ditthi = uccheda-ditthi; s. ditthi.
”discursive thinking”; s. vitakka-vica^ra.
”abode” There are 3 abodes: the heavenly abode (dibba-viha^ra), the divine abode (brahma-viha^ra, q.v.), the noble abode (ariya-viha^ra). See A. III, 63; D. 33.
”deliverance”, is of 2 kinds: deliverance of mind (ceto-vimutti, q.v.) and deliverance through wisdom (pan~n~a^-vimutti, q.v.).
”Deliverance of mind”, in the highest sense, is that kind of concentration (sama^dhi) which is bound up with the path of Arahatship (arahatta-magga);”deliverance through wisdom” is the knowledge (n~a^na) bound up with the fruition of Arahatship (arahatta-phala). Cf. A. V, 142.
There are also 5 kinds of deliverance, identical with the 5 kinds of overcoming (paha^na, q.v.).
”karma-result”, is any karmically (morally) neutral mental phenomenon (e.g. bodily agreeable or painful feeling, sense-consciousness, etc. ), which is the result of wholesome or unwholesome volitional action (karma, q.v.) through body, speech or mind, done either in this or some previous life. Totally wrong is the belief that, according to Buddhism, everything is the result of previous action. Never, for example, is any karmically wholesome or unwholesome volitional action the result of former action, being in reality itself karma. On this subject s. tittha^yatana, karma, Tab. I; Fund II. Cf. A. III, 101; Kath. 162 (Guide, p. 80).
Karma-produced (kammaja or kamma-samuttha^na) corporeal things are never called kamma-vipa^ka, as this term may be applied only to mental phenomena.
”aberration” or ”deviation”, may be: deviation from morality (si^la-vipatti), or deviation from understanding (ditthivipatti).
"To deviate in deeds, or in words, or in both deeds and words: this is called deviation from morality.
"”Alms and offerings are useless, there is no fruit and result of good and bad actions, there are no such things as this and the next life”.... Such wrong views are called deviation from understanding." (Pug. 67, 68)
”fading away”, detachment; absence of lust, dispassionateness. Appears frequently together with nirodha, ”cessation” (1) as a name for Nibba^na, (2) in the contemplations (a) forming the 4th tetrad in the exercises in mindfulness of breathing (s. a^na^pa^nasati 14), (b) of the 18 principal insights (No. 5); s. vipassana^.
According to Com., it may mean (1) the momentary destruction of phenomena, or (2) the ultimate ”fading away”, i.e. Nibba^na. In the aforementioned two contemplations, it means the understanding of both, and the path attained by such understanding.
”thought”, ”thought-conception”, is one of the ”secondary” (not constant) mental concomitants (s. Tab. II), and may be either karmically wholesome, unwholesome or neutral. - "There are 3 karmically unwholesome (akusala) thoughts: sensuous thought (ka^ma-vitakka), hating thought (bya^pa^da-v.), and cruel thought (vihimsa-v.). There are 3 karmically wholesome (kusala) thoughts: thought of renunciation (nekkhamma-v.), of hatelessness (avya^pa^da-v.), of not harming (avihimsa^-v.) " The latter three constitute ”right thought”, the 2nd link of the 8-fold Path (s. magga 2).
On the ”Removal of Distracting Thoughts” (vitakka-santha^na), s. M. 20 (tr. in WHEEL 21).
”absence of the cycle of existence” (vatta, q.v.), standstill of existence, is a name for Nibba^na (s. nibba^na). - (App.).
as a name for Nibba^na, seems to be found only in the Com.
”cleansing”, may refer either to (1) morality (si^la), or (2) concentration (sama^dhi), or (3) wisdom (pan~n~a^).
(1) "Cleansing of morality takes place in 2 ways: by understanding the misery of moral deviation (si^la-vipatti; s. vipatti) and by understanding the blessing of moral perfection (si^la-sampatti)" (s. Vis.M. I).
(2) Cleansing of concentration is concentration connected with progress (visesa-bha^giya-sama^dhi; s. ha^na-bha^giya). If, for example, one has entered the 1st absorption, and sensuous perceptions and reflections arise, in that case there is concentration connected with decline ... If, however, perceptions and reflections free from thought-conception and discursive thinking (2nd jha^na; q.v.) arise, in that case there is concentration connected with progress.
(3) Cleansing, with reference to wisdom, is identical with the ”insight leading to the (path) ascent” (vuttha^na-ga^mini^-vipassana^, q.v.), which arises at the stage of ”purification by knowledge and vision of the path-progress” (s. visuddhi VI), and is followed immediately by the maturity moment and the entrance into the supermundane paths.
s. pan~ca-voka^ra-bhava.
pan~ca-, catu-, and eka-v. (bhava), occur as technical terms only in the Abh. (Vibh., Yam., Patth.) and Com., e.g. Vis.M., but their substance is an integral part of the suttas.
lokiya (q.v.).
conditions, the 8: loka-dhamma (q.v.).
Jie
亦稱增上(卓越)戒學,指戒律。即防止行爲、語言、思想叁方面的過失。由于大小乘的不同,其戒律也有所不同。另外對出家的僧侶和在家的居士也有所區別。例如小乘有五戒、八戒、二百五十戒等;大乘有叁聚淨戒、十重四十八輕戒等。小乘五戒爲:殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、飲酒。八戒爲:在五戒外另加臥高廣大床、花鬘璎珞、歌舞戲樂。二百五十戒:即二百五十項應戒的言行細目,合並爲五項時,稱五篇門。大乘叁聚淨戒爲:攝律儀戒、攝善法戒、攝衆生戒。十重禁戒爲:殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、飲酒、說過罪、自贊毀他、悭、瞋、謗叁寶。四十八輕戒爲:不敬師長、不舉教忏、背正向邪、不瞻病苦等四十八項具體戒條。
”imperturbability”, denotes the immaterial sphere (arúpa^vacara; s. avacara); s. sankha^ra. cf. M.106.
1.”spheres”, is a name for the four immaterial absorptions; s. jha^na (5-8). 2. The 12 ”bases” or ”sources” on which depend the mental processes, consist of five physical sense-organs and consciousness, being the six personal (ajjhattika) bases; and the six objects, the so-called external (ba^hira) bases - namely:
eye, or visual organ visible object
ear, or auditory organ sound, or audible object
nose, or olfactory organ odour, or olfactive object
tongue, or gustatory organ taste, or gustative object
body, or tactile organ body-impression, or tactile object
mind-base, or consciousness mind-object
(mana^yatana) (dhamma^yatana)
"By the visual organ (cakkha^yatana) is meant the sensitive part of the eye (cakkhu-pasa^da) built up of the four elements ... responding to sense-stimuli" (sa-ppatigha).... (Vibh. II). Similar is the explanation of the four remaining physical sense-organs.
Mind-base (mana^yatana) is a collective term for all consciousness whatever, and should therefore not be confounded with the mind-element (mano-dha^tu; s. dha^tu II, 16), which latter performs only the functions of adverting (a^vajjana) to the sense-object, and of receiving (sampaticchana) the sense-object. On the functions of the mind, s. vin~n~a^na-kicca.
The visible object (rúpa^yatana) is described in Vibh. II as "that phenomenon which is built up of the four physical elements and appears as color, etc." What is” seen by-visual perception, i.e. by eye-consciousness (cakkhu-vin~n~a^na) are colors and differences of light, but not three dimensional bodily things.
”Mind-object-base” (dhamma^yatana) is identical with ”mind-object-element” (dhamma-dha^tu; s. dha^tu II) and dhamma^rammana (s. a^rammana). It may be physical or mental, past, present or future, real or imaginary.
The 5 physical sense-organs are also called faculties (indriya, q.v.), and of these faculties it is said in M. 43: "Each of the five faculties owns a different sphere, and none of them partakes of the sphere of another one;... they have mind as their support... are conditioned by vitality, ... but vitality again is conditioned by heat, heat again by vitality, just as the light and flame of a burning lamp are mutually conditioned."
The 12 bases are fully discussed in Vis.M. XV. In Yam III (s Guide, p 98f) the 12 terms are subjected to a logical investigation The six personal bases form the 5th link of dependent origination (paticca-samuppa^da 5, q.v.).