of will, problem of the: cf. paticcasamuppa^da (X).
Hsu Yun == 虛雲
a great Ch”an master in China. He died in 1959 at the age of 120.
Hua Tou == 話頭
Intense concentration on a question-word which defies any answer and allows no answer at all. Literally, it refers to the source of word before it is uttered. It is a method used in Ch”an Sect to arouse the doubt. The practitioner meditates on questions as who is reciting the Buddha”s name?. He does not rely on experience or reasoning. Sometimes, it is also known as Kung-an.
indriya == 五根
”faculties”, is a name for 22, partly physical, partly mental, phenomena often treated in the Suttas as well as in the Abhidhamma. They are:
6 Bases (a^yatana, q.v.):
1. eye: cakkhu
2. ear: sota
3. nose: gha^na
4. tongue: jivha^
5. body: ka^ya
6. mind: mano
Sex (bhava, q.v.):
7. femininity: itthi
8. masculinity: purisa
9. vitality: ji^vita
5 Feelings (vedana^, q. v.)
10. bodily pleasant feeling: sukha
11. bodily pain: dukkha
12. gladness: somanassa
13. sadness: domanassa
14. indifference: upekkha^
5 Spiritual Faculties (s. bala)
15. faith: saddha^
16. energy: viriya
17. mindfulness: sati
18. concentration: sama^dhi
19. wisdom: pan~n~a^
3 Supermundane Faculties
20. the assurance: ”I shall know what I did not yet know!”: an~n~a^tan~-n~assa^mi^t” indriya
21. the faculty of highest knowledge: an~n~indriya
22. the faculty of him who knows: an~n~a^ta^vindriya.
(1-5, 7-8) are physical; (9) is either physical or mental. All the rest are mental. - (14) (s. upekkha^) is here merely indifferent feeling (= adukkha-m-asukha^ vedana^, i.e.”neither pleasant nor unpleasant feeling”) and not identical with that highly ethical state of equanimity (= tatramajjhattata^, i.e.”keeping everywhere the middle”, the equipoise of mind), also called upekkha^ which belongs to the group of mental formations (sankha^ra-kkhandha; s. Tab II). - (20) arises at the moment of entering the Sota^patti-Path (sota^patti-magga), (21) on reaching the Sota^patti-Fruition (sota^patti-phala), (22) at attaining the Arahat-Fruition (arahatta-phala). For the three last, s. ariya-puggala.
The faculties, excepting (7) and (8), form one of the 24 conditions (paccaya 16, q.v.).
In Vibh. V all these faculties are treated in the above order, whereas S. XLVIII enumerates and explains them by way of the above indicated groups, leaving only 20-22 unexplained. See Vis XVI; Path 138ff. - For the 5 spiritual faculties (15-19), s. The Way of Wisdom (WHEEL 65/66).
cf. pan~n~a^, vipassana^, n~a^na.
and ji^vitindriya: ”Life, vitality”, may be either physical (rúpa-ji^vitindriya) or mental (na^ma-ji^vitindriya). The latter is one of the mental factors inseparably associated with all consciousness; cf. na^ma, cetana^, phassa.
This doctrinal term, as well as the doctrine of the different corporeal units or groups, such as the suddhatthaka-k., ji^vitanavaka-k., cakkhudasaka-k., etc. (s. Vis.M. XVIII), belong only to the later developments of exegetical literature, as Vis.M. etc.
”group”, ”unit”: 1.”corporeal unit” (s. rúpa-kala^pa); 2. It has the meaning of ”group of existence” (khandha) in kala^pasammasana (s. sammasana), i.e.”comprehension by groups”, which is the application of ”methodical (or inductive) insight” (naya-vipassana^) to the comprehension of the 5 aggregates (khandha) as impermanent, painful and not-self. It is a process of methodical summarization, or generalization, from one”s own meditative experience that is applied to each of the 5 aggregates, viewed as past, present, future, as internal and external, etc. In Vis.M. XX, where the ”comprehension by groups” is treated in detail, it is said to constitute ”the beginning of insight” as it leads to the ”knowledge of rise and fall”, being the first of the 8 insightknowledges (s. visuddhi VI). It is necessary for accomplishing the 5th purification (s. visuddhi V; Vis.M. XX, 2, 6ff.).
”compassion”, is one of the 4 sublime abodes (brahma-viha^ra, q.v.).
s. karma, kammapatha, sikkha^pada.
Kushala == 善業
Sanskrit word. It means good Karma.
”lightness”, or ”agility”, may be of 3 kinds: of corporeality (rúpassa lahuta^; s. khandha, I ), of mental factors (ka^ya-lahuta^), and of consciousness (citta-lahuta^). Cf. Tab. II.
means, in general usage, anything regarded as ”auspicious””lucky”, or a ”good omen”. Against the contemporary superstitions notions about it, the Buddha, in the Maha^-mangala Sutta (Sn., w. 258 ff.), set forth 36 ”blessings” that are truly auspicious, i.e. conducive to happiness, beginning with the ”avoidance of bad company” and ending with a ”serene mind”. It is one of the most popular Suttas in Buddhist countries, and a fundamental text on Buddhist lay ethics.
Tr. in Everyman”s Ethics (WHEEL 14). See Life”s Highest Blessings, by Dr. R. L. Soni. (WHEEL 254/256).
(regarding the absorptions): s. vasi^. - 8 stages of: abhibha^yatana (q.v.).
one, the: gotrabhú (q.v.).
evident, and to be inferred: s. neyyatthadhamma.
the 9-fold: of the Buddhasa^sana, s. sa^sana.