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utu atta both catu gati hate hetu lust meat path peta sati talk ties tree unit agati amata ARHAT atta^ citta death doubt faith great ja^ti light merit METTA mirth pi^ti right satta sloth STUPA SUTRA vatta water " action ANATTA Arahat atappa beauty carita dha^tu ditthi eating EFFORT effort fixity forest gantha ghosts growth JATAKA khanti MANTRA MATTER matter method metta^ MUDITA object purity stains sugati taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita vatthu virati virtue agility anatta^ cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter created destiny devotee duggati emotion factors fetters HUA TOU insight ji^vita lahuta^ mastery matured mudita^ muduta^ neutral nimitta okkanti ottappa patched patigha perfect rapture reality rebirth samatha sammuti sassata sitting thought turning vimutti vipatti vitakka vivatta a^yatana adherent AMITABHA anussati atima^na ca^ritta cemetery cetasika departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fruition gotrabhú impurity interest kammanta KSATRIYA maintain MAITREYA MORALITY morality nibbatti not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice reaction sammatta sankhata santa^na serenity sucarita Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training ujukata^ uposatha upstream virility vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) acinteyya adhicitta akanittha anottappa asankhata attention avya^kata beautiful breathing cetokhila character CONDITION deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga duccarita dukkhata^ EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties formation immediate intention lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta nutriment obstacles pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha proximity ready wit SARIPUTRA SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS something ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA vinipa^ta aberration absorption ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates analytical antinomies appendants awakenment BODHISATTA Bodhisatta conception conditions contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment dibba sota ego entity elasticity enthusiasm equanimity EXTINCTION extinction femininity foundation functional generation impurities inducement intimation liberality liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation mutability opapa^tika paramattha patisandhi pattida^na productive puthujjana reflection repetition RIGHT VIEW sama^patti sensuality si^labbata sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness EIGHT WINDS enlightened foundations immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative intoxicants itthindriya kamma patha kamma vatta LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object origination pa^timokkha paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections personality preparatory realization RECOGNITION rúpa^yatana sala^yatana samuttha^na san~cetana^ si^vathika^ tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable uprightness vavattha^na 結集(samgiti) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dispensation dissociation fire element FOUR VIRTUES hate natured heat element hiri ottappa inclinations intoxicating ka^ma tanha^ kammattha^na karma result light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purification ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH santutthita^ SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry TEN PARAMITA THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM tranquillity TWELVE BASES twin miracle va^yo dha^tu vatthu ka^ma wind element 叁界(tridhatu) 鐵薩羅(Tissara) Abbreviations ahetuka citta anatta^ va^da anuloma citta attentiveness atthi paccaya birth process cakkhu dha^tu concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation contentedness deathlessness determination dhamma dha^tu dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta earth element ENLIGHTENMENT enlightenment FIVE PRECEPTS fixed destiny FOUR FRUITION hadaya vatthu imperfections investigating investigation ka^ya lahuta^ kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness lohita kasina material food mental action nimma^na rati oda^ta kasina pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence RIGHT THOUGHT sammuti sacca satipattha^na silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta tanha^ kkhaya THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT tittha^yatana TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES unconditioned understanding verbal action vipacitan~n~u vivatta kappa water element weighty karma 阿旃陀石窟(Ajanta) 舍衛城(Sravasti) 因明(Hetuvidya) a^ka^sa dha^tu abhibha^yatana ahetuka ditthi akiriya ditthi altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha auditory organ AVALOKITESVARA buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ citta santa^na citta visuddhi devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path frivolous talk greedy natured habitual karma kalya^na mitta katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth sahetuka citta samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS uccheda ditthi uggaha nimitta ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava va^ritta si^la vibhava tanha^ vigata paccaya visible object 大圓滿(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 叁谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana characteristics citta sankha^ra deluded natured ditth’upa^da^na ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS eternity belief FOUR GREAT VOWS gotrabhú n~a^na gustatory organ indriya samatta mental function mental obduracy natthika ditthi nihilistic view olfactory organ pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika sankhitta citta sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma tadanga paha^na TAKING PRECEPTS tatha^gata bala THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vitakka vica^ra 百論(Sata-sastra) 大藏經(tri-pitaka) 法界(dharmadhatu) 極樂世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anantara paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series dukkha patipada^ EIGHT SUFFERINGS equality conceit faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations khandha santa^na life infatuation mano san~cetana^ mental formation monks’ community natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma nissaya nissita pan~n~a^ vimutti pindapa^tik’anga reversible merit RIGHT LIVELIHOOD round of rebirth santi^rana citta streams of merit supportive karma te ci^varik’anga THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS tiraccha^na yoni vaci^ vin~n~atti votthapana citta wheel of the law 經量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律經(Vinaya-sutra) 叁性(tri-svabhava) 四谛(catur-satyas) 吳哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nantarika kamma a^nupubbi^ katha^ ahirika anottappa anatta^nupassana^ animitta vimokkha ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS highest knowledge immaterial sphere ineffective karma kusala kammapatha mental advertence n~a^ta parin~n~a^ na^natta san~n~a^ NO STRIFE SAMADHI pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la parikamma nimitta paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga pureja^ta paccaya RIGHT REMEMBRANCE sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava SINGALOVADA SUTRA tatramajjhattata^ TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upagha^taka kamma vin~n~a^na tthiti youth infatuation 迦毗羅衛(Kapilavastu) 叁學(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika an~n~a^ta^vindriya asankha^rika citta atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava ceto pariya n~a^na corporeality group cycle of existence dha^tu vavattha^na hasituppa^da citta health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge meritorious action nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES SPHERE OF NO-THING tada^rammana citta tatra majjhattata^ ti^rana parin~n~a^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH vippayutta paccaya wheel of existence 佛所行贊(Buddhacarita) 解脫道論(Vimuttimagga) 四大(caturmahabhuta) 五種姓(panca-gotrani) alcohol prohibition anabhirati san~n~a^ analytical doctrine animitta^nupassana^ answering questions appanihita vimokkha attha patisambhida^ counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS FOUR UNLIMITED MIND fruits of monk life gradual instruction inferiority conceit intelligent natured lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka majjhima^ patipada^ one group existence RIGHT CONCENTRATION RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma yamaka pa^tiha^riya 阿底峽(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘經(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 約7世紀) 六足論(Satpada sastra) 說一切有部(Sarvastivada) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge akuppa^ ceto vimutti cemetery meditations cinta^ maya pan~n~a^ derived corporeality dhamma patisambhida^ dhamma tthiti n~a^na ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA manovinn~a^na dha^tu NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE niyata miccha^ditthi pa^rami^ pa^ramita^ paccha^ja^ta paccaya parami^ = pa^ramita^ pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process samvejani^ya ttha^na SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika UNCONDITIONED DHARMA VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘論(Mahayana sastra) 小乘論(Hinayana sastra) 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana animitta ceto vimutti antara^ parinibba^yi^ bhojane mattan~n~uta^ corporeality and mind death proximate karma dependent origination DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more mind and corporeality ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na produced corporeality pun~n~a kiriya vatthu questions and answers sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit ubhato bha^ga vimutta vi^thi = citta vi^thi vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana 梵網經(Brahmajala-sutra) 中論(Madhyamika-sastra) appama^na ceto vimutti bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa doctrine of the Buddha FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA ji^vita navaka kala^pa kamma samuttha^na rúpa resistance perceptions sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 長阿含經(Dirghagama-sutra) 楞伽經(Lankavatara-sutra) 緣起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala determining the reality FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成實論(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 法稱(Dharmakirti 約6~7世紀) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 四分律(Dharmagupta-vinaya) 月稱(Candrakirti 約7世紀中葉) ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI attainment concentration clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ego idea, ego perception multiformity perceptions pa^na^tipa^ta^ veramani^ paccaya sannissita si^la patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日經(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂護(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 約590~647) 十誦律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 無量壽經(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 雜阿含經(Samyuktagama-sutra) hate rooted consciousness independently enlightened indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提會(Maha Bodhi Society) 增一阿含經(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含經(Madh yamagama-sutra) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION THREEFOLD BODY OF A BUDDHA uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 發智論(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍論(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教(Vietnamese Buddhism) balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS thought thought conception yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT 常樂我淨(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃經(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 觀無量壽經(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞嚴經(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩薩戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]雙提贊Khri-Sron-Lde-bTsan 瑜伽師地論(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) dittha dhamma vedani^ya kamma EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 中國佛教美術(Buddhist art in China) ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 維摩經(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 大般若經(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 鈴木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法蓮華經(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度論(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【487】patisankha^na

  bala  and  bha^vana^  bala:  ”power  of  reflection”,  and  ”power  of  mental  development”.  About  these  2  powers  it  is  said  in  A.  II,  10:
"What,  o  monks,  is  the  power  of  reflection?  If,  o  monks,  someone  thinks  thus:  ”Bad  conduct  in  deeds,  words  and  thoughts  verily  bears  bad  fruits  both  in  this  life,  as  well  as  in  the  next  life”,  and  in  consequence  of  this  consideration,  he  abandons  bad  conduct  in  deeds,  words  and  thoughts,  follows  good  conduct,  and  keeps  his  heart  pure,  this,  o  monks,  is  the  power  of  reflection.
"What,  o  monks,  is  the  power  of  mental  development?  If,  o  monks,  a  monk  develops  the  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.),  bent  on  solitude,  on  detachment,  on  extinction,  and  ending  in  deliverance,  namely:  mindfulness,  investigating  of  the  law,  energy,  rapture,  tranquillity,  concentration,  and  equanimity,  this,  o  monks,  is  the  power  of  mental  development."

南傳佛教英文辭典 【488】post nascence

  paccha^ja^ta-paccaya,  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.).

英漢對照詞典 【489】RIGHT THOUGHT

Right  Thought  ==  正思維

right  thought  and  intent;  avoiding  desire  and  ill-will;  the  second  of  the  Eightfold  Path.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【490】sammuti sacca

”conventional  truth”,  is  identical  with  voha^ra-sacca  (s.  paramattha-sacca).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【491】satipattha^na

  the  4  ”foundations  of  mindfulness”,  lit.”awarenesses  of  mindfulness”  (sati-upattha^na),  are:  contemplation  of  body,  feeling,  mind  and  mind-objects.  -  For  sati,  s.  prec.
A  detailed  treatment  of  this  subject,  so  important  for  the  practice  of  Buddhist  mental  culture,  is  given  in  the  2  Satipattha^na  Suttas  (D.  22;  M.  10),  which  at  the  start  as  well  as  the  conclusion,  proclaim  the  weighty  words:  "The  only  way  that  leads  to  the  attainment  of  purity,  to  the  overcoming  of  sorrow  and  lamentation,  to  the  end  of  pain  and  grief,  to  the  entering  of  the  right  path,  and  to  the  realization  of  Nibba^na  is  the  4  foundations  of  mindfulness."
After  these  introductory  words,  and  upon  the  question  which  these  4  are,  it  is  said  that  the  monk  dwells  in  contemplation  of  the  body,  the  feelings,  the  mind,  and  the  mind-objects,  "ardent,  clearly  conscious  and  mindful,  after  putting  away  worldly  greed  and  grief."
These  4  contemplations  are  in  reality  not  to  be  taken  as  merely  separate  exercises,  but  on  the  contrary,  at  least  in  many  cases,  especially  in  the  absorptions,  as  things  inseparably  associated  with  each  other.  Thereby  the  Satipatha^na  Sutta  forms  an  illustration  of  the  way  in  which  these  4  contemplations  relating  to  the  5  groups  of  existence  (khandha,  q.v.)  simultaneously  come  to  be  realized,  and  finally  lead  to  insight  into  the  impersonality  of  all  existence.
(1)  The  contemplation  of  the  body  (ka^yanupassana^)  consists  of  the  following  exercises:  mindfulness  with  regard  to  in-and-outbreathing  (a^na^pa^nasati,  q.v.),  minding  the  4  postures  (iriya^patha,  q.v.),  mindfulness  and  clarity  of  consciousness  (satisampajan~n~a,  q.v.),  reflection  on  the  32  parts  of  the  body  (s.  ka^yagata^sati  and  asubha),  analysis  of  the  4  physical  elements  (dha^tuvavattha^na,  q.v.),  cemetery  meditations  (si^vathika^  q.v.).
(2)  All  feelings  (vedana^nupassana^)  that  arise  in  the  meditator  he  clearly  perceives,  namely:  agreeable  and  disagreeable  feeling  of  body  and  mind,  sensual  and  super-sensual  feeling,  indifferent  feeling  .
(3)  He  further  clearly  perceives  and  understands  any  state  of  consciousness  or  mind  (citta^nupassana^),  whether  it  is  greedy  or  not,  hateful  or  not,  deluded  or  not,  cramped  or  distracted,  developed  or  undeveloped,  surpassable  or  unsurpassable,  concentrated  or  unconcentrated,  liberated  or  unliberated.
(4)  Concerning  the  mind-objects  (dhamma^nupassana^),  he  knows  whether  one  of  the  five  hindrances  (ni^varana,  q.v.)  is  present  in  him  or  not,  knows  how  it  arises,  how  it  is  overcome,  and  how  in  future  it  does  no  more  arise.  He  knows  the  nature  of  each  of  the  five  groups  (khandha,  q.v.),  how  they  arise,  and  how  they  are  dissolved.  He  knows  the  12  bases  of  all  mental  activity  (a^yatana  q.v.):  the  eye  and  the  visual  object,  the  ear  and  the  audible  object,  ..  mind  and  mind-object,  he  knows  the  fetters  (samyojana,  q.v.)  based  on  them,  knows  how  they  arise,  how  they  are  overcome,  and  how  in  future  they  do  no  more  arise.  He  knows  whether  one  of  the  seven  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.)  is  present  in  him  or  not,  knows  how  it  arises,  and  how  it  comes  to  full  development.  Each  of  the  Four  Noble  Truths  (sacca,  q.v.)  he  understands  according  to  reality.
The  4  contemplations  comprise  several  exercises,  but  the  Satipattha^na  should  not  therefore  be  thought  of  as  a  mere  collection  of  meditation  subjects,  any  one  of  which  may  be  taken  out  and  practised  alone.  Though  most  of  the  exercises  appear  also  elsewhere  in  the  Buddhist  scriptures,  in  the  context  of  this  sutta  they  are  chiefly  intended  for  the  cultivation  of  mindfulness  and  insight,  as  indicated  by  the  repetitive  passage  concluding  each  section  of  the  sutta  (see  below).  The  4  contemplations  cover  all  the  5  groups  of  existence  (khandha,  q.v.),  because  mindfulness  is  meant  to  encompass  the  whole  personality.  Hence,  for  the  full  development  of  mindfulness,  the  practice  should  extend  to  all  4  types  of  contemplation,  though  not  every  single  exercise  mentioned  under  these  four  headings  need  be  taken  up.  A  methodical  practice  of  Satipattha^na  has  to  start  with  one  of  the  exercises  out  of  the  group  ”contemplation  of  the  body”,  which  will  serve  as  the  primary  and  regular  subject  of  meditation:  The  other  exercises  of  the  group  and  the  other  contemplatons  are  to  be  cultivated  when  occasion  for  them  arises  during  meditation  and  in  everyday  life.
After  cach  contemplation  it  is  shown  how  it  finally  leads  to  insight-knowledge:  "Thus  with  regard  to  his  own  body  he  contemplates  the  body,  with  regard  to  the  bodies  of  others  he  contemplates  the  body,  with  regard  to  both  he  contemplates  the  body.  He  beholds  how  the  body  arises  and  how  it  passes  away,  beholds  the  arising  and  passing  away  of  the  body.”A  body  is  there”  (but  no  living  being,  no  individual,  no  woman,  no  man,  no  self,  nothing  that  belongs  to  a  self;  neither  a  person,  nor  anything  belonging  to  a  person;  Com.):  thus  he  has  established  his  attentiveness  as  far  as  it  serves  his  knowledge  and  mindfulness,  and  he  lives  independent,  unattached  to  anything  in  the  world.””
In  the  same  way  he  contemplates  feeling,  mind  and  mind-objects.
In  M.  118  it  is  shown  how  these  four  foundations  of  mindfulness  may  be  brought  about  by  the  exercise  of  mindfulness  on  in-and-out  breathing  (a^na^pa^na-sati,  q.v.).
Literature:  The  Way  of  Mindfullness,  tr.  of  Sutta  and  Com.,  by  Soma  Thera  (3rd  ed;  Kandy  1967,  BPS).  -  The  Heart  of  Buddhist  Meditation,  by  Nyanaponika  Thera  (3rd  ed.;  London.  Rider  &  Co.).  The  Foundations  of  Mindfulness  (tr.  of  M.  10),  Nyanasatta  Thera  (Wheel  19).  The  Satipattha^na  Sutta  and  its  Application  to  Modern  Life,  V.  F.  Gunaratna  (WHEEL  60).  -  The  Power  of  Mindfulness  by  Nyanaponika  Thera  (WHEEL  121/122).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【492】silent buddha

  pacceka-buddha  (q.v.).

英漢對照詞典 【493】SIX ENTRANCES

Six  Entrances  ==  六入

see  Six  Places  and  Six  Indriyas.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【494】stream winner

  s.  sota^panna,  ariya-puggala.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【495】subha nimitta

”beautiful  (or  attractive)  object  of  mind”;  it  may  become  an  inducement  to  the  arising  of  sense-desire  (ka^macchanda;  s.  ni^varana):  "No  other  thing  do  I  know,  o  monks,  through  which  in  such  a  degree  sense-desire  may  arise,  and  once  arisen  will  continue  to  grow,  as  an  attractive  object.  Whoso  does  not  wisely  consider  an  attractive  object,  in  him  sense-desire  will  arise,  and  once  arisen  will  continue  to  grow"  (A.  I,  2).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【496】tanha^ kkhaya

”extinction  of  craving”,  is  identical  with  ”extinction  of  cankers”  (a^savakkhaya)  and  the  attainment  of  perfect  Holiness  or  Arahatship.  Cf.  ariya-puggala.

英漢對照詞典 【497】THREE POISONS

Three  Poisons  ==  叁毒(貪、嗔、癡)

or  Three  Roots  
1.Greed  or  wrong  desire  
2.Hatred  or  anger  
3.Illusion  or  stupidity  or  ignorance  
These  are  the  source  of  all  the  passions  and  delusions.

英漢對照詞典 【498】THREE SHASTRA

Three  Shastra  ==  叁論

They  are  
1.Madhyamaka  Shastra中論  
2.Dvadashamukha  Shastra十二門論  
3.Shatika  Shastra百論  
All  three  were  translated  by  Kumarajiva(鸠摩羅什),  on  which  the  Three  Shastra  Sect(叁論宗)  bases  its  doctrines.

英漢對照詞典 【499】THREE STUDIES

Three  Studies  ==  叁學(戒、定、慧)

or  Three  Vehicles  of  Learning  
1.Sila,  i.e.  taking  Precepts  
2.Dhyana,  i.e.  concentration  and  meditation  
3.Prajna,  i.e.  wisdom  
It  is  practiced  by  the  Arhats.

英漢對照詞典 【500】THREE VIRTUES

Three  Virtues  ==  叁德

The  three  virtues  of  power,  
1.the  virtue,  or  potency  of  the  Buddha”s  eternal,  spiritual  body,  i.e.,  the  Dharmakaya  
2.the  virtue  of  his  Prajna,  knowing  all  things  in  their  reality  
3.the  virtue  of  his  freedom  from  all  attachments  and  his  sovereign  liberty

英漢對照詞典 【501】TIEN TAI SECT

Tien  Tai  Sect  ==  天臺宗

One  of  the  Ten  Great  Sect  in  Chinese  Buddhism.  It  was  initiated  by  Hui  Man  in  the  dynasty  of  Bei-Chai,  and  was  promoted  by  Chi-Hai  in  Tsui  Dynasty.  Mainly  based  on  Lotus  Sutra,  Tien  Tai  Sect  explains  all  universal  phenomena  with  Three  Dogmas.  For  the  practices,  it  emphasizes  cutting  off  Three  Delusions,  thus  establishes  the  method  of  Three  Meditations  of  One  Mind.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【502】tittha^yatana

  the  3  ”articles  of  (heretical)  belief”.  which  in  A.  III,  61  are  declared  as  leading  to  inactivity,  are:  (1)  the  belief  that  all  happiness  and  woe  are  produced  through  former  karma  (prenatal  actions;  s.  karma);  (2)  that  everything  is  uncaused;  (3)  that  everything  is  created  by  God.
(1)  is  the  teaching  of  Niggantha-Na^thaputta,  the  leader  of  the  Nigganthas,  the  modern  Jains.  The  fault  with  this  doctrine  is  that  it  does  not  account  for  that  happiness  and  woe  which  either  are  the  result  of  the  present  life”s  good  or  bad  action,  or  are  associated  with  the  corresponding  action.  (2)  is  the  doctrine  of  Makkhali  Gosa^la;  s.  ditthi.
According  to  the  above  3  doctrines,  man  is  not  responsible  for  his  actions,  so  that  all  moral  exertions  become  useless.

英漢對照詞典 【503】TWELVE PLACES

Twelve  Places  ==  十二處

see  the  Twelve  Bases.

英漢對照詞典 【504】TWO OBSTACLES

Two  Obstacles  ==  二障(煩惱障、所知障)

Two  Obstacles  refer  to  
1.the  obstacle  of  afflictions  
2.the  obstacle  of  what  is  known

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