s. sacca.
Samsara == 轮回转世
Sanskrit word meaning turning of the wheel or revolving. It refers to the transmigration in the Six Directions of Reincarnation.
”companionship”. (1) "Through companionship with bad men (asappurisa-s.) comes listening to bad advice, thereby unwise reflection, thereby inattention and mental confusion, thereby lack of sense-control, thereby 3-fold bad conduct in bodily action, speech and mind, thereby the 5 hindrances (ni^varana, q.v.), thereby craving for existence. (2) Through companionship with good men (sappurisa-s. ) comes listening to good advice, thereby faith, thereby wise reflection, thereby mindfulness and clarity of consciousness, thereby sense-control, thereby 3-fold good conduct, thereby the 4 foundations of mindfulness (satipattha^na, q.v ), thereby the 7 factors of enlightenment (bojjhanga, q.v.), thereby liberation through wisdom (pan~n~a^-vimutti, q.v.)." Cf. A. X 62.
ditthi (-va^da): ”eternity-belief”, is the belief in a soul or personality existing independently of the 5 groups of existence, and continuing after death eternally, as distinguished from the ”annihilation-belief” (uccheda-ditthi), i.e. the belief in a personality falling at death a prey to absolute annihilation. For more details, s. ditthi.
the ”training”, which the Buddha”s disciple has to undergo, is 3-fold: training in higher morality (adhisi^la-sikkha^), in higher mentality (adhicitta-sikkha^), and in higher wisdom (adhipan~n~a^-sikkha^). This 3-fold training refers to the 3-fold division of the the 8-fold Path (magga, q.v.) in morality, concentration and wisdom (si^la, sama^dhi, pan~n~a^). In D. 16 and A.IV,1 it is said:
"It is through not understanding, not penetrating noble morality ... noble concentration ... noble wisdom ... noble deliverance that I, as well as you, have had for such a long time to pass through this round of rebirths.””
"This then is morality, this concentration, this wisdom, this deliverance. Being endowed with morality, concentration brings high fruit and blessing. Being endowed with concentration, wisdom hrings high fruit and blessing. Being endowed with wisdom, the mind becomes freed from all cankers (a^sava q.v.) namely, from the sensuous canker (ka^ma^sava), from the canker of existence (bhavasava) from the canker of opinions (ditthisava) from the canker of ignorance (avijja^sava).
position, sleeping in: s. dhutanga.
kusala (q.v.).
”lofty”, beautiful, pure, are called, in Abh. S., all states of consciousness excepting the unwholesome and those without roots (ahetuka). Sobhana-sa^dha^rana are called the mental factors (cetasika) common to all lofty consciousness; s. Tab. II.
(of existence): avacara (q.v.). - The 4 immaterial spheres (a^yatana): s. jha^na (5-8).
Sravaka == 声闻
the first or initial stage in Hinayana, the second being that of Praetyka-Buddha. Sravaka, a Sanskrit word, means a hearer. It generally relates to Hinayana disciple who understands the Four Noble Truth in entering Nirvana.
abodes (or States): brahma-viha^ra (q.v.).
(adj.), sun~n~ata^ (noun): void (ness), empty (emptiness). As a doctrinal term it refers, in Therava^da, exclusively to the anatta^ doctrine,.i.e. the unsubstantiality of all phenomena: "Void is the world ... because it is void of a self and anything belonging to a self" (sun~n~am attena va^ attaniyena va^; S. XXXV, 85); also stated of the 5 groups of existence (khandha, q.v.) in the same text. See also M. 43, M. 106. - In CNidd. (quoted in Vis.M. XXI, 55), it is said: "Eye ... mind, visual objects ... mind-objects, visual consciousness ... mind-consciousness, corporeality ... consciousness, etc., are void of self and anything belonging to a self; void of permanency and of anything lasting, eternal or immutable.. They are coreless: without a core of permanency, or core of happiness or core of self." - In M. 121, the voiding of the mind of the cankers, in the attainment of Arahatship, is regarded as the "fully purified and incomparably highest (concept of) voidness. - See Sn. v. 1119; M. 121; M. 122 (WHEEL 87); Pts.M. II: Sun~n~a-katha^; Vis.M. XXI, 53ff.
Right: samma^-sankappa;.s. sacca, magga.
away, contemplation of the: vivattanupassana^; s. vipassana^.
rúpassa: ”growth of corporeality”; s. khandha I; App.
is an Abh. term but already alluded to in the old sutta texts, e.g. M. 149: ”a^yatim pan~cúpa^da^nakkhandha^ upacayam gacchanti”, or in D.2: ”Ayam ka^yo ... odana-kumma^s” upacayo”.
upekkha == 舍
”feeling”, sensation, is the 2nd of the 5 groups of existence (s. khandha II). According to its nature, it may be divided into 5 classes: (1) bodily agreeable feeling (ka^yika^ sukha^-vedana^ = sukha); (2) bodily disagreeable feeling (ka^yika^ dukkha^-vedana^ = dukkha^); (3) mentally agreeable feeling (cetasika^ sukha^-vedana^ = somanassa); (4) mentally disagreeable feeling (cetasika^ dukkha^-vedana^ = domanassa); (5) indifferent or neutral (adukkha-m-asukha^ vedana^ = upekkha^, q.v.).
With regard to the 6 senses, one distinguishes 6 kinds of feeling: feeling associated with seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, bodily impression and mental impression. The textual wording of it is ”feeling arisen through visual contact” (cakkhu-samphassaja^ vedana^; S. XXII, 55; D. 22), etc.
Feeling is one of the 7 mental factors inseparably associated with all consciousness whatever, s. na^ma. In the formula of the dependent origination (paticcasamuppa^da, q.v.), feeling is the condition for the arising of craving (tanha^). The above-mentioned 5 kinds of feeling are enumerated amongst the 22 faculties (indriya, q.v.). - See M. 59; Contemplation of Feeling (Vedana^ Samyutta), by Nyanaponika Thera (WHEEL 303/304).