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sel sex alms dosa ends gems lust rise sati ties adosa ASURA asura bases bonds cause chaos doors issa^ RAKSA rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA vasi^ YAKSA yokes a^sava abodes access asekha beings BHIKSU biases course elders escape floods forest ghosts gnosis groups jewels kasina kilesa kusala misery phassa planes powers samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints truths tusita usages VAISYA WISDOM wisdom a^ka^sa absence ahimsa^ AKUSALA akusala anusaya arising cankers desana^ destiny disease factors fetters HSU YUN insight KUSHALA mastery message nissaya obha^sa remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a 戒(sila) AKUSHALA anussati aversion BHIKSUNI bondages cetasika delusion elements extremes fatalism gladness grasping influxes interest KSATRIYA not self opposite postures progress sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness upa^saka uposatha upstream vimamsa^ visuddhi 谛(satya) 空(sunya) asankhata avihimsa^ boundless cosmogony domanassa dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties FIVE EYES happiness impulsion lightness mind base obstacles SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti sarana treasures upa^sika^ vanishing YASODHARA a^bhassara abhisamaya absorption aggregates ALMSGIVING antinomies appendants asmi ma^na bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conditions dibba sota elasticity enthusiasm expression few wishes FOUR SEALS hindrances impression impurities ka^ma^sava low speech MAHASATTVA messengers obduracies para^ma^sa patisandhi repression sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa TEN POWERS tendencies TWO DEATHS unshakable upakkilesa vesa^rajja vipalla^sa vipassana^ 不害(ahimsa) abstentions ahosi kamma alms giving ANAPANASATI anupassana^ ariya sacca ariya vamsa association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life co nascence corruptions defilements destruction dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS foundations inseparable intoxicants khi^na^sava kusala múla LOTUS SUTRA manasika^ra mindfulness NINE REALMS perfections personality perversions pure abodes sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo kasina THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS unwholesome uprightness wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) a^savakkhaya body witness covetousness dispensation dissociation dry visioned FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES harmlessness homelessness inclinations ka^ya sakkhi karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes pakati si^la pan~ca si^la pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purisindriya radiant gods recollectons restlessness RIGHT SPEECH sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry subconscious suddha^va^sa supermundane THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM TWELVE BASES viveka sukha 佛教(Buddhism) 僧伽製度(samgha) 鐵薩羅(Tissara) a^loka kasina Abbreviations abhisankha^ra attentiveness BHAISAJYAGURU birth process companionship comprehension consciousness contentedness dasa pa^rami^ deathlessness demons’ realm disappearance FIVE BHIKSHUS FIVE OFFENCES FIVE PRECEPTS FIVE SKANDHAS FIVE VEHICLES fixed destiny higher wisdom imperfections investigating investigation karma process loathsomeness lohita kasina noble persons oda^ta kasina patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence sa^vaka bodhi sakada^ga^mi^ sammuti sacca samvara si^la sasankha^rika satipattha^na shamelessness silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta susa^nik’anga THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES understanding voha^ra sacca 大史(Mahavamsa) 島史(Diqavamsa) 迦膩色迦(Kaniska) 馬鳴(Asvaghosa) 舍衛城(Sravasti) a^ka^sa dha^tu altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta AVALOKITESVARA Buddha sa^sana buddha^nussati citta santa^na citta visuddhi dasaka kala^pa desirelessness devata^nussati dhamma desana^ dhamma^nussati eka^sanik’anga foolish babble frivolous talk kusala vipa^ka marana^nussati saddha^nusa^ri sahetuka citta samudaya sacca samvara suddhi samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS upekkha^ sukha va^ritta si^la visible object 大圓滿(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 叁谛(tri-satyas) a^loka san~n~a^ a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka anicca san~n~a^ appama^na subha characteristics citta sankha^ra dhamma^nusa^ri^ ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS FIVE MESSENGERS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta ka^ya passaddhi loving kindness misapprehension naya vipassana^ nihilistic view nissaya paccaya pamsukúlik’anga pathavi^ kasina sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika samma^ sambodhi sankhitta citta sapada^nik’anga sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt self confidence SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma TAKING PRECEPTS THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vaci^ sankha^ra vaya^nupassana^ voha^ra desana^ 百論(Sata-sastra) 法護(Dharmaraksa) 極樂世界(sukhavati) 支婁迦谶(Lokaksema) a^sevana paccaya abbhoka^sik’anga anatta^ san~n~a^ appana^ sama^dhi assa^sa passa^sa AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series EIGHT SUFFERINGS FOUR HOLY REALMS ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya^nupassana^ karma formations khandha santa^na khaya^nupassana^ maha^ vipassana^ mano san~cetana^ monks’ community nava satta^va^sa nissaya nissita reversible merit samma^ ppadha^na samvara padha^na santi^rana citta sensuous craving SIX SENSE-ORGANS streams of merit sukkha vipassaka supportive karma THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS 經量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律經(Vinaya-sutra) 叁性(tri-svabhava) 釋迦牟尼 (Sakyamuni) 四谛(catur-satyas) adhisi^la sikkha^ anatta^nupassana^ anicca^nupassana^ ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma dhamma^nupassana^ disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa dukkha^nupassana^ eye consciousness FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR FEARLESSNESS FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS FOURFOLD ASSEMBLY highest knowledge immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha manopadosika deva na^natta san~n~a^ nissarana paha^na NO STRIFE SAMADHI non disappearance pa^risuddhi si^la pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paricchinna^ka^sa paticcasamuppa^da sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava sensuous clinging SINGALOVADA SUTRA SIX CONSCIOUSNESS SIX PSYCHIC POWER sudassa sudassi^ suppressive karma TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upaca^ra sama^dhi vedana^nupassana^ 迦毗羅衛(Kapilavastu) 叁學(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika asankha^rika citta cycle of existence domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta marana^sanna kamma meritorious action nirodha sama^patti nirodha^nupassana^ parikamma sama^dhi patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES somanassúpavica^ra SPHERE OF NO-THING TWO FORMS OF DEATH unconscious beings upanissaya paccaya vipassanúpakkilesa vira^ga^nupassana^ wheel of existence yoniso manasika^ra 蓮花生(Padmasambhava) 無著(Asanga 約4或5世紀) 最澄(Saicho 767~822) anabhirati san~n~a^ animitta^nupassana^ answering questions ANUPADISESA-NIBBANA attha patisambhida^ death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS fruits of monk life gradual instruction kilesa parinibba^na lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka one group existence red kasina exercise RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta san~n~a^ vipalla^sa sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS viriya sambojjhanga 阿底峽(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘經(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 約7世紀) 六足論(Satpada sastra) 清淨道論(Visuddhimagga) 說一切有部(Sarvastivada) access concentration cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE paccavekkhana suddhi pubbeniva^sa^nussati pun~n~a^bhisankha^ra regenerating process sama^dhi parikkha^ra samvejani^ya ttha^na SA-UPADISESA-NIBBANA SIX FIELDS OF SENSES SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘論(Mahayana sastra) 榮西(Eisai 1141~1215) 小乘論(Hinayana sastra) 源信(Genshin 942~1017) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana anupa^disesa nibba^na apun~n~a^bhisankha^ra deluded consciousness DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi indriya samvara si^la n’eva sekha n’a^sekha nine abodes of beings ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na questions and answers REALM OF FORMLESSNESS sacca^nulomika n~a^na sama^dhi sambojjhanga SIX HEAVENS OF DESIRE sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit upekkha^ sambojjhanga visesa bha^giya si^la 朝鮮佛教(Korean Buddhism) 梵網經(Brahmajala-sutra) 覺音(Buddhaghosa 5世紀中葉) 蓮花戒(Kamalasila ?~780) 世親(Vasubandhu 約4或5世紀) 印度佛教(Indian Buddhism) 中論(Madhyamika-sastra) abhisama^ca^rika si^la bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa desire for deliverance desireless deliverance FIVE FORMS OF DECAYING FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA kamma samuttha^na rúpa khidda padosika^ deva^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi orambha^giya samyojana passaddhi sambojjhanga prescribed moral rules resistance perceptions sa upa^disesa nibba^na sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS unshakable deliverance viparina^ma^nupassana^ 長阿含經(Dirghagama-sutra) 超戒寺(Vikramasilavihara) 楞伽經(Lankavatara-sutra) 親鸾(Shinran 1173~1262) 緣起(pratitya-samutpada) 中國佛教(Chinese Buddhism) dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS FOUR IMMEASURABLE MINDS NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga sankha^rupekkha^ n~a^na si^la sama^dhi pan~n~a^ SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成實論(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 大乘佛教(Mahayana Byddhism) 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 日本佛教(Japanese Buddhism) a^dibrahmacariyaka si^la ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI asankha^ra parinibba^yi^ bhanga^nupassana^ n~a^na clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ka^ma sukh’allika^nuyoga multiformity perceptions paccaya sannissita si^la paricchinna^ka^sa kasina patibha^na patisambhida^ REALM OF SENSUOUS DESIRE sacchikarani^ya^ dhamma^ uddhambha^giya samyojana verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日經(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂護(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 約590~647) 戒賢(Silabhadra 約528~651 ) 摩诃僧祇律(Mahasangha-vinaya) 尼泊爾佛教(Nepalese Buddhism) 十誦律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 實叉難陀(Siksananda 652~710) 無量壽經(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 雜阿含經(Samyuktagama-sutra) a^ji^va pa^risuddhi si^la adukkha m asukha^ vedana^ hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi nibbida^nupassana^ n~a^na pa^risuddhi padha^niyanga pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness sama^dhi vippha^ra^ iddhi SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA sasankha^ra parinibba^yi^ spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA vanishing and reappearing VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提會(Maha Bodhi Society) 昙無谶(Dharmaksema 385~433) 增一阿含經(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含經(Madh yamagama-sutra) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu dhamma vicaya sambojjhanga functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 發智論(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍論(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教(Vietnamese Buddhism) a^di^nava^nupassana^ n~a^na balance of mental faculties PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT udayabbaya^nupassana^ n~a^na 常樂我淨(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃經(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 觀無量壽經(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞嚴經(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩薩戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]雙提贊Khri-Sron-Lde-bTsan 瑜伽師地論(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 斯裏蘭卡佛教(Buddhism in Sri Lanka) 中國佛教美術(Buddhist art in China) adhipan~n~a^ dhamma vipassana^ ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 維摩經(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 村上專精(Murakami Senjo 1851~1928) 大般若經(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 鈴木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法蓮華經(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度論(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana 勝鬘經(Srimala-devi simhanada-sutra) 望月信亨(Mochizuki Shinko 1869~1948) a^ha^ra ja (or-samuttha^na) - rúpa magga^magga n~a^nadassana visuddhi NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯識論(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 東南亞佛教(Buddhism in South East Asia) EIGHT DIVISIONS OF GODS AND DRAGONS 高楠順次郎(Takakusu Junjiro 1866~1945) 解深密經(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 攝大乘論(Mahayana-samuparigraha-sastra) 中國佛學院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 達斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) 大乘起信論(Maha yana-Sraddhotpada-sastra) 大毗婆沙論(Abhidharma-mahavibhasa-sastra) 歐美佛教(Buddhism in America and Europe) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION 般若波羅蜜多心經(Prajna-paramita-hrdaya-sutra) FOUR WAYS (OF LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 雜阿毗昙心論(Samyuktabhidharma-hrdaya-sastra) TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金剛經(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 異部宗輪論(Samayabhedo-paracanacak-ra-sastra) 華嚴經(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 叁十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中國佛教協會(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral thiti bha^giya si^la, sama^dhi, pan~n~a^ FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 大方等大集經(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) SPHERE OF NEITHER-PERCEPTION-NOR-NON-PERCEPTION 阿彌陀經(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 李斯·戴維斯,T·W·(Thomas Williams Rhys Davids 1843~1922) 唯識二十論(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯識叁十頌(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 馬拉拉塞克拉,G·P·(Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera 1899~1973) 國際佛教研究協會(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【469】visible object

  s.  a^yatana.

中國百科全書 【470】大圓滿(mahasanti)

  Dayuanman

  藏傳佛教甯瑪派的最高法門。指當前離垢的明空晶瑩的自證智阿底瑜伽乘。由于生死涅槃的一切法皆圓滿具足于這一空智之中,故名圓滿;又解脫生死的方便更無超勝此法者,故名爲大。

  大圓滿法門分心部、界部和要門部叁種,以要門部爲最高。要門部又分外、內、秘密和無上四部。無上要門部又稱自性大圓滿心髓金剛藏乘,簡稱大圓甯提(心髓)。甯提的傳承有兩系:一系是由吉祥師子傳蓮花生,再傳空行女智慧海王,名空行甯提;另一系是由吉祥師子傳智經、無垢友,名上師甯提。兩派理論大致相同,僅修法略有區別。甯提法中又分立斷和頓超兩部,後者以前者爲依。只修前者即身也可化爲微塵而成佛,但對外迷亂相地石山岩等不能淨化,且修道時仍以粗脈風爲依,不能成就光明身,現生不能達究竟極地。頓超法則現生能證光明身而得大遷轉身,亦稱童瓶身,成辦廣大利生事業,所得天眼、神足、壽命等自在通力,無量無邊。故在甯提中又以頓超法爲最究竟。

  此法門的理論根據爲《阿毗達磨大乘經》的“無始時來界,一切法等依,由此有諸趣,及涅槃證得”一頌。它建立本初元體自然智爲一切法依,其本體空分如虛空即法身;本性顯了分如日月即報身;大悲周遍分如日月光華即化身。故叁身在本分上完全具足,而叁界衆生爲業力所蔽,顛倒迷亂,對此所依實相不能了知,因而輪回六趣。本部法中對叁脈四輪的建立與其余下部各金剛乘同,但不用爲修法之依據。另有不共的四大殊勝脈爲光明住處,即迦底大金脈、如白絲線脈、細旋脈和晶管脈。最後一脈連結心眼而在心髒中央又有光明脈放光照明一切細脈,即如來藏周遍之義,亦即《寶性論》所說的一切有情常具的佛性。本部的修法也和一般真言乘相同,分爲能成熟的灌頂和能解脫的修持兩部分。灌頂有四,即外有戲論寶瓶灌頂、內無戲論秘密灌頂、極無戲論慧智灌頂和最極無戲論辭句灌頂。四者依次能除身障、語障、意障和所知障。解脫道又分前行和不共正行,前行又分共和不共。正行爲實修方法與一切生起次第、圓滿次第皆不相同,摒棄一切以意識審察名言重習爲性的修習,故名不共。其內容大致爲初步指示身、語、心叁要。身要有叁種(或五種)姿勢,即法身獅子奮迅勢、報身大象眠臥勢、化身仙人蹲踞勢等。其次再指示根門要、緣境要、息風要、證智要等以看光明。依此修持,則法性現量光明、證受增長光明、證智充量光明和法性窮盡光明即可逐次顯現。法性窮盡光明又有漸盡和頓盡的分別,此光明現前時,即證極果。此時五身五智刹那圓滿,謂心一境性遠離戲論即是法身,自顯無執即報身,現種種境即化身,遣八聚識即菩提身,界無遷變即金剛身。又,遠離緣慮戲論即法身智,顯了無障即圓鏡智,住平等味即平等性智,所顯五光無雜即妙觀察智,能所二取(根境)皆化光明即成所作智。此法證果的期限,據稱如能在冢間、空谷、洲、渚等極寂靜處如法觀修,一般上根叁年,中根五年,下根七年,即可使內外質礙之境皆化光明,即于自顯色究竟處法身普賢法性土中現證佛位。此時可隨行者意願而有兩種成就。一種爲願以現身成辦廣大利生事業,壽命無邊盡叁有際,可證取大遷轉身,如水中月,雖有顯色而無觸色,如大阿阇黎蓮花生及無垢友,能在一刹那中示現無量不思議神通;一種爲光明道圓滿時,即化光明身至法界本初地任運成就叁身五智,以加持力于報身及化身刹土、叁界六趣之中示現無邊色身,廣作饒益聖凡有情事業。

  大圓滿法門的傳承,相傳始于烏苌的極喜金剛,一傳妙吉祥友,再傳漢人吉禅師子,叁傳蓮花生、無垢友等而傳入西藏,以後曆代相傳至今。並形成幾個流派。14世紀,隆欽饒绛巴進行系統的整理和總結,著書263部,最著名者爲“七寶藏論”、“叁休息論”、“叁解脫論”,受到各派學者的重視。此法因未見在印度流傳,藏傳佛教後弘期開始後,也有一些譯師、大德表示懷疑。但法賢、大悲精進、自然金剛、烏金巴、世尊劍、日幢、白蓮、勇學鬘等各派大德都認爲純正。格魯派創始人宗喀巴亦認爲純正佛法,至第五世達賴更學修此法,宣講、造論,建立舊派寺院多處加以弘揚。(郭元興)

中國百科全書 【471】二谛(twi-satyas)

  Erdi

  即真谛和俗谛。又稱第一義谛、世俗谛,或名勝義谛與名言谛。真俗二谛,中觀派的基本思想是緣起性空論,認爲世間出世間萬事萬物,都是由衆多因素相依相持而形成的,是有,稱假有,這就是世俗谛,沒有獨立不變的自性,是空,稱性空,這就是真谛,所以真俗二谛,就是空、有二谛。這是就外在的物境而言。若以主觀認識而論,謂世俗谛是有,這是世間一般人的常識見解;言真谛爲空是二乘聖者特有的超世見解。實際上,說有不住有,談空不落空,空有無礙,才是真俗二谛的正觀。又世俗谛的有,是世間萬事萬物的現象;真谛的空,是世間萬事萬物的本性。緣起才能性空,性空才能緣起,緣起與性空實際是一種事物的兩個方面,相反相成,對立而統一。所以緣起就是性空,性空就是緣起。如《般若經》中說:色即是空,空即是色,不二而二,二而不二。大乘佛教各宗,因爲傳承或立論方法不同,對二谛的解釋也各不相同。有的認爲二谛是理,有的認爲二谛是教。天臺宗認爲二谛或叁谛是真實不虛的谛理,故雲:“叁谛者,天然之性德也。”叁論宗認爲真俗二谛是兩種真實不虛的言教:“二谛者,蓋是言教之通诠,相待之假稱……唯是教門,不關境理。”

中國百科全書 【472】叁谛(tri-satyas)

  Sandi

  即空谛、假谛、中道谛。佛教天臺宗所立的谛理。認爲一切事物都由因緣而生,沒有永恒不變的實體,叫做空谛;一切事物其中雖無永恒不變的實體,卻有如幻如化的相貌,叫做假谛;這些都不出法性,不待造作而有,叫做中道谛。一切事物,皆不出此空、假、中叁谛的範疇,故稱爲叁谛之理。《始終心要》說:“叁谛者,天然之性德也,中谛者統一切法,真谛者泯一切法,假谛者立一切法。”又此叁谛,圓融無礙,一即是叁,叁即是一。如觀空時,無假無中無不空白;觀假時,無空無中無不假;觀中道時,無空無假無不中,名爲圓融叁谛。《中觀論·四谛品》說:“因緣所生法,我說即是空,亦爲是假名,亦是中道義”。此偈被認爲是圓融叁谛的出處。

南傳佛教英文辭典 【473】a^loka san~n~a^

”perception  of  light”....
The  recurring  canonical  passage  reads:  
"Here  the  monk  contemplates  the  perception  of  light.  He  fixes  his-mind  to  the  perception  of  the  day;  as  at  day-time  so  at  night,  and  as  at  night,  so  in  the  day.  In  this  way,  with  a  mind  clear  and  unclouded,  he  develops  a  stage  of  mind  that  is  full  of  brightness."
It  is  one  of  the  methods  of  overcoming  drowsiness,  recommended  by  the  Buddha  to  Maha^-Moggalla^na  (A.VII.  58).  According  to  D.  33,  it  is  conducive  to  the  development  of  ”knowledge  and  vision”  (s.  visuddhi),  and  it  is  said  to  be  helpful  to  the  attainment  of  the  ”divine  eye”  (s.  abhin~n~a^).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【474】a^na^pa^na sati

”mindfulness  on  in-and-out-breathing”,  i...
is  one  of  the  most  important  exercises  for  reaching  mental  concentration  and  the  4  absorptions  (jha^na,  q.v.).
In  the  Satipattha^na  Sutta  (M.  10,  D.  22)  and  elsewhere,  4  methods  of  practice  are  given,  which  may  also  serve  as  basis  for  insight  meditation.  The  ”Discourse  on  Mindfulness  of  Breathing”  (a^na^pa^nasati  Sutta,  M.  118)  and  other  texts  have  16  methods  of  practice,  which  divide  into  4  groups  of  four.  The  first  three  apply  to  both  tranquillity  (samatha,  q.v.)  and  insight-meditation,  while  the  fourth  refers  to  pure  insight  practice  only.  The  second  and  the  third  group  require  the  attainment  of  the  absorptions.
"With  attentive  mind  he  breathes  in,  with  attentive  mind  he  breathes  out.
I.  (1)  "When  making  a  long  inhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  long  inhalation”;  when  making  a  long  exhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  long  exhalation.”
(2)  "When  making  a  short  inhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  short  inhalation”;  when  making  a  short  exhalation  he  knows:  ”I  make  a  short  exhalation.”
(3)  "”Clearly  perceiving  the  entire  (breath-)  body  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”clearly  perceiving  the  entire  (breath-)  body  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(4)  "”Calming  this  bodily  function  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”calming  this  bodily  function  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
II.  (5)  "”Feeling  rapture  (pi^ti)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”feeling  rapture  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(6)  "”Feeling  joy  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”feeling  joy  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(7)  "”Feeling  the  mental  formation  (citta-sankha^ra)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself,  ”feeling  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(8)  "”Calming  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”calming  the  mental  formation  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
III.  (9)  "”Clearly  perceiving  the  mind  (citta)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”clearly  perceiving  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(10)  "”Gladdening  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”gladdening  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(11)  "”Concentrating  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,  thus  he  trains  himself;”concentrating  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out”,  thus  he  trains  himself.
(12)  "”Freeing  the  mind  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”freeing  the  mind  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself
IV.  (13)  "”Reflecting  on  impermanence  (anicca)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  impermanence  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(14)  "”Reflecting  on  detachment  (vira^ga)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  detachment  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(15)  "”Reflecting  on  extinction  (nirodha)  I  will  breathe  in,”  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  extinction  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself.
(16)  "”Reflecting  on  abandonment  (patinissagga)  I  will  breathe  in,  thus  he  trains  himself;”reflecting  on  abandonment  I  will  breathe  out,”  thus  he  trains  himself."
In  M.  118  it  is  further  shown  how  these  16  exercises  bring  about  the  4  foundations  of  mindfulness  (satipattha^na,  q.v.),  namely:  
1-4  contemplation  of  the  body,  
5-8  contemplation  of  feeling,  
9-12  contemplation  of  mind  (consciousness),  
13-16  contemplation  of  mind-objects.
  Then  it  is  shown  how  these  4  foundations  of  mindfulness  bring  about  the  7  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.);  then  these  again  deliverance  of  mind  (ceto-vimutti,  q.v.)  and  deliverance  through  wisdom  (pan~n~a^-vimutti,  q.v.).
Literature:  a^na^pa^nasati  Samyutta  (S.  LIV).  -  
Pts.M.  a^na^pa^nakatha^  -  Full  explanation  of  practice  in  Vis.M.  VIII,  145ff.  -  
For  a  comprehensive  anthology  of  canonical  and  commentarial  texts,  see  Mindfulness  of  Breathing,  n~a^namoli  Thera  (Kandy:  BPS,  1964).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【475】akusala vitakka

”unwholesome  thoughts”...
”unwholesome  thoughts”
as  defined  under  akusala  (q.v.).  In  M.  20,  five  methods  of  overcoming  them  are  given:  
by  changing  the  object,  
thinking  of  the  evil  results,  
paying  no  attention,  
analysing,  
suppressing.
Tr.  in  The  Removal  of  Distracting  Thoughts  (WHEEL  21).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【476】anicca san~n~a^

”perception  of  impermanence”,  ...
”perception  of  impermanence”,  is  defined  in  the  Girimananda  Sutta  (A.X.  60)  as  meditation  on  the  impermanence  of  the  five  groups  of  existence.
"Though,  with  a  faithful  heart,  one  takes  refuge  in  the  Buddha,  his  Teaching  and  the  Community  of  Monks;  or  with  a  faithful  heart  observes  the  rules  of  morality,  or  develops  a  mind  full  of  loving-kindness,  far  more  meritorious  it  is  if  one  cultivates  the  perception  of  impermanence,  be  it  only  for  a  moment"  (A.X.  20).
See  A.VI.  102;  A.VII.  48;  Ud.IV.  1;  S.22.  102.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【477】appama^na subha

  a  kind  of  heavenly  being:  s.  deva  (II).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【478】characteristics

  of  existence,  the.  3:  ti-lakkhana  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【479】citta sankha^ra

  s.  sankha^ra.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【480】dhamma^nusa^ri^

  the  ”dhamma-devotee”,  is  one  of  the  7  noble  disciples  (ariya-puggala,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【481】ditthi visuddhi

”purification  of  view”  is  the  3rd  of  the  7  stages  of  purification  (visuddhi  III,  q.v.).

英漢對照詞典 【482】EIGHT NEGATIONS

Eight  Negations  ==  八不

The  eight  negations  of  Nagarjuna,  founder  of  Madhyamika,  are  actually  four  pairs  of  neither  birth  nor  death,  neither  end  nor  permanence,  neither  identity  nor  difference,  neither  coming  nor  going.  This  is  one  of  the  important  concepts  of  the  Middle  Way,  the  ultimate  truth  of  Buddhism  and  the  reality  character  of  all  Dharma.

英漢對照詞典 【483】EIGHTEEN FIELDS

Eighteen  Fields  ==  十八界

The  Six  Consciousness  and  the  Twelve  Bases  are  together  called  the  Eighteen  Fields.

英漢對照詞典 【484】FIVE MESSENGERS

Five  Messengers  ==  五使者

They  are  five  messengers  of  Manjusri:  
1.  Kesini  
2.  Upakesini  
3.  Citra  
4.  Vasumati  
5.  Akarsani

英漢對照詞典 【485】FOUR GREAT VOWS

Four  Great  Vows  ==  四弘誓願

1.Vow  to  take  across  the  numberless  living  beings.
2.Vow  to  cut  off  the  endless  afflictions.
3.Vow  to  study  the  countless  Dharma  doors.
4.Vow  to  realize  the  supreme  Buddha  Way.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【486】gustatory organ

  s.  a^yatana.

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