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utu atta both catu gati hate hetu lust meat path peta sati talk ties tree unit agati amata ARHAT atta^ citta death doubt faith great ja^ti light merit METTA mirth pi^ti right satta sloth STUPA SUTRA vatta water " action ANATTA Arahat atappa beauty carita dha^tu ditthi eating EFFORT effort fixity forest gantha ghosts growth JATAKA khanti MANTRA MATTER matter method metta^ MUDITA object purity stains sugati taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita vatthu virati virtue agility anatta^ cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter created destiny devotee duggati emotion factors fetters HUA TOU insight ji^vita lahuta^ mastery matured mudita^ muduta^ neutral nimitta okkanti ottappa patched patigha perfect rapture reality rebirth samatha sammuti sassata sitting thought turning vimutti vipatti vitakka vivatta a^yatana adherent AMITABHA anussati atima^na ca^ritta cemetery cetasika departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fruition gotrabhú impurity interest kammanta KSATRIYA maintain MAITREYA MORALITY morality nibbatti not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice reaction sammatta sankhata santa^na serenity sucarita Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training ujukata^ uposatha upstream virility vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) acinteyya adhicitta akanittha anottappa asankhata attention avya^kata beautiful breathing cetokhila character CONDITION deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga duccarita dukkhata^ EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties formation immediate intention lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta nutriment obstacles pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha proximity ready wit SARIPUTRA SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS something ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA vinipa^ta aberration absorption ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates analytical antinomies appendants awakenment BODHISATTA Bodhisatta conception conditions contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment dibba sota ego entity elasticity enthusiasm equanimity EXTINCTION extinction femininity foundation functional generation impurities inducement intimation liberality liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation mutability opapa^tika paramattha patisandhi pattida^na productive puthujjana reflection repetition RIGHT VIEW sama^patti sensuality si^labbata sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness EIGHT WINDS enlightened foundations immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative intoxicants itthindriya kamma patha kamma vatta LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object origination pa^timokkha paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections personality preparatory realization RECOGNITION rúpa^yatana sala^yatana samuttha^na san~cetana^ si^vathika^ tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable uprightness vavattha^na 結集(samgiti) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dispensation dissociation fire element FOUR VIRTUES hate natured heat element hiri ottappa inclinations intoxicating ka^ma tanha^ kammattha^na karma result light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purification ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH santutthita^ SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry TEN PARAMITA THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM tranquillity TWELVE BASES twin miracle va^yo dha^tu vatthu ka^ma wind element 叁界(tridhatu) 鐵薩羅(Tissara) Abbreviations ahetuka citta anatta^ va^da anuloma citta attentiveness atthi paccaya birth process cakkhu dha^tu concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation contentedness deathlessness determination dhamma dha^tu dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta earth element ENLIGHTENMENT enlightenment FIVE PRECEPTS fixed destiny FOUR FRUITION hadaya vatthu imperfections investigating investigation ka^ya lahuta^ kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness lohita kasina material food mental action nimma^na rati oda^ta kasina pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence RIGHT THOUGHT sammuti sacca satipattha^na silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta tanha^ kkhaya THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT tittha^yatana TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES unconditioned understanding verbal action vipacitan~n~u vivatta kappa water element weighty karma 阿旃陀石窟(Ajanta) 舍衛城(Sravasti) 因明(Hetuvidya) a^ka^sa dha^tu abhibha^yatana ahetuka ditthi akiriya ditthi altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha auditory organ AVALOKITESVARA buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ citta santa^na citta visuddhi devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path frivolous talk greedy natured habitual karma kalya^na mitta katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth sahetuka citta samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS uccheda ditthi uggaha nimitta ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava va^ritta si^la vibhava tanha^ vigata paccaya visible object 大圓滿(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 叁谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana characteristics citta sankha^ra deluded natured ditth’upa^da^na ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS eternity belief FOUR GREAT VOWS gotrabhú n~a^na gustatory organ indriya samatta mental function mental obduracy natthika ditthi nihilistic view olfactory organ pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika sankhitta citta sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma tadanga paha^na TAKING PRECEPTS tatha^gata bala THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vitakka vica^ra 百論(Sata-sastra) 大藏經（tri-pitaka）法界(dharmadhatu) 極樂世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anantara paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series dukkha patipada^ EIGHT SUFFERINGS equality conceit faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations khandha santa^na life infatuation mano san~cetana^ mental formation monks’ community natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma nissaya nissita pan~n~a^ vimutti pindapa^tik’anga reversible merit RIGHT LIVELIHOOD round of rebirth santi^rana citta streams of merit supportive karma te ci^varik’anga THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS tiraccha^na yoni vaci^ vin~n~atti votthapana citta wheel of the law 經量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律經(Vinaya-sutra) 叁性(tri-svabhava) 四谛(catur-satyas) 吳哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nantarika kamma a^nupubbi^ katha^ ahirika anottappa anatta^nupassana^ animitta vimokkha ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS highest knowledge immaterial sphere ineffective karma kusala kammapatha mental advertence n~a^ta parin~n~a^ na^natta san~n~a^ NO STRIFE SAMADHI pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la parikamma nimitta paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga pureja^ta paccaya RIGHT REMEMBRANCE sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava SINGALOVADA SUTRA tatramajjhattata^ TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upagha^taka kamma vin~n~a^na tthiti youth infatuation 迦毗羅衛(Kapilavastu) 叁學(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika an~n~a^ta^vindriya asankha^rika citta atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava ceto pariya n~a^na corporeality group cycle of existence dha^tu vavattha^na hasituppa^da citta health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge meritorious action nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES SPHERE OF NO-THING tada^rammana citta tatra majjhattata^ ti^rana parin~n~a^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH vippayutta paccaya wheel of existence 佛所行贊(Buddhacarita) 解脫道論(Vimuttimagga) 四大(caturmahabhuta) 五種姓(panca-gotrani) alcohol prohibition anabhirati san~n~a^ analytical doctrine animitta^nupassana^ answering questions appanihita vimokkha attha patisambhida^ counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS FOUR UNLIMITED MIND fruits of monk life gradual instruction inferiority conceit intelligent natured lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka majjhima^ patipada^ one group existence RIGHT CONCENTRATION RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma yamaka pa^tiha^riya 阿底峽(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘經(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 約7世紀) 六足論(Satpada sastra) 說一切有部(Sarvastivada) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge akuppa^ ceto vimutti cemetery meditations cinta^ maya pan~n~a^ derived corporeality dhamma patisambhida^ dhamma tthiti n~a^na ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA manovinn~a^na dha^tu NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE niyata miccha^ditthi pa^rami^ pa^ramita^ paccha^ja^ta paccaya parami^ = pa^ramita^ pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process samvejani^ya ttha^na SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika UNCONDITIONED DHARMA VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘論(Mahayana sastra) 小乘論(Hinayana sastra) 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana animitta ceto vimutti antara^ parinibba^yi^ bhojane mattan~n~uta^ corporeality and mind death proximate karma dependent origination DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more mind and corporeality ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na produced corporeality pun~n~a kiriya vatthu questions and answers sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit ubhato bha^ga vimutta vi^thi = citta vi^thi vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana 梵網經(Brahmajala-sutra) 中論(Madhyamika-sastra) appama^na ceto vimutti bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa doctrine of the Buddha FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA ji^vita navaka kala^pa kamma samuttha^na rúpa resistance perceptions sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 長阿含經(Dirghagama-sutra) 楞伽經(Lankavatara-sutra) 緣起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala determining the reality FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成實論(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 法稱(Dharmakirti 約6~7世紀) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 四分律(Dharmagupta-vinaya) 月稱(Candrakirti 約7世紀中葉) ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI attainment concentration clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ego idea, ego perception multiformity perceptions pa^na^tipa^ta^ veramani^ paccaya sannissita si^la patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日經(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂護(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 約590~647) 十誦律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 無量壽經(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 雜阿含經(Samyuktagama-sutra) hate rooted consciousness independently enlightened indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提會(Maha Bodhi Society) 增一阿含經(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含經（Madh yamagama-sutra） a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION THREEFOLD BODY OF A BUDDHA uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 發智論(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍論(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教（Vietnamese Buddhism） balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS thought thought conception yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT 常樂我淨(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃經(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 觀無量壽經(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞嚴經(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩薩戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]雙提贊Khri－Sron－Lde－bTsan 瑜伽師地論(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) dittha dhamma vedani^ya kamma EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 中國佛教美術（Buddhist　art　in　China） ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 維摩經(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 大般若經(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 鈴木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法蓮華經(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度論(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa ▲ 收起

英漢對照詞典【433】TEN PARAMITA

Ten　　Paramita　　==　　十波羅蜜

see　　Paramita.

英漢對照詞典【434】THREE DOGMAS

Three　　Dogmas　　==　　叁谛

They　　are　　the　　Dogma　　of　　Void,　　Unreal　　and　　Mean.　　See　　also　　Three　　Meditations　　of　　One　　Mind.

英漢對照詞典【435】THREE JEWELS

Three　　Jewels　　==　　叁寶

Or　　the　　Three　　Precious　　Ones,　　i.e.　　the　　Buddha,　　the　　Dharma,　　and　　the　　Sangha.

英漢對照詞典【436】THREE REALMS

Three　　Realms　　==　　叁界

Sanskrit　　word　　is　　Trailokya.　　It　　is　　Buddhist　　metaphysical　　equivalence　　for　　the　　triple　　world　　of　　earth,　　atmosphere　　and　　heaven.
1.Realm　　of　　Sensusous　　Desire　　(Sanskrit　　word　　is　　Kamadhatu)　　of　　sex　　and　　food.　　It　　includes　　the　　Six　　Hevens　　of　　Desire,　　the　　Human　　World　　and　　the　　Hells.
2.Realm　　of　　Form　　(Sanskrit　　word　　is　　Rupaadhatu)　　of　　matter　　which　　is　　substantial　　and　　resistant.　　It　　includes　　the　　Heavens　　of　　Four　　Zen　　(Sanskrit　　word　　is　　Brahmalokas).
3.Realm　　of　　Formlessness　　(Sanskrit　　word　　is　　Arupadhatu)　　of　　pure　　spirit,　　where　　there　　are　　no　　bodies　　and　　matters　　to　　which　　human　　terms　　would　　apply,　　but　　where　　the　　mind　　dwells　　in　　mystic　　contemplation;　　its　　extent　　is　　indefinable,　　but　　it　　is　　conceived　　of　　in　　Four　　Stages/Places　　of　　Emptiness　　in　　the　　immaterial　　world.

英漢對照詞典【437】THREE WISDOM

Three　　Wisdom　　==　　叁智（一切智、道種智、一切種智）

There　　are　　three　　kinds　　of　　wisdom:　　
1.Sravaka　　and　　Praetyka-Buddha　　knowledge　　that　　all　　the　　Dharmas　　or　　laws　　are　　void　　and　　unreal　　
2.Bodhisattva　　knowledge　　of　　all　　things　　in　　proper　　discrimination　　
3.Buddha　　knowledge　　or　　perfect　　knowledge　　of　　all　　things　　in　　their　　every　　aspect　　and　　relationship　　past,　　present　　and　　future.
In　　Tien　　Tai　　Sect,　　the　　Three　　Wisdom　　is　　associated　　with　　the　　Three　　Dogmas　　of　　Void,　　Unreal　　and　　Mean.

南傳佛教英文辭典【438】tranquillity

　　(of　　mind):　　s.　　samatha,　　samatha-vipassana^,　　bha^vana^,　　bojjhanga.　　-　　”One　　who　　has　　taken　　t.　　as　　his　　vehicle”:　　samathaya^nika　　(q.v.).

英漢對照詞典【439】TWELVE BASES

Twelve　　Bases　　==　　十二處

The　　Six　　Internal　　Bases　　and　　the　　Six　　External　　Bases　　are　　together　　called　　the　　Twelve　　Bases.　　Base　　implies　　the　　meaning　　of　　germinating　　and　　nourishing.　　All　　mental　　activities　　are　　germinated　　and　　nourished　　from　　these　　Twelve　　Bases.

南傳佛教英文辭典【440】twin miracle

　　yamaka-pa^tiha^riya　　(q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典【441】va^yo dha^tu

”wind-element”;　　s.　　dha^tu.

南傳佛教英文辭典【442】vatthu ka^ma

”objective　　sensuality”,　　the　　5　　sense-objects;　　s.　　ka^ma.

南傳佛教英文辭典【443】wind element

　　va^yo-dha^tu　　(s.　　dha^tu).

中國百科全書【444】叁界(tridhatu)

　　Sanjie

　　佛教術語。即欲界、色界、無色界。界，義爲類別。叁界又可總分爲有情界（有情識的生物）和器世界（處所）兩類，而以有情界爲主體。叁界是據有情所造善、惡業及修不同定業所感苦、樂、色、無色等不同果報而建立的。如“叁界衆生，輪回六趣”即此義。

　　1、欲界。欲指財、色、名、食、睡五欲。主要指男女色欲。“男女參居，多諸染欲，故曰欲界。”欲界有五趣十二處。趣，義爲趣向，五趣指有情生死，有五個去處，即地獄，畜生、餓鬼、人及六欲天，所以又稱五趣雜居地。又有佛、菩薩來此度生及有修行成聖果者，又稱凡聖同居地。其中地獄有等活、黑繩、衆合、號叫、大叫、炎熱、大熱、無間等八處，加上畜生、餓鬼爲十惡趣。人有南贍部洲、東勝身洲、西牛貨洲、北俱盧洲等四處。天有四天王天、叁十叁天、夜摩天、睹史多天、樂變化天、他化自在天等六處。人天合爲十善趣。此立足于人，地獄在下，最底層是無間地獄；天在上，他化自天位居最上。

　　2、色界。位于欲界之上，爲離欲的衆生所居。色，義爲物質。“宮殿高大，是色化生，故名色界。”色界有四靜慮十七天。靜慮即平靜思慮的禅定境界，四靜慮天即有情依成就禅定的深淺所感的不同果報，有四級處所。初靜慮叁天（梵衆、梵輔、大梵），二靜慮叁天（少光、天量光、極光淨），叁靜慮叁天（少淨、無量淨、遍淨），四靜慮八天（無雲、福生、廣果、無煩、無熱、善現、善見、色究竟）。此八天中前叁天是凡夫所居，次五天爲聖者所居，聖者煩惱清淨，又稱五淨居天。是爲凡聖分居地。

　　3、無色界。在色界之上。爲無形色衆生所居。“但有四心，無色形質，故名無色界。”無色界有空無邊處，識無邊處，無所有處，非想非非想處。此四皆以不同定心境界立名。無色界無處所，有情在某地修某空定成就，舍色身後，即于是處入某空處。由于無物質形態，又名四空天。此叁界總爲一個世界。大乘佛教認爲宇宙之中有無數這樣的世界。（劉明淵）

中國百科全書【445】鐵薩羅(Tissara)

　　Tiesaluo

　　師子國（今斯裏蘭卡）比丘尼。南朝宋元嘉十年（433）帶領十位比丘尼隨該國船主難提到中國建康（今南京），應景福寺尼慧果和淨音之請，于元嘉十一年在南林寺設壇傳戒，請僧伽跋摩爲傳戒師，爲叁百余尼僧重受具足戒。創中國尼僧如律如法從二部僧衆受比丘尼戒之始。中國婦女出家爲尼者，東漢時阿潘出家，僅受叁歸依；其後受具足戒者，始于東晉洛陽竹林寺淨檢尼等從昙摩羯多受戒，但僅系一邊授戒，並非全戒。故元嘉六年師子國比丘尼八人來建康時，曾詢及中國尼僧受戒情況，認爲戒本從僧而發，雖二衆不全，以從權之故，無妨尼僧得戒。如能重受，當然更好。先是慧果、淨音等尼曾請求求那跋摩主持爲她們重行受戒，求那跋摩也認爲如律重受更好，但師子國比丘尼不滿十人，而且正在學習漢語，最好是再行邀請外國比丘尼前來，湊足十人之數，不久求那跋摩去世，直到鐵薩羅等十一尼來後，方改請僧伽跋摩主持傳戒，但遭到祗洹寺慧義的反對，認爲無需重受。僧伽跋摩幾經和慧義辯論，終于說服慧義，而且還派遣他的弟子慧基等人參與傳戒儀式。（童玮）

南傳佛教英文辭典【446】Abbreviations

A.　　 Anguttara　　Nikáya　　(figures　　refer　　to　　number　　of　　book　　(nipáta)　　and　　Sutta)
Abh.　　　　Abhidhamma　　Pitaka　　(Canon)
Abh.　　S.　　　　Abhidhammattha　　Sangaha
Abh.　　St.　　　　Abhidhamma　　Studies,　　by　　Nyanaponika　　Thera　　(BPS)
App.　　　　Appendix　　at　　the　　end　　of　　this　　book
Atthasálini　　　　(Com.　　to　　Dhammasangani)
Atthasálini　　Tr.　　　　The　　Expositor,　　tr.　　by　　Maung　　Tin.　　PTS　　Tr.　　Series
Boehtl.　　　　Otto　　Boehtlingk,　　Sanskrit-W?rterbuch
BPS　　　　Buddhist　　Publication　　Society,　　Kandy
CNid.　　　　Cúla　　Niddesa
Com.　　　　Commentary
D.　　　　Dígha　　Nikáya　　(figures:　　number　　of　　Sutta)
Dhp.　　　　Dhammapada
Dhs.　　　　Dhammasangani
Fund.　　　　Fundamentals　　of　　Buddhism,　　Nyanatiloka　　(BPS)
Guide　　　　Guide　　through　　the　　Abhidhamma　　Pitaka,　　Nyanatiloka,　　3rd　　ed.　　1971　　(BPS)
It.　　　　Itivuttaka
Kath.　　　　Kathávatthu
Khp.　　　　Khuddakapátha
Khp.　　Tr.　　　　Minor　　Readings　　&　　Illustrator,　　tr.　　(of　　Khp.&　　Com)　　by　　?ánamoli　　Thera.
PTS　　Tr.　　　　Series
M.　　　　Majjhima　　Nikáya　　(figures:　　number　　of　　Sutta)
MNid.　　　　Mahá　　Niddesa
Mil.　　　　Milinda　　Pa?há
Path　　　　Path　　to　　Deliverance,　　Nyanatiloka　　(BPS)　　(figures:　　paragraphs)
Patth.　　　　Patthána
Pts.M.　　　　Patisambhidá　　Magga
PTS　　　　Páli　　Text　　Society”s　　editions
Pug.　　　　Puggala-Pa??atti　　(figures:　　paragraphs)
R.　　Und.　　　　Right　　Understanding,　　tr.　　(of　　M.　　9　　&　　Com.)　　by　　Soma　　Thera　　(BPS)
S.　　　　Samyutta　　Nikáya　　(figures:　　numbers　　of　　Samyutta　　and　　Sutta)
Sn.　　　　Sutta　　Nipáta　　(figures　　numbers　　of　　verses)
Tab.　　　　Table　　at　　the　　end　　of　　the　　book
Therag.　　　　Theragáthá
Tr.　　　　Translation
Vibh.　　　　Vibhanga
Vis.M.　　　　Visuddhi　　Magga　　(figures　　numbers　　of　　chapter　　&　　the　　paragraphing　　in　　Path　　of　　Purification,　　tr.　　by　　?ánamoli　　Thera,　　3rd　　ed.,　　BPS)
WHEEL　　　　THE　　WHEEL　　publ.　　by　　BPS
W.of　　B.　　　　The　　Word　　of　　the　　Buddha,　　Nyanatiloka　　(BPS)
Yam.　　　　Yamaka

南傳佛教英文辭典【447】ahetuka citta

　　s.　　hetu.

南傳佛教英文辭典【448】anatta^ va^da

　　the　　”doctrine　　of　　impersonality”;　　s.　　anatta^.

南傳佛教英文辭典【449】anuloma citta

”adaptation-moment　　of　　consciousness”,　　denotes　　the　　third　　of　　the　　4　　moments　　of　　impulsion　　(javana,　　q.v.)　　flashing　　up　　immediately　　before　　either　　reaching　　the　　absorptions　　(jha^na,　　q.v.)　　or　　the　　supermundane　　paths　　(s.　　ariya-puggala).　　These　　4　　moments　　of　　impulsion　　are:　　the　　preparation　　(parikamma),　　access　　(upaca^ra),　　adaptation　　(anuloma)　　and　　maturity　　(gotrabhú)　　moments.　　For　　further　　details,　　s.　　javana,　　gotrabhú.

南傳佛教英文辭典【450】attentiveness

　　attention,　　mindfulness;　　s.　　sati,　　satipattha^na.

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