upaca^ra-sama^dhi (q.v.) .
s. samuttha^na.
Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss == 極樂世界/淨土
This is the Buddha Land of Amitabha Buddha. In Amitabha Sutra, there is full description about this Pure Land. This is the world of utmost joy without suffering. With the spiritual power of Amitabha Buddha, all beings in this world will understand Buddhism easily and practise diligently, and attain enlightenment eventually. Therefore by reciting Amitabha Buddha”s name, Buddhist followers hope that they will be born in this Pure Land after their lives on earth. See also Nine Stages of Lotus Flowers.
”the knowledge and vision according to reality”, is one of the 18 chief kinds of insight (vipassana^, q.v.).
Law of Dependent Origination == 緣起法
It states that all phenomenon arise depending upon a number of casual factors. In other word, it exists in condition that the other exist; it has in condition that others have; it extinguishes in condition that others extinguish; it has not in condition that others have not. For existence, there are twelve links in the chain:
Ignorance is the condition for karmic activity; karmic activity is the condition for consciousness; consciousness is the condition for the name and form; name and form is the condition for the six sense organs; six sense organs are the condition for contact; contact is the condition for feeling; feeling is the condition for emotional love/craving; emotional love/craving is the condition for grasping; grasping is the condition for existing; existing is the condition for birth; birth is the condition for old age and death; old age and death is the condition for ignorance; and so on.
”knowledge consisting in reflective contemplation"; is one of the 9 knowledges constituting the ”purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress” (patipada^-n~a^nadassanavisuddhi; s. visuddhi VI), and one of the 18 chief kinds of insight (maha^vipassana^; s. vipassana^).
s. sota^panna.
Changlewojing
佛教術語。其義有二:1、四顛倒:佛教認爲,世間是生死法,一切有爲法(有生、住、變異和消失的事物),都是由衆多因緣條件而生滅變化的,它的本性皆是無常、苦、無我和不淨,但“凡夫”不明此理,相反地認爲是常、樂、我、淨,顛倒妄執,因稱之爲四顛倒。《俱舍論》卷十九稱:“應知顛倒總有四種,一于無常執常顛倒,二于諸苦執樂顛倒,叁于不淨執淨顛倒,四于無我執我顛倒。”2、涅槃四德:大乘佛教認爲,一旦證入涅槃,就會具有真正的常樂我淨。因涅槃的體性有四種功德。恒常不變而無生滅,名之爲常德;寂滅永安,名之爲樂德;得大自在,是主是依,性不變易,名之爲我德;解脫一切垢染,名之爲淨德。(任傑)
Pusa jieben
佛教大乘戒律書。亦稱《菩薩善戒經》、《瑜伽戒本》等。漢譯題爲彌勒說,藏譯題爲無著造。爲大乘律藏中記載菩薩戒條文、說明戒相的典籍。
譯本 漢譯有四種:①《菩薩戒本》。北涼昙無谶譯,1卷;從《菩薩地持經·方便處戒品》錄出,加歸敬頌而成,亦稱《地持戒本》。②《菩薩善戒經》。南朝宋求那跋摩譯,1卷。③《優婆塞五戒威儀經》。譯者不詳(日本《大正新修大藏經》題南朝宋求那跋摩譯),1卷。④《菩薩或本》。唐玄奘譯,1卷;從《瑜伽師地論·本地分》中《菩薩地初持瑜伽處戒品》錄出,亦稱《瑜伽戒本》。玄奘又于唐貞觀二十叁年(649)在大慈恩寺譯出《菩薩戒羯磨文》1卷,別出《菩薩戒本》1卷,普光筆受,是爲最後定本。此外,尚有後秦鸠摩羅什所譯《梵網經》,據稱梵本共61卷,羅什只譯了《菩薩心地戒品》,分上下品。下品說十重戒、四十八輕或,故也稱《菩薩戒經》,流行較《瑜伽戒本》爲廣。
玄奘譯的《菩薩戒本》,十分流行,其入室弟子多持大乘戒,且常在名字前冠以“大乘”字樣,如窺基稱“大乘基”等。
內容 主要說明菩薩戒相。書中列舉四種重戒和四十八種輕戒。菩薩戒相分攝律儀戒、攝善法戒和饒益有情戒叁大類,稱“叁聚戒”。重戒爲:貪求利養、恭敬,自贊或毀他;他求財法,悭吝不施;忿惱有情,不受谏謝;謗大乘法,說相似法。輕戒爲:不供養、頌贊、信念叁寶;貪著利養、恭敬無厭;不敬長老、不答來問;不受他請;不受施物;求法不施;棄舍犯戒有情;于諸遮罪不應與聲聞共學而共學;爲利他故七支性罪應開不開;邪命不舍;威儀不靜;不樂涅槃;于惡聲譽不護不雪;護他憂惱不作調伏;報複瞋打罵弄;犯他不忏謝;不受他忏謝;于他懷恨堅持不舍;染心畜徒衆;貪睡眠休臥;貪無義語虛度時日;不求教授;不除蓋障;貪世間禅;輕棄聲聞乘;舍菩薩藏專學聲聞藏;未精佛教研異學外論;愛樂異、外論;謗菩薩藏甚深法義;懷愛恚心、自贊毀他;不往聽正法;輕慢說法者;不爲助伴;不瞻病苦;見作非理不爲說正理;不報恩惠;不畏憂惱;求財不施;不以財法攝受徒衆;不隨他心轉;他實有德不欲贊揚;不折伏行非法者;不現神通引攝製伏。
法疏 現存有隋慧遠述《地持論義記》(卷叁,下);唐遁倫集撰《瑜伽師地論記》(卷十),窺基撰《瑜伽師地論略纂》(卷十一);明智旭箋《菩薩戒本經箋要》1卷(系釋昙無谶譯《菩薩戒本》)。此外有日本行性述《菩薩或本箋解》3卷(系用漢文注釋玄奘譯《菩薩戒本》)。藏文大藏經丹珠爾中有印度關于《瑜伽戒本》注釋多種。藏文注釋有宗喀巴的《菩薩戒本品釋》(系集諸家注釋之大成),另有藏譯月官造《菩薩戒攝頌》。(隆蓮)
Three Meditations of One Mind == 一心叁觀
Also known as Three Inconceivable Meditations, which is one of the practices in Tien Tai Sect in China. According to Tien Tai, all existence in the universe consists of Three Dogmas (Truths), namely, Void, Unreal and Mean. These three Dogmas are co-existent and interactive, integrated and interrelated. If one can meditate this concept with the whole mind, it is call Three Meditations of One mind, or Inconceivable Profound Meditation.
s. dhutanga.
a^nen~ja^bhisankha^ra; s. sankha^ra.
”contemplation on disinterestedness regarding the whole world”, described in A. X., 60 in the following words: "If, Ananda, the monk gives up his tenacious clinging to the world, his firm grasping and his biases and inclinations of the mind, and turns away from these things, does not cling to them, this, Ananda, is called the contemplation on disinterestedness regarding the whole world."
Vipasyana Sukhavativyuha Sutra == 觀無量壽經
It is one of the main sutra for Pure Land Sect. The Sutra indicates that the Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha is one of the Buddha Lands. It also describes how to be born in the Pure Land through the Sixteen Contemplations. Therefore, the Sutra is also called "Sixteen Contemplations Sutra".
as rúpassa-, ka^ya-, or citta-, are for the first time found in the Abh. Canon, esp. Dhs. All, however, perhaps with the sole exception of pagun~n~ata^, are implied in the Sutta Canon, e.g.”citte mudu-bhúte kammani^ye” (M 4);”lahu-san~n~an~ ca ka^ye okkamitva^” (S. LI. 22);”cittam ujukam akamsu” (S. I. 26; PTS). Ka^ya-passaddhi and citta-passaddhi, however, are well known in the old sutta texts in this connection.
The first of these 3 fundamental terms, especially in this 3-fold grouping, belongs to the commentarial literature, though the idea expressed thereby is often found in the suttas in such expressions as: ”dhammam pariya^puna^ti suttam geyyam veyya^karanam ....” The 2 other terms are found separately in the suttas.
Six Directions of Reincarnation == 六道輪回
(1) Naraka, i.e. Hell(地獄)
(2) Presta, i.e. Hungry Ghost(餓鬼)
(3) Tiryagyoni, i.e. Animal(畜牲)
(4) Asura, i.e. Malevolent nature spirits(阿修羅)
(5) Manusya, i.e. Human Existence(人)
(6) Deva, i.e. Heavenly Existence(天,梵天)
”purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress” forms the 6th stage of purification (visuddhi, q.v.).