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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【361】miccha^

  ditthi,  -sankappa,  -va^ca  etc.:  s.  foll.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【362】miccha^

  magga,  Atthangika:  the  ”eightfold  wrong  path”,  i.e.  (1)  wrong  view  (miccha^-ditthi),  (2)  wrong  thought  (miccha^-sankappa),  (3)  wrong  speech  (miccha^-va^ca^),  (4)  wrong  bodily  action  (miccha^-kammanta),  (5)  wrong  livelihood  (miccha^-a^ji^va),  (6)  wrong  effort  (miccha^-va^ya^ma),  (7)  wrong  mindfulness  (miccha^-sati),  (8)  wrong  concentration  (miccha^-sama^dhi).  Just  as  the  Eightfold  Right  Path  (samma^-magga),  so  also  here  the  8  links  are  included  in  the  group  of  mental  formations  (sankha^ra-kkhandha;  s.  khandha).  The  links  2,  6,  7,  8,  are  inseparably  bound  up  with  every  karmically-unwholesome  state  of  consciousness.  Often  are  also  present  3,  4,  or  5,  sometimes  link  1.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【363】miracle

  s.  pa^tiha^riya.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【364】mudita^

  ”altruistic  (or  sympathetic)  joy”,  is  one  of  the  4  sublime  abodes  (brahma-viha^ra,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【365】muduta^

  (rúpa,  ka^ya,  citta):  ”elasticity”  (of  corporeality,  mental  factors,  consciousness);  s.  khandha  (I)  and  Tab.  II.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【366】muduta^

  s.  lahuta^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【367】mundane

  lokiya  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【368】navanga

  buddha  (or  satthu)-  sa^sana:  s.  sa^sana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【369】neutral

  karmically:  avya^kata  (q.v.);  n.  feelings,  s.  vedana^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【370】nimitta

  mark,  sign;  image;  target,  object;  cause,  condition.  These  meanings  are  used  in,  and  adapted  to,  many  contexts  of  which  only  the  doctrinal  ones  are  mentioned  here.
1.”Mental  (reflex-)  image”,  obtained  in  meditation.  In  full  clarity,  it  will  appear  in  the  mind  by  successful  practice  of  certain  concentration-exercises  and  will  then  appear  as  vividly  as  if  seen  by  the  eye.  The  object  perceived  at  the  very  beginning  of  concentration  is  called  the  preparatory  image  (parikamma-nimitta).  The  still  unsteady  and  unclear  image,  which  arises  when  the  mind  has  reached  a  weak  degree  of  concentration,  is  called  the  acquired  image  (uggaha-nimitta).  An  entirely  clear  and  immovable  image  arising  at  a  higher  degree  of  concentration  is  the  counter-image  (patibha^ga-nimitta).  As  soon  as  this  image  arises,  the  stage  of  neighbourhood  (or  access)  concentration  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi)  is  reached.  For  further  details,  s.  kasina,  sama^dhi.
2.”Sign  of  (previous)  kamma”  (kamma-nimitta)  and  ”sign  of  (the  future)  destiny”  (gati-nimitta);  these  arise  as  mental  objects  of  the  last  karmic  consciousness  before  death  (marana^sanna-kamma;  s.  karma,  III,  3).
Usages  (1)  and  (2)  are  commentarial  (s.  App.).  In  sutta  usage,  the  term  occurs,  e.g.  as:
3.”Outward  appearance”:  of  one  who  has  sense-control  it  is  said-  that  "he  does  not  seize  upon  the  general  appearance”  of  an  object  (na  nimittagga^hi^;  M.  38,  D.  2;  expl.  Vis  I,  54f;  see  si^la).
4.”Object”:  the  six  objects,  i.e.  visual,  etc.  (rúpa-nimitta;  S.  XXII,  3).  Also,  when  in  explanation  of  animitta-cetovimutti,  signless  deliverance  of  mind  (s.  cetovimutti,  vimokkha),  it  is  said,  ”sabba-nimitta^nam  amanasika^ra^”,  it  refers  to  the  6  sense-objects  (Com.  to  M.  43),  and  has  therefore  to  be  rendered  "by  paying  no  attention  to  any  object  (or  object-ideas)."  -  A  pleasant  or  beautiful  object  (subha-nimitta,  q.v.)  is  a  condition  to  the  arising  of  the  hindrance  of  sense-desire;  a  ”repellent  object”  (patigha-nimitta)  for  the  hindrance  of  ill-will;  contemplation  on  the  impurity  of  an  object  (asubha-nimitta;  s.  asubha)  is  an  antidote  to  sense-desire.
5.  In  Pts.M.  II,  in  a  repetitive  series  of  terms,  nimitta  appears  together  with  uppa^do  (origin  of  existence),  pavattam  (continuity  of  existence),  and  may  then  be  rendered  by  ”condition  of  existence”  (s.  Path,  194f.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【371】nimitta

  As  signifying  the  mental  reflex-image  occurring  in  meditation,  this  term,  singly  or  in  compounds  (parikkamma-,  uggaha-,  patibha^ga-n.),  is  found  only  in  the  Com.,  Vis.M.,  etc.  The  same  holds  good  for  kamma-nimitta,  gati-nimitta.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【372】nirodha

  ”extinction”;  s.  nirodha-sama^patti,  anupubba-nirodha.

英漢對照詞典 【373】NIRVANA

Nirvana  ==  涅槃

Nirvana  is  a  Sanskrit  word  which  is  originally  translated  as  "perfect  stillness".  It  has  many  other  meanings,  such  as  liberation,  eternal  bliss,  tranquil  extinction,  extinction  of  individual  existence,  unconditioned,  no  rebirth,  calm  joy,  etc.  It  is  usually  described  as  transmigration  to  "extinction",  but  the  meaning  given  to  "extinction"  varies.
There  are  four  kinds  of  Nirvana:  
1.Nirvana  of  pure,  clear  self-nature  
2.Nirvana  with  residue  
3.Nirvana  without  residue  
4.Nirvana  of  no  dwelling

南傳佛教英文辭典 【374】nirvana

  (Sanskrit=  )  Nibba^na  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【375】nissaya

  ”foundation”.  The  2  wrong  foundations  of  morality  are  craving  (tanha^-nissaya)  and  views  (ditthi-nissaya).  Hence  there  are  two  wrong  bases  of  morality:  morality  based  on  craving  (tanha^-nissita-si^la)  and  morality  based  on  views  (ditthi-nissita-si^la).  (App.)
"”Based  on  craving”  is  that  kind  of  morality  which  has  come  about  by  the  desire  for  a  happy  existence,  e.g.:  ”O  that  by  this  morality  I  might  become  a  godlike  or  heavenly  being!”  (A.IX,  172).”Based  on  views”  is  that  morality  which  has  been  induced  by  the  view  that  through  the  observation  of  certain  moral  rules  purification  may  be  attained"  (Vis.M.  I).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【376】niya^ma

  the  ”fixedness  of  law”  regarding  all  things;  cf.  tathata^.  -  Pan~ca-niya^ma  is  a  commentarial  term,  signifying  the  ”fivefold  lawfulness”  or  ”natural  order”  that  governs:  (1)  temperature,  seasons  and  other  physical  events  (utu-niya^ma);  (2)  the  plant  life  (bi^ja-n.);  (3)  karma  (kamma-n.);  (4)  the  mind  (citta-n.),  e.g.  the  lawful  sequence  of  the  functions  of  consciousness  (s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca)  in  the  process  of  cognition;  (5)  certain  events  connected  with  the  Dhamma  (dhamma-n.),  e.g.  the  typical  events  occurring  in  the  lives  of  the  Buddhas.  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【377】niya^ma

  The  compound  words  utu-,  bi^ja-,  kamma-,  citta-,  and  dhamma-niya^ma,  probably  occur  for  the  first  time  in  the  Com.  Niya^mata^,  however,  occurs  often  in  the  old  sutta  texts,  e.g.”thita^  va  sa^  dha^tu  dhammatthitata^  dhammaniya^mata...”  (A.  III.  134.  etc.)

南傳佛教英文辭典 【378】obha^sa

  ”effulgence  of  light”,  aura,  appearing  at  times  during  deep  insight  (vipassana^),  may  become  a  ”defilement  of  insight”  (vipassanúpakkilesa);  cf.  visuddhi,  V.

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