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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 业(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 识(Vijnana) 无常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 结集(samgiti) 轮回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【37】hell

  niraya  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【38】hetu

  ”cause”,  condition,  reason;  (Abhidhamma)  root-condition.  In  sutta  usage  it  is  almost  synonymous  with  paccaya,  ”condition”,  and  often  occurs  together  with  it  (”What  is  the  cause,  what  is  the  condition”,  ko  hetu  ko  paccayo).
In  Abhidhamma,  it  denotes  the  wholesome  and  unwholesome  roots  (múla,  q.v.).  In  that  sense,  as  ”root-condition”  (hetu-paccaya;  s.  paccaya),  it  is  the  first  of  the  24  conditions  given  in  the  introduction  to  the  Pattha^na  (s.  Guide,  p.  117).  The  Dhs  (1052-1082)  and  Pattha^na  (Duka-patth;  Guide,  p.  144)  have  sections  on  roots  (hetu).  -  The  term  is  also  used  (a)  for  the  classification  of  consciousness,  as  sa-hetuka  and  a-hetuka,  with  and  without  concomitant  root-conditions;  (b)  for  a  division  of  rebirth  consciousness  into  ahetuka,  dvihetuka  and  tihetuka,  without,  with  2,  or  with  3  root-conditions  (s.  patisandhi).
Ahetuka-ditthi,  the  false  view  of  the  uncausedness  of  existence;  s.  ditthi.

南传佛教英文辞典 【39】loka

  ”world”,  denotes  the  3  spheres  of  existence  comprising  the  whole  universe,  i.e.  (1)  the  sensuous  world  (ka^ma-loka),  or  the  world  of  the  5  senses;  (2)  the  fine-material  world  (rúpa-loka),  corresponding  to  the  4  fine-material  absorptions  (s.  jha^na  1-4);  (3)  the  immaterial  world  (arúpa-loka),  corresponding  to  the  4  immaterial  absorptions  (s.  jha^na,  5-8).
The  sensuous  world  comprises  the  hells  (niraya),  the  animal  kingdom  (tiraccha^na-yoni),  the  ghost-realm  (peta-loka),  the  demon  world  (asura-nika^ya),  the  human  world  (manussa-loka)  and  the  6  lower  celestial  worlds  (s.  deva  I).  In  the  fine-material  world  (s.  deva  II)  still  exist  the  faculties  of  seeing  and  hearing,  which,  together  with  the  other  sense  faculties,  are  temporarily  suspended  in  the  4  absorptions.  In  the  immaterial  world  (s.  deva  III)  there  is  no  corporeality  whatsoever,  only  the  four  mental  groups  (s.  khandha)  exist  there.
Though  the  term  loka  is  not  applied  in  the  Suttas  to  those  3  worlds,  but  only  the  term  bhava,  ”existence”  (e.g.  M.  43),  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  teaching  about  the  3  worlds  belongs  to  the  earliest,  i.e.  sutta-period,  of  the  Buddhist  scriptures,  as  many  relevant  passages  show.

南传佛教英文辞典 【40】lust

  s.  ra^ga.

南传佛教英文辞典 【41】mada

  ”infatuation”."Infatuation  is  of  3  kinds:  youth-infatuation,  health-infatuation,  life-infatuation"  (D.  33)."Infatuated  by  youth-infatuation,  by  health-infatuation  and  by  life-infatuation,  the  ignorant  worldling  pursues  an  evil  course  in  bodily  actions,  speech  and  thought,  and  thereby,  at  the  dissolution  of  the  body,  after  death,  passes  to  a  lower  world,  to  a  woeful  course  of  existence,  to  a  state  of  suffering  and  hell"  (A.  III,  39).

南传佛教英文辞典 【42】mala

  ”stains”,  is  a  name  for  the  3  karmically  unwholesome  roots  (akusala-múla);  greed,  hate  and  delusion  (lobha,  dosa,  moha).

南传佛教英文辞典 【43】mano

  ”mind”,  is  in  the  Abhidhamma  used  as  synonym  of  vin~n~a^na  (consciousness)  and  citta  (state  of  consciousness,  mind).  According  to  the  Com.  to  Vis.M.,  it  sometimes  means  sub-consciousness  (s.  bhavanga-sota).

英汉对照词典 【44】MARK

Mark  ==  相

Lakana  in  Sanskrit  word.  It  is  a  notion  of  form.  In  Diamond  Sutra,  it  says  "All  with  marks  is  empty  and  false.  If  you  can  see  all  marks  as  no  marks  then  you  see  the  Tathagata."

南传佛教英文辞典 【45】meat

  eating.  Just  as  the  karmical,  i.e.  moral,  quality  of  any  action  is  determined  by  the  quality  of  volition  (cetana^)  underlying  it,  and  independently  of  this  volition  nothing  whatever  can  be  called  karmically  wholesome  or  unwholesome  (kusala,  akusala),  just  so  it  is  with  the  merely  external  act  of  meat-eating,  this  being  as  such  purely  non-moral,  i.e.  karmically  neutral  (avya^kata).
”In  3  circumstances  meat-eating  is  to  be  rejected:  if  one  has  seen,  or  heard,  or  suspects  (that  the  animal  has  been  slaughtered  expressly  for  one”s  own  sake)"  (M.  55).  For  if  in  such  a  case  one  should  partake  of  the  meat,  one  would  as  it  were  approve  the  murder  of  animals,  and  thus  encourage  the  animal-murderer  in  his  murderous  deeds.  Besides,  that  the  Buddha  never  objected,  in  ordinary  circumstances,  to  meat-eating  may  be  clearly  understood  from  many  passages  of  the  Suttas  (e.g.  A.  V.  44;  VIII,  12;  M.  55,  etc.),  as  also  from  the  Vinaya,  where  it  is  related  that  the  Buddha  firmly  rejected  Devadatta”s  proposal  to  forbid  meat-eating  to  the  monks;  further  from  the  fact  that  10  kinds  of  meat  were  (for  merely  external  reasons)  forbidden  to  the  monks,  namely  from  elephants,  tigers,  serpents,  etc.
See  Amagandha  Sutta  (Sn.).  Early  Buddhism  and  the  Taking  of  Life,  by  I.  B.  Horner  (WHEEL  104).

南传佛教英文辞典 【46】mind

  mano  (q.v.);  cf.  na^ma.

南传佛教英文辞典 【47】mind

  training,  ”higher”:  adhicitta-sikkha^,  s.  sikkha^.

南传佛教英文辞典 【48】moha

  carita  the  ”deluded-natured”;  s.  carita.

南传佛教英文辞典 【49】moha

  ”delusion”,  is  one  of  the  3  unwholesome  roots  (múla,  q.v.).  The  best  known  synonym  is  avijja^  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【50】múla

  ”roots”,  also  called  hetu  (q.v.;  s.  paccaya,  1),  are  those  conditions  which  through  their  presence  determine  the  actual  moral  quality  of  a  volitional  state  (cetana^),  and  the  consciousness  and  mental  factors  associated  therewith,  in  other  words,  the  quality  of  karma  (q.v.).  There  are  6  such  roots,  3  karmically  wholesome  and  3  unwholesome  roots,  viz.,:  greed,  hate,  delusion  (lobha,  dosa,  moha),  and  greedlessness,  hatelessness,  undeludedness  (alobha,  adosa,  amoha).
In  A.  III,  68  it  is  said  that  greed  arises  through  unwise  reflection  on  an  attractive  object,  hate  through  unwise  reflection  on  a  repulsive  object.  Thus,  greed  (lobha  or  ra^ga)  comprises  all  degrees  of  ”attractedness”  towards  an  object  from  the  faintest  trace  of  a  longing  thought  up  to  grossest  egoism,  whilst  hatred  (dosa)  comprises  all  degrees  of  ”repulsion”  from  the  faintest  trace  of  ill-humor  up  to  the  highest  pitch  of  hate  and  wrath.
The  3  wholesome  (kusala)  roots,  greedlessness,  etc.,  though  expressed  in  negative  terms,  nevertheless  possess  a  distinctly  positive  character,  just  as  is  also  often  the  case  with  negative  terms  in  other  languages,  for  example,  the  negative  term  ”immorality”,  which  has  a  decidedly  positive  character.
Thus,  greedlessness  (alobha)  is  a  name  for  unselfishness,  liberality,  etc.,  hatelessness  (adosa)  for  kindness  or  goodwill  (metta^),  undeludedness  (amoha)  for  wisdom  (pan~n~a^).
"The  perception  of  impurity  is  to  be  developed  in  order  to  overcome  greed  (lust);  loving-kindness  in  order  to  overcome  hate;  wisdom  in  order  to  overcome  delusion"  (A.  VI,  107).
"Killing,  stealing,  unlawful  sexual  intercourse,  lying,  tale-bearing,  harsh  language,  frivolous  talk,  covetousness,  ill-will  and  wrong  views  (s.  kammapatha),  these  things  are  due  either  to  greed,  or  hate,  or  delusion"  (A.  X,  174).
"Enraptured  with  lust  (greed),  enraged  with  hate,  blinded  by  delusion,  overwhelmed,  with  mind  ensnared,  man  aims  at  his  own  ruin,  at  others”  ruin,  at  the  ruin  of  both,  and  he  experiences  mental  pain  and  grief.  And  he  follows  evil  ways  in  deeds,  words  and  thought...  And  he  really  knows  neither  his  own  welfare,  nor  the  welfare  of  others,  nor  the  welfare  of  both.  These  things  make  him  blind  and  ignorant,  hinder  his  knowledge,  are  painful,  and  do  not  lead  him  to  peace."
The  presence  or  absence  of  the  3  unwholesome  roots  forms  part  of  the  mind  contemplation  in  the  Satipattha^na  Sutta  (M.  10).  They  are  also  used  for  the  classification  of  unwholesome  consciousness  (s.  Tab.  I).
See  The  Roots  of  Good  and  Evil,  by  Nyanaponika  Thera  (WHEEL  251/253).

南传佛教英文辞典 【51】ogha

  ”floods”,  is  a  name  for  the  4  cankers  (a^sava,  q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【52】oja^

  ”nutriment”  (synonym  of  a^ha^ra,  q.v.),  is  one  of  those  8  minimal  constituent  parts,  or  qualities,  of  all  corporeality,  to  wit:  the  solid,  liquid,  heat,  motion;  colour,  odour,  taste  and  nutriment.  This  is  the  ”octad  with  nutriment  as  the  eighth  (factor)”  (ojatthamaka-kala^pa),  also  called  the  ”pure  eightfold  unit”  (suddhatthaka-kala^pa),  being  the  most  primitive  material  combination.  For  further  details,  s.  rúpa-kala^pa.

南传佛教英文辞典 【53】once

  eater,  the  practice  of  the:  s.  dhutanga.

南传佛教英文辞典 【54】open

  air,  practice  of  living  in  the:  s.  dhutanga.

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