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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 业(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 识(Vijnana) 无常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 结集(samgiti) 轮回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【433】acquired

  image  (during  concentration):  s.  nimitta,  sama^dhi,  kasina.

南传佛教英文辞典 【434】adherent

  upa^saka  (q.v.)

英汉对照词典 【435】AKUSHALA

Akushala  ==  恶业

Sanskrit  word.  It  means  bad  Karma.

英汉对照词典 【436】AMITABHA

Amitabha  ==  阿弥陀佛

Sanskrit  word,  literally  means  boundless  light  and  boundless  life.  He  is  the  Buddha  in  the  Land  of  Ultimate  Bliss  (Pure  Land),  in  which  all  beings  enjoy  unbounded  happiness.  Amitabha  has  forty-eight  great  vows  to  establish  and  adorn  his  Pure  Land.  People  also  recite  or  call  upon  his  name  by  the  time  of  dying  will  be  born  in  the  Land  of  Ultimate  Bliss  with  the  reception  by  Amitabha.  Amitabha  is  one  of  the  most  popular  and  well-known  Buddha  in  China.

英汉对照词典 【437】ANAGAMIN

Anagamin  ==  阿那含

see  Four  Fruition.

南传佛教英文辞典 【438】anussati

  ”recollection”,  meditation,  contemplation.  The  six  recollections  often  described  in  the  Suttas  (e.g.  A.  VI,  10,  25;  D.  33)  are:  (1)  recollection  of  the  Buddha,  (2)  his  Doctrine,  (3)  his  Community  of  noble  disciples,  (4)  of  morality,  (5)  liberality,  (6)  heavenly  beings  (buddha^nussati,  dhamma^nussati,  sangha^nussati,  si^la^nussati,  ca^ga^nussati,  devata^nussati).
(1)  "The  noble  disciple,  Maha^na^ma,  recollects  thus:  ”This  Blessed  One  is  holy,  a  fully  Enlightened  One,  perfected  in  wisdom  and  conduct,  faring  happily,  knower  of  the  worlds,  unsurpassed  leader  of  men  to  be  trained,  teacher  of  heavenly  beings  and  men,  a  Buddha,  a  Blessed  One.”
(2)  ”Well  proclaimed  by  the  Blessed  One  is  the  Doctrine  (dhamma),  directly  visible,  with  immediate  fruit,  inviting  investigation,  leading  on  to  Nibba^na,  to  be  comprehended  by  the  wise,  each  by  himself.”
(3)  ”Of  good  conduct  is  the  Community  (Sangha)  of  the  Blessed  One”s  disciples,  of  upright  conduct,  living  on  the  right  path,  performing  their  duties,  to  wit:  the  4  pairs  of  men  or  8  individuals  (s.  ariya  puggala).  This  Community  of  the  Blessed  One”s  disciples  is  worthy  of  offerings,  worthy  of  hospitality,  worthy  of  gifts,  worthy  of  reverence  with  raised  hands,  the  unsurpassed  field  for  doing  meritorious  deeds.”
(4)  "The  noble  disciple  further  recollects  his  own  morality  (si^la)  which  is  unbroken,  without  any  breach,  undefiled,  untarnished,  conducive  to  liberation,  praised  by  the  wise,  not  dependent  (on  craving  or  opinions),  leading  to  concentration.
(5)  "The  noble  disciple  further  recollects  his  own  liberality  (ca^ga)  thus:  ”Blessed  truly  am  I,  highly  blessed  am  I  who,  amongst  beings  defiled  with  the  filth  of  stinginess,  live  with  heart  free  from  stinginess,  liberal,  open-handed,  rejoicing  in  giving,  ready  to  give  anything  asked  for,  glad  to  give  and  share  with  others.”
(6)  "The  noble  disciple  further  recollects  the  heavenly  beings  (devata^):  ”There  are  the  heavenly  beings  of  the  retinue  of  the  Four  Great  Kings,  the  heavenly  beings  of  the  World  of  the  Thirty-Three,  the  Ya^madevas  ...  and  there  are  heavenly  beings  besides  (s.  deva).  Such  faith,  such  morality,  such  knowledge,  such  liberality,  such  insight,  possessed  of  which  those  heavenly  beings,  after  vanishing  from  here,  are  reborn  in  those  worlds,  such  things  are  also  found  in  me.”"  (A.  III,70;  VI,10;  XI,12).
"At  the  time  when  the  noble  disciple  recollects  the  Perfect  One  ...  at  such  a  time  his  mind  is  neither  possessed  of  greed,  nor  of  hate,  nor  of  delusion.  Quite  upright  at  such  a  time  is  his  mind  owing  to  the  Perfect  One  ...  With  upright  mind  the  noble  disciple  attains  understanding  of  the  sense,  understanding  of  the  law,  attains  joy  through  the  law.  In  the  joyous  one  rapture  arises.  With  heart  enraptured,  his  whole  being  becomes  stilled.  Stilled  within  his  being,  he  feels  happiness;  and  the  mind  of  the  happy  one  becomes  firm.  Of  this  noble  disciple  it  is  said  that  amongst  those  gone  astray,  he  walks  on  the  right  path,  among  those  suffering  he  abides  free  from  suffering.  Thus  having  reached  the  stream  of  the  law,  he  develops  the  recollection  of  the  Enlightened  One...."  (A.  VI,  10).
In  A.  I,  21  (PTS:  I,  xvi)  and  A.  I,  27  (PTS:  xx.  2)  another  4  recollections  are  added:  mindfulness  on  death  (marana-sati,  q.v.),  on  the  body  (ka^yagata^-.sati,  q.v.),  on  breathing  (a^na^pa^na-sati,  q.v.),  and  the  recollection  of  peace  (upasama^nussati,  q.v.).
The  first  six  recollections  are  fully  explained  in  Vis.M.  VII,  the  latter  four  in  Vis.M.  VIII.

南传佛教英文辞典 【439】Appendix

  
Attempt  at  a  chronological  fixing  of  terms  not  found,  or  not  found  in  this  form  or  meaning,  in  the  oldest  parts  of  the  Sutta  Pitaka.

南传佛教英文辞典 【440】atima^na

  ”superiority-conceit”;  s.  ma^na.

南传佛教英文辞典 【441】aversion

  (from  existence),  contemplation  of:  s.  vipassana^  (VI  .  5)

南传佛教英文辞典 【442】bhavanga

  sota  and  bhavanga  citta:  The  first  term  may  tentatively  be  rendered  as  the  ”undercurrent  forming  the  condition  of  being,  or  existence”,  and  the  second  as  ”subconsciousness”,  though,  as  will  be  evident  from  the  following,  it  differs  in  several  respects  from  the  usage  of  that  term  in  Western  psychology.  Bhavanga  (bhava-anga),  which,  in  the  canonical  works,  is  mentioned  twice  or  thrice  in  the  Pattha^na,  is  explained  in  the  Abhidhamma  commentaries  as  the  foundation  or  condition  (ka^rana)  of  existence  (bhava),  as  the  sine  qua  non  of  life,  having  the  nature  of  a  process,  lit.  a  flux  or  stream  (sota).  Herein,  since  time  immemorial,  all  impressions  and  experiences  are,  as  it  were,  stored  up,  or  better  said,  are  functioning,  but  concealed  as  such  to-  full  consciousness,  from  where  however  they  occasionally  emerge  as  subconscious  phenomena  and  approach  the  threshold  of  full  consciousness,  or  crossing  it  become  fully  conscious.  This  so-called  ”subconscious  life-stream”  or  undercurrent  of  life  is  that  by  which  might  be  explained  the  faculty  of  memory,  paranormal  psychic  phenomena,  mental  and  physical  growth,  karma  and  rebirth.  etc.  An  alternative  rendering  is  ”life-continuum”.
It  should  be  noted  that  bhavanga-citta  is  a  karma-resultant  state  of  consciousness  (vipa^ka,  q.v.),  and  that,  in  birth  as  a  human  or  in  higher  forms  of  existence,  it  is  always  the  result  of  good,  or  wholesome  karma  (kusala-kamma-vipa^ka),  though  in  varying  degrees  of  strength  (s.  patisandhi,  end  of  the  article).  The  same  holds  true  for  rebirth  consciousness  (patisandhi)  and  death  consciousness  (cuti),  which  are  only  particular  manifestations  of  subconsciousness.  In  Vis.M.  XIV  it  is  said:
"As  soon  as  rebirth-consciousness  (in  the  embryo  at  the  time  of  conception)  has  ceased,  there  arises  a  similar  subconsciousness  with  exactly  the  same  object,  following  immediately  upon  rebirth-consciousness  and  being  the  result  of  this  or  that  karma  (volitional  action  done  in  a  former  birth  and  remembered  there  at  the  moment  before  death).  And  again  a  further  similar  state  of  subconsciousness  arises.  Now,  as  long  as  no  other  consciousness  arises  to  interrupt  the  continuity  of  the  life-stream,  so  long  the  life-stream,  like  the  flow  of  a  river,  rises  in  the  same  way  again  and  again,  even  during  dreamless  sleep  and  at  other  times.  In  this  way  one  has  to  understand  the  continuous  arising  of  those  states  of  consciousness  in  the  life-stream."  Cf.  vin~n~a^na-kicca.  For  more  details,  s.  Fund.  11.  (App.).

英汉对照词典 【443】BHIKSUNI

Bhiksuni  ==  比丘尼

A  nun,  see  also  Bhiksu.

南传佛教英文辞典 【444】bondages

  mental:  cetaso  vinibandha  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【445】ca^ritta

  and  va^ritta  si^la:  ”morality  consisting  in  performance  and  morality  consisting  in  avoidance,”  means  "the  performance  of  those  moral  rules  which  the  Blessed  one  has  ordained  to  be  followed,  and  the  avoidance  of  those  things  that  the  Blessed  One  has  rejected  as  not  to  be  followed"  (Vis.M.  III).  -  (App.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【446】ca^ritta

  and  va^ritta-sila:  are  only  found  in  the  Com.,  as  Vis.M.  1,  etc.,  but  the  teaching  indicated  by  it  is  frequently  mentioned  in  the  old  sutta  texts  as  karani^ya  and  akarani^ya  (e.g.  A.  II,  16).

南传佛教英文辞典 【447】cemetery

  ascetic  practice  of  living  in  a  c.;  s.  dhutanga.

南传佛教英文辞典 【448】cetasika

  This  term  oceurs  often  in  the  old  sutta  texts,  but  only  as  adj.  (e.g.  cetasikam  sukham,  etc.)  or,  at  times,  used  as  a  sing.  neut.  noun  (e.g.  D.  1;  p.  213,  PTS).  As  a  designation  for  mental  factors,  or  concomitants  of  consciousness  (citta-sampayutta^  dhamma^),  it  is  frequently  met  with  in  Dhs.  (§  1189,  1512)  as  cetasika-dhamma,  while  in  Vis.M.,  Abh.  S.,  etc.,  cetasika  is  used  also  as  a  neuter  noun,  in  the  sense  of  mental  phenomenon.

南传佛教英文辞典 【449】cetasika

  ”mental  things,  mental  factors”,  are  those  mental  concomitants  which  are  bound  up  with  the  simultaneously  arising  consciousness  (citta  =  vin~n~a^na)  and  conditioned  by  its  presence  .  Whereas  in  the  Suttas  all  phenomena  of  existence  are  summed  up  under  the  aspect  of  5  groups:  corporeality,  feeling,  perception,  mental  formations,  consciousness  (s.  khandha),  the  Abhidhamma  as  a  rule  treats  them  under  the  more  philosophical  3  aspects:  consciousness,  mental  factors  and  corporeality  (citta,  cetasika,  rúpa).  Thus,  of  these  3  aspects,  the  mental  factors  (cetasika)  comprise  feeling,  perception  and  the  50  mental  formations,  altogether  52  mental  concomitants.  Of  these,  25  are  lofty  qualities  (either  karmically  wholesome  or  neutral),  14  karmically  unwholesome,  while  13  are  as  such  karmically  neutral,  their  karmical  quality  depending  on  whether  they  are  associated  with  wholesome,  unwholesome  or  neutral  consciousness.  For  details  s.  Tab.  II,  III.  Cf.  prec.  (App  .  )

南传佛教英文辞典 【450】clinging

  the  4  kinds  of:  upa^da^na  (q.v.).

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