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sel sex alms dosa ends gems lust rise sati ties adosa ASURA asura bases bonds cause chaos doors issa^ RAKSA rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA vasi^ YAKSA yokes a^sava abodes access asekha beings BHIKSU biases course elders escape floods forest ghosts gnosis groups jewels kasina kilesa kusala misery phassa planes powers samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints truths tusita usages VAISYA WISDOM wisdom a^ka^sa absence ahimsa^ AKUSALA akusala anusaya arising cankers desana^ destiny disease factors fetters HSU YUN insight KUSHALA mastery message nissaya obha^sa remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a 戒(sila) AKUSHALA anussati aversion BHIKSUNI bondages cetasika delusion elements extremes fatalism gladness grasping influxes interest KSATRIYA not self opposite postures progress sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness upa^saka uposatha upstream vimamsa^ visuddhi 谛(satya) 空(sunya) asankhata avihimsa^ boundless cosmogony domanassa dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties FIVE EYES happiness impulsion lightness mind base obstacles SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti sarana treasures upa^sika^ vanishing YASODHARA a^bhassara abhisamaya absorption aggregates ALMSGIVING antinomies appendants asmi ma^na bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conditions dibba sota elasticity enthusiasm expression few wishes FOUR SEALS hindrances impression impurities ka^ma^sava low speech MAHASATTVA messengers obduracies para^ma^sa patisandhi repression sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa TEN POWERS tendencies TWO DEATHS unshakable upakkilesa vesa^rajja vipalla^sa vipassana^ 不害(ahimsa) abstentions ahosi kamma alms giving ANAPANASATI anupassana^ ariya sacca ariya vamsa association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life co nascence corruptions defilements destruction dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS foundations inseparable intoxicants khi^na^sava kusala múla LOTUS SUTRA manasika^ra mindfulness NINE REALMS perfections personality perversions pure abodes sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo kasina THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS unwholesome uprightness wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 结集(samgiti) 轮回(samsara) a^savakkhaya body witness covetousness dispensation dissociation dry visioned FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES harmlessness homelessness inclinations ka^ya sakkhi karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes pakati si^la pan~ca si^la pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purisindriya radiant gods recollectons restlessness RIGHT SPEECH sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry subconscious suddha^va^sa supermundane THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM TWELVE BASES viveka sukha 佛教(Buddhism) 僧伽制度(samgha) 铁萨罗(Tissara) a^loka kasina Abbreviations abhisankha^ra attentiveness BHAISAJYAGURU birth process companionship comprehension consciousness contentedness dasa pa^rami^ deathlessness demons’ realm disappearance FIVE BHIKSHUS FIVE OFFENCES FIVE PRECEPTS FIVE SKANDHAS FIVE VEHICLES fixed destiny higher wisdom imperfections investigating investigation karma process loathsomeness lohita kasina noble persons oda^ta kasina patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence sa^vaka bodhi sakada^ga^mi^ sammuti sacca samvara si^la sasankha^rika satipattha^na shamelessness silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta susa^nik’anga THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES understanding voha^ra sacca 大史(Mahavamsa) 岛史(Diqavamsa) 迦腻色迦(Kaniska) 马鸣(Asvaghosa) 舍卫城(Sravasti) a^ka^sa dha^tu altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta AVALOKITESVARA Buddha sa^sana buddha^nussati citta santa^na citta visuddhi dasaka kala^pa desirelessness devata^nussati dhamma desana^ dhamma^nussati eka^sanik’anga foolish babble frivolous talk kusala vipa^ka marana^nussati saddha^nusa^ri sahetuka citta samudaya sacca samvara suddhi samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS upekkha^ sukha va^ritta si^la visible object 大圆满(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 三谛(tri-satyas) a^loka san~n~a^ a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka anicca san~n~a^ appama^na subha characteristics citta sankha^ra dhamma^nusa^ri^ ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS FIVE MESSENGERS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta ka^ya passaddhi loving kindness misapprehension naya vipassana^ nihilistic view nissaya paccaya pamsukúlik’anga pathavi^ kasina sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika samma^ sambodhi sankhitta citta sapada^nik’anga sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt self confidence SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma TAKING PRECEPTS THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vaci^ sankha^ra vaya^nupassana^ voha^ra desana^ 百论(Sata-sastra) 法护(Dharmaraksa) 极乐世界(sukhavati) 支娄迦谶(Lokaksema) a^sevana paccaya abbhoka^sik’anga anatta^ san~n~a^ appana^ sama^dhi assa^sa passa^sa AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series EIGHT SUFFERINGS FOUR HOLY REALMS ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya^nupassana^ karma formations khandha santa^na khaya^nupassana^ maha^ vipassana^ mano san~cetana^ monks’ community nava satta^va^sa nissaya nissita reversible merit samma^ ppadha^na samvara padha^na santi^rana citta sensuous craving SIX SENSE-ORGANS streams of merit sukkha vipassaka supportive karma THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS 经量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律经(Vinaya-sutra) 三性(tri-svabhava) 释迦牟尼 (Sakyamuni) 四谛(catur-satyas) adhisi^la sikkha^ anatta^nupassana^ anicca^nupassana^ ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma dhamma^nupassana^ disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa dukkha^nupassana^ eye consciousness FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR FEARLESSNESS FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS FOURFOLD ASSEMBLY highest knowledge immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha manopadosika deva na^natta san~n~a^ nissarana paha^na NO STRIFE SAMADHI non disappearance pa^risuddhi si^la pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paricchinna^ka^sa paticcasamuppa^da sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava sensuous clinging SINGALOVADA SUTRA SIX CONSCIOUSNESS SIX PSYCHIC POWER sudassa sudassi^ suppressive karma TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upaca^ra sama^dhi vedana^nupassana^ 迦毗罗卫(Kapilavastu) 三学(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika asankha^rika citta cycle of existence domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta marana^sanna kamma meritorious action nirodha sama^patti nirodha^nupassana^ parikamma sama^dhi patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES somanassúpavica^ra SPHERE OF NO-THING TWO FORMS OF DEATH unconscious beings upanissaya paccaya vipassanúpakkilesa vira^ga^nupassana^ wheel of existence yoniso manasika^ra 莲花生(Padmasambhava) 无著(Asanga 约4或5世纪) 最澄(Saicho 767~822) anabhirati san~n~a^ animitta^nupassana^ answering questions ANUPADISESA-NIBBANA attha patisambhida^ death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS fruits of monk life gradual instruction kilesa parinibba^na lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka one group existence red kasina exercise RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta san~n~a^ vipalla^sa sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS viriya sambojjhanga 阿底峡(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘经(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 约7世纪) 六足论(Satpada sastra) 清净道论(Visuddhimagga) 说一切有部(Sarvastivada) access concentration cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE paccavekkhana suddhi pubbeniva^sa^nussati pun~n~a^bhisankha^ra regenerating process sama^dhi parikkha^ra samvejani^ya ttha^na SA-UPADISESA-NIBBANA SIX FIELDS OF SENSES SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘论(Mahayana sastra) 荣西(Eisai 1141~1215) 小乘论(Hinayana sastra) 源信(Genshin 942~1017) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana anupa^disesa nibba^na apun~n~a^bhisankha^ra deluded consciousness DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi indriya samvara si^la n’eva sekha n’a^sekha nine abodes of beings ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na questions and answers REALM OF FORMLESSNESS sacca^nulomika n~a^na sama^dhi sambojjhanga SIX HEAVENS OF DESIRE sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit upekkha^ sambojjhanga visesa bha^giya si^la 朝鲜佛教(Korean Buddhism) 梵网经(Brahmajala-sutra) 觉音(Buddhaghosa 5世纪中叶) 莲花戒(Kamalasila ?~780) 世亲(Vasubandhu 约4或5世纪) 印度佛教(Indian Buddhism) 中论(Madhyamika-sastra) abhisama^ca^rika si^la bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa desire for deliverance desireless deliverance FIVE FORMS OF DECAYING FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA kamma samuttha^na rúpa khidda padosika^ deva^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi orambha^giya samyojana passaddhi sambojjhanga prescribed moral rules resistance perceptions sa upa^disesa nibba^na sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS unshakable deliverance viparina^ma^nupassana^ 长阿含经(Dirghagama-sutra) 超戒寺(Vikramasilavihara) 楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra) 亲鸾(Shinran 1173~1262) 缘起(pratitya-samutpada) 中国佛教(Chinese Buddhism) dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS FOUR IMMEASURABLE MINDS NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga sankha^rupekkha^ n~a^na si^la sama^dhi pan~n~a^ SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成实论(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 大乘佛教(Mahayana Byddhism) 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 日本佛教(Japanese Buddhism) a^dibrahmacariyaka si^la ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI asankha^ra parinibba^yi^ bhanga^nupassana^ n~a^na clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ka^ma sukh’allika^nuyoga multiformity perceptions paccaya sannissita si^la paricchinna^ka^sa kasina patibha^na patisambhida^ REALM OF SENSUOUS DESIRE sacchikarani^ya^ dhamma^ uddhambha^giya samyojana verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日经(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂护(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 约590~647) 戒贤(Silabhadra 约528~651 ) 摩诃僧祇律(Mahasangha-vinaya) 尼泊尔佛教(Nepalese Buddhism) 十诵律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 实叉难陀(Siksananda 652~710) 无量寿经(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 杂阿含经(Samyuktagama-sutra) a^ji^va pa^risuddhi si^la adukkha m asukha^ vedana^ hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi nibbida^nupassana^ n~a^na pa^risuddhi padha^niyanga pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness sama^dhi vippha^ra^ iddhi SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA sasankha^ra parinibba^yi^ spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA vanishing and reappearing VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文学(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提会(Maha Bodhi Society) 昙无谶(Dharmaksema 385~433) 增一阿含经(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含经(Madh yamagama-sutra) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu dhamma vicaya sambojjhanga functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 发智论(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍论(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教(Vietnamese Buddhism) a^di^nava^nupassana^ n~a^na balance of mental faculties PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建筑(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT udayabbaya^nupassana^ n~a^na 常乐我净(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃经(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 观无量寿经(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞严经(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩萨戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]双提赞Khri-Sron-Lde-bTsan 瑜伽师地论(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 斯里兰卡佛教(Buddhism in Sri Lanka) 中国佛教美术(Buddhist art in China) adhipan~n~a^ dhamma vipassana^ ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 维摩经(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 村上专精(Murakami Senjo 1851~1928) 大般若经(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 铃木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法莲华经(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中国佛教音乐(Buddhist music in China) patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度论(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana 胜鬘经(Srimala-devi simhanada-sutra) 望月信亨(Mochizuki Shinko 1869~1948) a^ha^ra ja (or-samuttha^na) - rúpa magga^magga n~a^nadassana visuddhi NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯识论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 东南亚佛教(Buddhism in South East Asia) EIGHT DIVISIONS OF GODS AND DRAGONS 高楠顺次郎(Takakusu Junjiro 1866~1945) 解深密经(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 摄大乘论(Mahayana-samuparigraha-sastra) 中国佛学院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 达斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) 大乘起信论(Maha yana-Sraddhotpada-sastra) 大毗婆沙论(Abhidharma-mahavibhasa-sastra) 欧美佛教(Buddhism in America and Europe) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION 般若波罗蜜多心经(Prajna-paramita-hrdaya-sutra) FOUR WAYS (OF LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 杂阿毗昙心论(Samyuktabhidharma-hrdaya-sastra) TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金刚经(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 异部宗轮论(Samayabhedo-paracanacak-ra-sastra) 华严经(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 三十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中国佛教协会(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral thiti bha^giya si^la, sama^dhi, pan~n~a^ FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 大方等大集经(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) SPHERE OF NEITHER-PERCEPTION-NOR-NON-PERCEPTION 阿弥陀经(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 李斯·戴维斯,T·W·(Thomas Williams Rhys Davids 1843~1922) 唯识二十论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯识三十颂(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 马拉拉塞克拉,G·P·(Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera 1899~1973) 国际佛教研究协会(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【469】visible object

  s.  a^yatana.

中国百科全书 【470】大圆满(mahasanti)

  Dayuanman

  藏传佛教宁玛派的最高法门。指当前离垢的明空晶莹的自证智阿底瑜伽乘。由于生死涅槃的一切法皆圆满具足于这一空智之中,故名圆满;又解脱生死的方便更无超胜此法者,故名为大。

  大圆满法门分心部、界部和要门部三种,以要门部为最高。要门部又分外、内、秘密和无上四部。无上要门部又称自性大圆满心髓金刚藏乘,简称大圆宁提(心髓)。宁提的传承有两系:一系是由吉祥师子传莲花生,再传空行女智慧海王,名空行宁提;另一系是由吉祥师子传智经、无垢友,名上师宁提。两派理论大致相同,仅修法略有区别。宁提法中又分立断和顿超两部,后者以前者为依。只修前者即身也可化为微尘而成佛,但对外迷乱相地石山岩等不能净化,且修道时仍以粗脉风为依,不能成就光明身,现生不能达究竟极地。顿超法则现生能证光明身而得大迁转身,亦称童瓶身,成办广大利生事业,所得天眼、神足、寿命等自在通力,无量无边。故在宁提中又以顿超法为最究竟。

  此法门的理论根据为《阿毗达磨大乘经》的“无始时来界,一切法等依,由此有诸趣,及涅槃证得”一颂。它建立本初元体自然智为一切法依,其本体空分如虚空即法身;本性显了分如日月即报身;大悲周遍分如日月光华即化身。故三身在本分上完全具足,而三界众生为业力所蔽,颠倒迷乱,对此所依实相不能了知,因而轮回六趣。本部法中对三脉四轮的建立与其余下部各金刚乘同,但不用为修法之依据。另有不共的四大殊胜脉为光明住处,即迦底大金脉、如白丝线脉、细旋脉和晶管脉。最后一脉连结心眼而在心脏中央又有光明脉放光照明一切细脉,即如来藏周遍之义,亦即《宝性论》所说的一切有情常具的佛性。本部的修法也和一般真言乘相同,分为能成熟的灌顶和能解脱的修持两部分。灌顶有四,即外有戏论宝瓶灌顶、内无戏论秘密灌顶、极无戏论慧智灌顶和最极无戏论辞句灌顶。四者依次能除身障、语障、意障和所知障。解脱道又分前行和不共正行,前行又分共和不共。正行为实修方法与一切生起次第、圆满次第皆不相同,摒弃一切以意识审察名言重习为性的修习,故名不共。其内容大致为初步指示身、语、心三要。身要有三种(或五种)姿势,即法身狮子奋迅势、报身大象眠卧势、化身仙人蹲踞势等。其次再指示根门要、缘境要、息风要、证智要等以看光明。依此修持,则法性现量光明、证受增长光明、证智充量光明和法性穷尽光明即可逐次显现。法性穷尽光明又有渐尽和顿尽的分别,此光明现前时,即证极果。此时五身五智刹那圆满,谓心一境性远离戏论即是法身,自显无执即报身,现种种境即化身,遣八聚识即菩提身,界无迁变即金刚身。又,远离缘虑戏论即法身智,显了无障即圆镜智,住平等味即平等性智,所显五光无杂即妙观察智,能所二取(根境)皆化光明即成所作智。此法证果的期限,据称如能在冢间、空谷、洲、渚等极寂静处如法观修,一般上根三年,中根五年,下根七年,即可使内外质碍之境皆化光明,即于自显色究竟处法身普贤法性土中现证佛位。此时可随行者意愿而有两种成就。一种为愿以现身成办广大利生事业,寿命无边尽三有际,可证取大迁转身,如水中月,虽有显色而无触色,如大阿阇黎莲花生及无垢友,能在一刹那中示现无量不思议神通;一种为光明道圆满时,即化光明身至法界本初地任运成就三身五智,以加持力于报身及化身刹土、三界六趣之中示现无边色身,广作饶益圣凡有情事业。

  大圆满法门的传承,相传始于乌苌的极喜金刚,一传妙吉祥友,再传汉人吉禅师子,三传莲花生、无垢友等而传入西藏,以后历代相传至今。并形成几个流派。14世纪,隆钦饶绛巴进行系统的整理和总结,著书263部,最著名者为“七宝藏论”、“三休息论”、“三解脱论”,受到各派学者的重视。此法因未见在印度流传,藏传佛教后弘期开始后,也有一些译师、大德表示怀疑。但法贤、大悲精进、自然金刚、乌金巴、世尊剑、日幢、白莲、勇学鬘等各派大德都认为纯正。格鲁派创始人宗喀巴亦认为纯正佛法,至第五世达赖更学修此法,宣讲、造论,建立旧派寺院多处加以弘扬。(郭元兴)

中国百科全书 【471】二谛(twi-satyas)

  Erdi

  即真谛和俗谛。又称第一义谛、世俗谛,或名胜义谛与名言谛。真俗二谛,中观派的基本思想是缘起性空论,认为世间出世间万事万物,都是由众多因素相依相持而形成的,是有,称假有,这就是世俗谛,没有独立不变的自性,是空,称性空,这就是真谛,所以真俗二谛,就是空、有二谛。这是就外在的物境而言。若以主观认识而论,谓世俗谛是有,这是世间一般人的常识见解;言真谛为空是二乘圣者特有的超世见解。实际上,说有不住有,谈空不落空,空有无碍,才是真俗二谛的正观。又世俗谛的有,是世间万事万物的现象;真谛的空,是世间万事万物的本性。缘起才能性空,性空才能缘起,缘起与性空实际是一种事物的两个方面,相反相成,对立而统一。所以缘起就是性空,性空就是缘起。如《般若经》中说:色即是空,空即是色,不二而二,二而不二。大乘佛教各宗,因为传承或立论方法不同,对二谛的解释也各不相同。有的认为二谛是理,有的认为二谛是教。天台宗认为二谛或三谛是真实不虚的谛理,故云:“三谛者,天然之性德也。”三论宗认为真俗二谛是两种真实不虚的言教:“二谛者,盖是言教之通诠,相待之假称……唯是教门,不关境理。”

中国百科全书 【472】三谛(tri-satyas)

  Sandi

  即空谛、假谛、中道谛。佛教天台宗所立的谛理。认为一切事物都由因缘而生,没有永恒不变的实体,叫做空谛;一切事物其中虽无永恒不变的实体,却有如幻如化的相貌,叫做假谛;这些都不出法性,不待造作而有,叫做中道谛。一切事物,皆不出此空、假、中三谛的范畴,故称为三谛之理。《始终心要》说:“三谛者,天然之性德也,中谛者统一切法,真谛者泯一切法,假谛者立一切法。”又此三谛,圆融无碍,一即是三,三即是一。如观空时,无假无中无不空白;观假时,无空无中无不假;观中道时,无空无假无不中,名为圆融三谛。《中观论·四谛品》说:“因缘所生法,我说即是空,亦为是假名,亦是中道义”。此偈被认为是圆融三谛的出处。

南传佛教英文辞典 【473】a^loka san~n~a^

”perception  of  light”....
The  recurring  canonical  passage  reads:  
"Here  the  monk  contemplates  the  perception  of  light.  He  fixes  his-mind  to  the  perception  of  the  day;  as  at  day-time  so  at  night,  and  as  at  night,  so  in  the  day.  In  this  way,  with  a  mind  clear  and  unclouded,  he  develops  a  stage  of  mind  that  is  full  of  brightness."
It  is  one  of  the  methods  of  overcoming  drowsiness,  recommended  by  the  Buddha  to  Maha^-Moggalla^na  (A.VII.  58).  According  to  D.  33,  it  is  conducive  to  the  development  of  ”knowledge  and  vision”  (s.  visuddhi),  and  it  is  said  to  be  helpful  to  the  attainment  of  the  ”divine  eye”  (s.  abhin~n~a^).

南传佛教英文辞典 【474】a^na^pa^na sati

”mindfulness  on  in-and-out-breathing”,  i...
is  one  of  the  most  important  exercises  for  reaching  mental  concentration  and  the  4  absorptions  (jha^na,  q.v.).
In  the  Satipattha^na  Sutta  (M.  10,  D.  22)  and  elsewhere,  4  methods  of  practice  are  given,  which  may  also  serve  as  basis  for  insight  meditation.  The  ”Discourse  on  Mindfulness  of  Breathing”  (a^na^pa^nasati  Sutta,  M.  118)  and  other  texts  have  16  methods  of  practice,  which  divide  into  4  groups  of  four.  The  first  three  apply  to  both  tranquillity  (samatha,  q.v.)  and  insight-meditation,  while  the  fourth  refers  to  pure  insight  practice  only.  The  second  and  the  third  group  require  the  attainment  of  the  absorptions.
"With  attentive  mind  he  breathes  in,  with  attentive  mind  he  breathes  out.
I.  (1)  "When  making  a  long  inhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  long  inhalation”;  when  making  a  long  exhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  long  exhalation.”
(2)  "When  making  a  short  inhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  short  inhalation”;  when  making  a  short  exhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  short  exhalation.”
(3)  "”Clearly  perceiving  the  entire  (breath-)  body  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”clearly  perceiving  the  entire  (breath-)  body  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(4)  "”Calming  this  bodily  function  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”calming  this  bodily  function  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
II.  (5)  "”Feeling  rapture  (pi^ti)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”feeling  rapture  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(6)  "”Feeling  joy  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”feeling  joy  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(7)  "”Feeling  the  mental  formation  (citta-sankha^ra)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself,  ”feeling  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(8)  "”Calming  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”calming  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
III.  (9)  "”Clearly  perceiving  the  mind  (citta)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”clearly  perceiving  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(10)  "”Gladdening  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”gladdening  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(11)  "”Concentrating  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,  thus  he  trains  himself;”concentrating  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out”,  thus  he  trains  himself.
(12)  "”Freeing  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”freeing  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself
IV.  (13)  "”Reflecting  on  impermanence  (anicca)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  impermanence  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(14)  "”Reflecting  on  detachment  (vira^ga)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  detachment  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(15)  "”Reflecting  on  extinction  (nirodha)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  extinction  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(16)  "”Reflecting  on  abandonment  (patinissagga)  I  will  breathe  in,  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  abandonment  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself."
In  M.  118  it  is  further  shown  how  these  16  exercises  bring  about  the  4  foundations  of  mindfulness  (satipattha^na,  q.v.),  namely:  
1-4  contemplation  of  the  body,  
5-8  contemplation  of  feeling,  
9-12  contemplation  of  mind  (consciousness),  
13-16  contemplation  of  mind-objects.
  Then  it  is  shown  how  these  4  foundations  of  mindfulness  bring  about  the  7  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.);  then  these  again  deliverance  of  mind  (ceto-vimutti,  q.v.)  and  deliverance  through  wisdom  (pan~n~a^-vimutti,  q.v.).
Literature:  a^na^pa^nasati  Samyutta  (S.  LIV).  -  
Pts.M.  a^na^pa^nakatha^  -  Full  explanation  of  practice  in  Vis.M.  VIII,  145ff.  -  
For  a  comprehensive  anthology  of  canonical  and  commentarial  texts,  see  Mindfulness  of  Breathing,  n~a^namoli  Thera  (Kandy:  BPS,  1964).

南传佛教英文辞典 【475】akusala vitakka

”unwholesome  thoughts”...
”unwholesome  thoughts”
as  defined  under  akusala  (q.v.).  In  M.  20,  five  methods  of  overcoming  them  are  given:  
by  changing  the  object,  
thinking  of  the  evil  results,  
paying  no  attention,  
analysing,  
suppressing.
Tr.  in  The  Removal  of  Distracting  Thoughts  (WHEEL  21).

南传佛教英文辞典 【476】anicca san~n~a^

”perception  of  impermanence”,  ...
”perception  of  impermanence”,  is  defined  in  the  Girimananda  Sutta  (A.X.  60)  as  meditation  on  the  impermanence  of  the  five  groups  of  existence.
"Though,  with  a  faithful  heart,  one  takes  refuge  in  the  Buddha,  his  Teaching  and  the  Community  of  Monks;  or  with  a  faithful  heart  observes  the  rules  of  morality,  or  develops  a  mind  full  of  loving-kindness,  far  more  meritorious  it  is  if  one  cultivates  the  perception  of  impermanence,  be  it  only  for  a  moment"  (A.X.  20).
See  A.VI.  102;  A.VII.  48;  Ud.IV.  1;  S.22.  102.

南传佛教英文辞典 【477】appama^na subha

  a  kind  of  heavenly  being:  s.  deva  (II).

南传佛教英文辞典 【478】characteristics

  of  existence,  the.  3:  ti-lakkhana  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【479】citta sankha^ra

  s.  sankha^ra.

南传佛教英文辞典 【480】dhamma^nusa^ri^

  the  ”dhamma-devotee”,  is  one  of  the  7  noble  disciples  (ariya-puggala,  q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【481】ditthi visuddhi

”purification  of  view”  is  the  3rd  of  the  7  stages  of  purification  (visuddhi  III,  q.v.).

英汉对照词典 【482】EIGHT NEGATIONS

Eight  Negations  ==  八不

The  eight  negations  of  Nagarjuna,  founder  of  Madhyamika,  are  actually  four  pairs  of  neither  birth  nor  death,  neither  end  nor  permanence,  neither  identity  nor  difference,  neither  coming  nor  going.  This  is  one  of  the  important  concepts  of  the  Middle  Way,  the  ultimate  truth  of  Buddhism  and  the  reality  character  of  all  Dharma.

英汉对照词典 【483】EIGHTEEN FIELDS

Eighteen  Fields  ==  十八界

The  Six  Consciousness  and  the  Twelve  Bases  are  together  called  the  Eighteen  Fields.

英汉对照词典 【484】FIVE MESSENGERS

Five  Messengers  ==  五使者

They  are  five  messengers  of  Manjusri:  
1.  Kesini  
2.  Upakesini  
3.  Citra  
4.  Vasumati  
5.  Akarsani

英汉对照词典 【485】FOUR GREAT VOWS

Four  Great  Vows  ==  四弘誓愿

1.Vow  to  take  across  the  numberless  living  beings.
2.Vow  to  cut  off  the  endless  afflictions.
3.Vow  to  study  the  countless  Dharma  doors.
4.Vow  to  realize  the  supreme  Buddha  Way.

南传佛教英文辞典 【486】gustatory organ

  s.  a^yatana.

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