛教認爲人身亦由四大構成,以此說明人身無常、不實、受苦。《金光明最勝王經》卷五稱:“地水火風共成身,隨彼因緣招異果,同在一處相違害,如四毒蛇居一箧。”
四大原是古印度用以分析和認識物質世界的傳統說法,佛教加以改造。但古印度佛教以外的各學派,對四大的解釋各有不同。順世派對于物質世界不論能造所造,都說是四大,並認爲是常住不變的。勝論派認爲四大屬于實句義(實體範疇),是常與無常。數論派認爲,地水火風既是所造也是能造,說四大是色、聲、香、味、觸五塵(五唯,即五種細微元素)所造。佛教各派對四大也有不同的見解。大衆部認爲,四大爲能造,色香味觸四塵爲所造。成實學派認爲,四塵能造四大,四大能造五根,主張四大通能造所造。經量部認爲能造所造皆通實假,主張微塵是實,粗色屬假。一說部認爲,能造所造唯有假名,都無實體。瑜伽行派認爲,有漏大種所造色屬依他起性,無漏大種所造色通圓成實和依他起;大種唯屬實,造色通實假。(劉明淵)
wuzhongxing
佛教教義。姓亦作性。略稱五姓,或稱五種種姓、五種乘姓及五乘種姓。瑜伽行派和法相宗認爲一切衆生先天具有五種本性,由阿賴耶識中無漏種子(沒有煩惱所汙)和有漏種子(爲煩惱所汙,受到束縛限製)所決定,不可改變。《大乘入楞伽經》卷二稱五種種姓爲:聲聞乘種姓,緣覺乘種姓,如來乘種性,不定種姓,無種姓。佛教認爲,此五種種姓,證得的果位均不同。1、聲聞乘定姓(定姓聲聞)。聞佛聲教而得覺悟,故名聲聞。專門修習聲聞因,而證聲聞果,不想進求佛道,是名聲聞乘定姓。2、緣覺乘定姓(定姓緣覺)。觀察思維因緣生滅的法和理,契證真實滅谛,故名緣覺。專門修習緣覺因,而證緣覺果,更不進求佛道,是名緣覺乘定姓。在大乘看來,這只是獨善其身而不拯救衆生。3、如來乘定性(定姓菩薩)。菩薩悲智雙運,冤親等觀,廣利衆生,證菩提果,是名定性菩薩(如來乘定姓)。以上叁種統稱“叁乘”。認爲這叁乘一定會相應地達到羅漢、辟支佛、菩薩(或佛)的果位,故稱定性。4、不定種姓。指具有叁乘本有種子,遇緣薰習,修行不定。若近聲聞,就修習聲聞法,若近緣覺,則修習緣覺法,若近菩薩,又修習菩薩法,究竟達到何種果位,不能肯定,是名不定種姓。5、無種姓。無種,指無善根種子。生成邪見,撥無因果,不受化度,不求解脫,甘溺生死,是名無種姓,又名一闡提。謂不信佛法,無佛種姓,永遠沈淪生死苦海,雖然能修得人天勝妙果報,卻永遠不能成佛。此五種姓之說,雖是瑜伽行派和法相宗所特有的主張,但思想來源很早。《大般若經》卷五百九十叁中已提到叁乘性及不定性。即聲聞乘性決定者、獨覺乘性決定者、無上乘性決定者和叁乘性不定者。(元湛)