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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【415】vibhava

  ditthi  =  uccheda-ditthi;  s.  ditthi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【416】vica^ra

  ”discursive  thinking”;  s.  vitakka-vica^ra.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【417】viha^ra

  ”abode”  There  are  3  abodes:  the  heavenly  abode  (dibba-viha^ra),  the  divine  abode  (brahma-viha^ra,  q.v.),  the  noble  abode  (ariya-viha^ra).  See  A.  III,  63;  D.  33.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【418】vimutti

  ”deliverance”,  is  of  2  kinds:  deliverance  of  mind  (ceto-vimutti,  q.v.)  and  deliverance  through  wisdom  (pan~n~a^-vimutti,  q.v.).
”Deliverance  of  mind”,  in  the  highest  sense,  is  that  kind  of  concentration  (sama^dhi)  which  is  bound  up  with  the  path  of  Arahatship  (arahatta-magga);”deliverance  through  wisdom”  is  the  knowledge  (n~a^na)  bound  up  with  the  fruition  of  Arahatship  (arahatta-phala).  Cf.  A.  V,  142.
There  are  also  5  kinds  of  deliverance,  identical  with  the  5  kinds  of  overcoming  (paha^na,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【419】vipa^ka

  ”karma-result”,  is  any  karmically  (morally)  neutral  mental  phenomenon  (e.g.  bodily  agreeable  or  painful  feeling,  sense-consciousness,  etc.  ),  which  is  the  result  of  wholesome  or  unwholesome  volitional  action  (karma,  q.v.)  through  body,  speech  or  mind,  done  either  in  this  or  some  previous  life.  Totally  wrong  is  the  belief  that,  according  to  Buddhism,  everything  is  the  result  of  previous  action.  Never,  for  example,  is  any  karmically  wholesome  or  unwholesome  volitional  action  the  result  of  former  action,  being  in  reality  itself  karma.  On  this  subject  s.  tittha^yatana,  karma,  Tab.  I;  Fund  II.  Cf.  A.  III,  101;  Kath.  162  (Guide,  p.  80).
Karma-produced  (kammaja  or  kamma-samuttha^na)  corporeal  things  are  never  called  kamma-vipa^ka,  as  this  term  may  be  applied  only  to  mental  phenomena.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【420】vipatti

  ”aberration”  or  ”deviation”,  may  be:  deviation  from  morality  (si^la-vipatti),  or  deviation  from  understanding  (ditthivipatti).
"To  deviate  in  deeds,  or  in  words,  or  in  both  deeds  and  words:  this  is  called  deviation  from  morality.
"”Alms  and  offerings  are  useless,  there  is  no  fruit  and  result  of  good  and  bad  actions,  there  are  no  such  things  as  this  and  the  next  life”....  Such  wrong  views  are  called  deviation  from  understanding."  (Pug.  67,  68)

南傳佛教英文辭典 【421】vira^ga

  ”fading  away”,  detachment;  absence  of  lust,  dispassionateness.  Appears  frequently  together  with  nirodha,  ”cessation”  (1)  as  a  name  for  Nibba^na,  (2)  in  the  contemplations  (a)  forming  the  4th  tetrad  in  the  exercises  in  mindfulness  of  breathing  (s.  a^na^pa^nasati  14),  (b)  of  the  18  principal  insights  (No.  5);  s.  vipassana^.
According  to  Com.,  it  may  mean  (1)  the  momentary  destruction  of  phenomena,  or  (2)  the  ultimate  ”fading  away”,  i.e.  Nibba^na.  In  the  aforementioned  two  contemplations,  it  means  the  understanding  of  both,  and  the  path  attained  by  such  understanding.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【422】vitakka

  ”thought”,  ”thought-conception”,  is  one  of  the  ”secondary”  (not  constant)  mental  concomitants  (s.  Tab.  II),  and  may  be  either  karmically  wholesome,  unwholesome  or  neutral.  -  "There  are  3  karmically  unwholesome  (akusala)  thoughts:  sensuous  thought  (ka^ma-vitakka),  hating  thought  (bya^pa^da-v.),  and  cruel  thought  (vihimsa-v.).  There  are  3  karmically  wholesome  (kusala)  thoughts:  thought  of  renunciation  (nekkhamma-v.),  of  hatelessness  (avya^pa^da-v.),  of  not  harming  (avihimsa^-v.)  "  The  latter  three  constitute  ”right  thought”,  the  2nd  link  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga  2).
On  the  ”Removal  of  Distracting  Thoughts”  (vitakka-santha^na),  s.  M.  20  (tr.  in  WHEEL  21).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【423】vivatta

  ”absence  of  the  cycle  of  existence”  (vatta,  q.v.),  standstill  of  existence,  is  a  name  for  Nibba^na  (s.  nibba^na).  -  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【424】vivatta

  as  a  name  for  Nibba^na,  seems  to  be  found  only  in  the  Com.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【425】voda^na

  ”cleansing”,  may  refer  either  to  (1)  morality  (si^la),  or  (2)  concentration  (sama^dhi),  or  (3)  wisdom  (pan~n~a^).
(1)  "Cleansing  of  morality  takes  place  in  2  ways:  by  understanding  the  misery  of  moral  deviation  (si^la-vipatti;  s.  vipatti)  and  by  understanding  the  blessing  of  moral  perfection  (si^la-sampatti)"  (s.  Vis.M.  I).
(2)  Cleansing  of  concentration  is  concentration  connected  with  progress  (visesa-bha^giya-sama^dhi;  s.  ha^na-bha^giya).  If,  for  example,  one  has  entered  the  1st  absorption,  and  sensuous  perceptions  and  reflections  arise,  in  that  case  there  is  concentration  connected  with  decline  ...  If,  however,  perceptions  and  reflections  free  from  thought-conception  and  discursive  thinking  (2nd  jha^na;  q.v.)  arise,  in  that  case  there  is  concentration  connected  with  progress.
(3)  Cleansing,  with  reference  to  wisdom,  is  identical  with  the  ”insight  leading  to  the  (path)  ascent”  (vuttha^na-ga^mini^-vipassana^,  q.v.),  which  arises  at  the  stage  of  ”purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress”  (s.  visuddhi  VI),  and  is  followed  immediately  by  the  maturity  moment  and  the  entrance  into  the  supermundane  paths.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【426】voka^ra

  s.  pan~ca-voka^ra-bhava.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【427】voka^ra

  pan~ca-,  catu-,  and  eka-v.  (bhava),  occur  as  technical  terms  only  in  the  Abh.  (Vibh.,  Yam.,  Patth.)  and  Com.,  e.g.  Vis.M.,  but  their  substance  is  an  integral  part  of  the  suttas.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【428】worldly

  lokiya  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【429】worldly

  conditions,  the  8:  loka-dhamma  (q.v.).

中國百科全書 【430】戒(sila)

  Jie

  亦稱增上(卓越)戒學,指戒律。即防止行爲、語言、思想叁方面的過失。由于大小乘的不同,其戒律也有所不同。另外對出家的僧侶和在家的居士也有所區別。例如小乘有五戒、八戒、二百五十戒等;大乘有叁聚淨戒、十重四十八輕戒等。小乘五戒爲:殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、飲酒。八戒爲:在五戒外另加臥高廣大床、花鬘璎珞、歌舞戲樂。二百五十戒:即二百五十項應戒的言行細目,合並爲五項時,稱五篇門。大乘叁聚淨戒爲:攝律儀戒、攝善法戒、攝衆生戒。十重禁戒爲:殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、飲酒、說過罪、自贊毀他、悭、瞋、謗叁寶。四十八輕戒爲:不敬師長、不舉教忏、背正向邪、不瞻病苦等四十八項具體戒條。

南傳佛教英文辭典 【431】a^nen~ja

  ”imperturbability”,  denotes  the  immaterial  sphere  (arúpa^vacara;  s.  avacara);  s.  sankha^ra.  cf.  M.106.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【432】a^yatana

  1.”spheres”,  is  a  name  for  the  four  immaterial  absorptions;  s.  jha^na  (5-8).  2.  The  12  ”bases”  or  ”sources”  on  which  depend  the  mental  processes,  consist  of  five  physical  sense-organs  and  consciousness,  being  the  six  personal  (ajjhattika)  bases;  and  the  six  objects,  the  so-called  external  (ba^hira)  bases  -  namely:
eye,  or  visual  organ  visible  object
ear,  or  auditory  organ  sound,  or  audible  object
nose,  or  olfactory  organ  odour,  or  olfactive  object
tongue,  or  gustatory  organ  taste,  or  gustative  object
body,  or  tactile  organ  body-impression,  or  tactile  object
mind-base,  or  consciousness  mind-object
(mana^yatana)  (dhamma^yatana)

"By  the  visual  organ  (cakkha^yatana)  is  meant  the  sensitive  part  of  the  eye  (cakkhu-pasa^da)  built  up  of  the  four  elements  ...  responding  to  sense-stimuli"  (sa-ppatigha)....  (Vibh.  II).  Similar  is  the  explanation  of  the  four  remaining  physical  sense-organs.
Mind-base  (mana^yatana)  is  a  collective  term  for  all  consciousness  whatever,  and  should  therefore  not  be  confounded  with  the  mind-element  (mano-dha^tu;  s.  dha^tu  II,  16),  which  latter  performs  only  the  functions  of  adverting  (a^vajjana)  to  the  sense-object,  and  of  receiving  (sampaticchana)  the  sense-object.  On  the  functions  of  the  mind,  s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca.
The  visible  object  (rúpa^yatana)  is  described  in  Vibh.  II  as  "that  phenomenon  which  is  built  up  of  the  four  physical  elements  and  appears  as  color,  etc."  What  is”  seen  by-visual  perception,  i.e.  by  eye-consciousness  (cakkhu-vin~n~a^na)  are  colors  and  differences  of  light,  but  not  three  dimensional  bodily  things.
”Mind-object-base”  (dhamma^yatana)  is  identical  with  ”mind-object-element”  (dhamma-dha^tu;  s.  dha^tu  II)  and  dhamma^rammana  (s.  a^rammana).  It  may  be  physical  or  mental,  past,  present  or  future,  real  or  imaginary.
The  5  physical  sense-organs  are  also  called  faculties  (indriya,  q.v.),  and  of  these  faculties  it  is  said  in  M.  43:  "Each  of  the  five  faculties  owns  a  different  sphere,  and  none  of  them  partakes  of  the  sphere  of  another  one;...  they  have  mind  as  their  support...  are  conditioned  by  vitality,  ...  but  vitality  again  is  conditioned  by  heat,  heat  again  by  vitality,  just  as  the  light  and  flame  of  a  burning  lamp  are  mutually  conditioned."
The  12  bases  are  fully  discussed  in  Vis.M.  XV.  In  Yam  III  (s  Guide,  p  98f)  the  12  terms  are  subjected  to  a  logical  investigation  The  six  personal  bases  form  the  5th  link  of  dependent  origination  (paticca-samuppa^da  5,  q.v.).

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