”low talk”, lit.”beastly talk”, is the name in the sutta-texts for the following: "Talk about kings and robbers, ministers and armies, danger and war, eating and drinking, clothes and dwellings, garlands and scents, relations, chariots, villages and markets, towns and districts, women and heroes, street talks, talks by the well, talk about those departed in days gone by, tittle-tattle, talks about world and sea, about gain and loss" (A.X, 69 etc.).
In the commentaries 4 further kinds are enumerated, thus bringing the number to 32, as mostly counted, namely: talk about sensuous enjoyment, self-mortification, eternity and self-annihilation.
s. citta-vi^thi.
”receptive consciousness”, is the mindelement (mano-dha^tu) that follows immediately upon the arising of sense-consciousness (visual consciousness, etc.), performing on that occasion the function of recciving the sense-object. Regarding the other functions of consciousness, s. vin~n~a^na-kicca.
lit.”wrong or evil conduct with regard to sensual things”;”unlawful sexual intercourse” refers to adultery, and to intercourse with minors or other persons under guardianship. The abstaining from this unlawful act is one of the 5 moral rules (s. sikkha^pada) binding upon all Buddhists. Through any other sexual act one does not become guilty of the above transgression, which is considered a great crime. The monk, however, has to observe perfect chastity.
In many Suttas (e.g. A.X., 176) we find the following explanation: "He avoids unlawful sexual intercourse, abstains from it. He has no intercourse with girls who are still under the protection of father or mother, brother, sister or relatives, nor with married women, nor female convicts, nor, lastly, with betrothed girls."
”wrong views with fixed destiny”, are the views of uncausedness of existence (ahetuka-ditthi), of the inefficacy of action (akiriya-ditthi), and nihilism (natthika-ditthi). For details, s. ditthi; and M. 60, Com. (WHEEL 98/99). - (App.)
is apparently mentioned for the first time in Dhs. (e.g. § 1028) of the Abh. As a name for the 10th and last of the akusala-kammapathas, it plays a prominent role in the Com.
”post-nascence-condition”, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).
s. dhutanga.
Eighteen Different Characters == 十八不共法
There are eighteen different characters of a Buddha as compared with all other beings in the Nine Realms.
1.His perfection of body (or person)
2.His perfection of mouth (or speech)
3.His perfection of memory
4.His perfection of impartiality to all
5.Serenity
6.Self-sacrifice
7.Unceasing desire to save
8.Unflagging zeal therein to save
9.Unfailing thought thereto to save
10.Unceasing wisdom to save
11.Powers of deliverance
12.The principle of the powers of deliverance
13.Revealing perfect wisdom in deed
14.Revealing perfect wisdom in word
15.Revealing perfect wisdom in thought
16.Perfect knowledge of the past
17.Perfect knowledge of the future
18.Perfect knowledge of the present
Three Universal Characteristics == 三法印(诸行无常,诸法无我,寂静涅槃)
The Three Universal Characteristics are connected with the existence. They are:
1.All phenomena are impermanent.
2.All Dharma are not-self.
3.All sensations are suffering.
Dasi
印度西藏学家。曾任加尔各答大学佛学教授。毕生从事西藏学和佛学的研究。1879年入藏,1881年再度入藏,收集大量藏文古典文献。重要著作有《藏英辞典》(附梵文同义语,1902),《藏语文法导论》(附《悉都文法金刚明鉴》及《悉都讲义》,1915)。两书在西藏学研究者中颇受重视,多次再版。另著有《拉萨及中藏旅行记》(1902)一书。(郭元兴)
Shijueyue
印度佛学家、汉学家。在印度大学毕业后,曾去法国远东学院师事佛学家莱维教授,从事汉文佛典的研究工作。曾任印度泰戈尔国际大学中国学院教授、副校长。到中国留学时,任北京大学访问教授。通晓古汉语、梵语和中亚语言,专门从事中印佛教文化交流史的研究。主要著作有《中印文化关系千年史》、《印度与中亚》、《中国佛教圣典》(上、下册)。他还把唐道宣的《释迦方志》译成英语。(于 众)