”one wth only 7 further rebirths at the utmost”, is one of the 3 kinds of Stream-winners (sota^panna, q.v.).
s. indriya (15-19), indriya-samatta, bala.
”emptiness-deliverance”; s. vimokkha.
s. ma^na.
”knowledge based on learning”; s. pan~n~a^.
”supportive karma”; s. karma.
Dachengjing
大乘佛學經典的總稱。又稱大乘修多羅、菩薩契經、方等經、方廣經或大方等經等。相對于小乘經而言。大乘經是隨著佛學思想的不斷發展陸續出現的。初期流行的大乘經，約當公元1世紀開始出現。有宣揚“人法二空”、“性空幻有”的《般若經》類；有“彈偏斥小”、“歎大褒圓”。弘揚居士佛教的《維摩經》類；有提倡“般若正觀”的《寶積經》類；有倡導“叁界所有，唯是一心”和“十二因緣，依于一心”的《華嚴經》類；有宣揚“諸法實相”，主張“開權顯實”和“會叁歸一”的《法華經》類；還有發揮念佛叁昧思想和奉行淨土信仰一類的經典，如《阿閦佛國經》、《無量壽經》、《阿彌陀經》和《般舟叁昧經》等。5世紀又陸續出現了一部分大乘經。有提出“佛身是常”、“法身具有常、樂、我、淨四德”、“一切衆生皆有佛性”等思想的《大涅槃經》類；有主張“自性清淨心”，發揮“如來藏緣起”的《勝鬘經》類；有講大乘菩薩道，以四無量、六度、四攝爲綱，用十善巧解釋智慧而構成的《菩薩藏經》類；有屬于論藏性質，發揮唯識學說的《大乘阿毗達磨經》和闡發“萬法唯識”思想，主張“阿陀那緣起”的《解深密經》；還有調和“如來藏緣起”和“阿賴耶緣起”的《楞伽經》和《密嚴經》等。此外尚有說菩薩戒行的《梵網菩薩戒經》，講如來叁密，建立各種曼荼羅，宣說各種真言陀羅尼的《大日經》、《金剛頂經》等秘密經類。
上述大乘各種經類，是大乘佛學思想發生和發展的依據。大乘經部帙浩繁，漢譯者達數千卷之多。原來各家“經錄”大小乘經是不分的。《曆代叁寶記》所引作者不詳的《衆經別錄》，開始分“大乘錄”、“小乘錄”、“大小乘不判錄”等等。《開元釋教錄略出》則把大乘經分爲般若部、寶積部、大集部、華嚴部、涅槃部5大類，加上諸重譯經和大乘經單譯2類，共7部分。日本《大正新修大藏經》仍是大小乘經不分，但在10大類中，除阿含部爲小乘經，本緣部和經集部大小乘經混雜外，其余般若部、法華部、華嚴部、寶積部、涅槃部、大集部和密教部，基本上都屬大乘經類。《頻伽藏》則將大乘經分爲華嚴部、方等部、般若部、法華部、涅槃部等5部分。（高振農）
Qingjingdaolun
研究上座部佛教思想和教理的重要論書。覺音著。約成書于5世紀，被譽爲叁藏典籍和義疏的精要。據傳，覺音在5世紀20年代到錫蘭（今斯裏蘭卡）研讀僧伽羅文論疏和上座部佛教教義時，大寺派僧團爲了測驗他的才幹，命其注釋兩首偈頌，而寫出此論。它雖和《解脫道論》在體裁和內容方面都十分相似，但見解不同。它依據上座部佛教大寺派的觀點，對一切物質和精神現象的闡述，煩瑣而複雜。全論共二十叁品，依照次第論述戒、定、慧叁學要義。一致二品闡明戒的定義、作用、種類和持戒的各項規定等；叁至十叁品闡述定的定義、種類、修習禅定的各種方法、目的和所獲得的福德等；十四至二十叁品闡述慧的定義、種類及修習方法等，這是《清淨道論》的核心，從精神和物質兩個方面詳細闡明關于四谛、五蘊、八正道和十二緣起等佛教的基本理論。
《清淨道論》除了有僧伽羅文、泰文、緬甸文、高棉文、老撾文、傣文、天城體梵文和拉丁字母的音譯巴利文本外，還被譯爲漢、日、英、法、德等文字，一向被視爲研究上座部佛教哲學思想體系的重要參考資料，受到學術界和佛教界的重視。（童玮）
cf. ceto-vimutti.
the ”effort to maintain” wholesome states; s. padha^na.
pan~ca-voka^ra-bhava (q.v.).
catu-voka^ra-bhava (q.v.).
s. Tab, I, III. (22-29).
lit.”wrong or evil conduct with regard to sensual things”;”unlawful sexual intercourse” refers to adultery, and to intercourse with minors or other persons under guardianship. The abstaining from this unlawful act is one of the 5 moral rules (s. sikkha^pada) binding upon all Buddhists. Through any other sexual act one does not become guilty of the above transgression, which is considered a great crime. The monk, however, has to observe perfect chastity.
In many Suttas (e.g. A.X., 176) we find the following explanation: "He avoids unlawful sexual intercourse, abstains from it. He has no intercourse with girls who are still under the protection of father or mother, brother, sister or relatives, nor with married women, nor female convicts, nor, lastly, with betrothed girls."
Manjusri Bodhisattva == 文殊菩薩
As one of the Four Great Bodhisattva, he is the one with the greatest wisdom. Manjusri is said to have: wonderful head, universal head, glossy head, revered head, wonderful virtue and wonderfully auspicious. Manjusri, the guardian of wisdom, is often placed on the left of Shakyamuni, while Visvabhadra, the guardian of law, is on the right. Manjusri always rides on a lion. He is also described as the ninth predecessor or Buddha-ancestor of Shakyamuni. He is the Chief of the Bodhisattva, and the chief disciple of the Buddha. He is the object for the pilgrimages visiting the Wu Tai Shan of Shansi Province in China.
”mind-consciousness element”, one of the 18 ”elements” (s. dha^tu II). This term is generally used as a name for that consciousness-element which performs the functions of investigation (santi^rana), determining (votthapana), registering (tada^rammana), etc. See Tab. I, 40, 41, 56, 71, 72.
Nirvana with residue == 有余涅槃
The cause, but not all the effect (Karma) of reincarnation is cut off and removal of the obstacle of affliction, but not that of what is known (Dharma), thus the body which remains is subject to birth and death. Those beings are Arhats.
”purity of reflection”, is a name for wise consideration in using the 4 requisites allowed to the monk, i.e. robes, food, dwelling, and medicine; s. si^la (4).