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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【595】happiness

  feeling  of  h.:  s.  sukha.  -  The  idea  of  h.  (of  the  world),  s.  vipalla^sa.

英漢對照詞典 【596】IGNORANCE

Ignorance  ==  無明

Sanskrit  word  is  Avidya.  Literally,  it  means  darkness  without  illumination.  Actually  it  refers  to  illusion  without  englightenment,  i.e.,  the  illusory  phenomena  for  realities.  Avidya  is  the  first  or  the  last  of  the  Twelve  Nidanas.  Ignorance,  karma  and  desire  are  the  three  forces  that  cause  reincarnation.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【597】ignorance

  avijja^  (q.v.);  further  s.  paticcasamuppa^da  (1).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【598】immediacy

  an  alternative  rendering  for  contiguity-condition,  samanatara-paccaya,  which  is  one  of  the  24  conditions  (paccaya,  q.v.)

南傳佛教英文辭典 【599】immediate

  the:  a^nantariya  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【600】impulsion

  javana  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【601】indulging

  (in  joy,  sadness  etc.):  s.  manopavica^ra.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【602】intention

  chanda  (q.v.)  .

南傳佛教英文辭典 【603】knowledge

  cf.  pan~n~a^,  n~a^na,  vijja^,  vipassana^,  abhin~n~a^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【604】kolankola

  ”passing  from  one  noble  family  to  another”,  is  the  name  for  one  of  the  3  kinds  of  Sota^panna  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【605】lightness

  (of  corporeality,  mental  factors  and  consciousness):  lahuta^  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【606】lokuttara

  ”supermundane”,  is  a  term  for  the  4  paths  and  4  fruitions  of  sota^patti,  etc.  (s.  ariya-puggala),  with  Nibba^na  as  ninth.  Hence  one  speaks  of  ”9  supermundane  things”  (nava-lokuttara-dhamma).  Cf.  prec.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【607】mahaggata

  lit.,  ”grown  great”,  i.e.”developed”,  exalted,  supernormal.  As  mahaggata-citta,  it  is  the  state  of  ”developed  consciousness”,  attained  in  the  fine-material  and  immaterial  absorptions  (s.  jha^na);  it  is  mentioned  in  the  mind-contemplation  of  the  Satipattha^na  Sutta  (M.  10).  -  As  mahaggata^rammana,  it  is  the  ”developed  mental  object”  of  those  absorptions  and  is  mentioned  in  the  ”object  triad”  of  the  Abhidhamma  schedule  and  Dhs.  (s.  Guide,  p.  6).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【608】micchatta

  ”wrongnesses”  =  prec.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【609】mind base

  mana^yatana;  s.  a^yatana.

英漢對照詞典 【610】NAGARJUNA

Nagarjuna  ==  龍樹菩薩

a  Bodhisattva  in  South  India,  born  about  800  years  after  the  Nirvana  of  Shakyamuni.  He  was  the  founder  of  Madhyamika  (Middle  Way)  and  Sunya  (emptiness).  He  had  plenty  of  writings  in  Buddhism.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【611】nekkhamma

  ”freedom  from  sensual  lust”,  renunciation.  Though  apparently  from  nir  +  ?  kram,  ”to  go  forth  (into  the  homeless  state  of  a  monk)”,  this  term  is  in  the  Pa^li  texts  nevertheless  used  as  if  it  were  derived  from  ka^ma,  lust,  and  always  as  an  antonym  to  ka^ma.  It  is  one  of  the  perfections  (s.  pa^rami^).  N.  sankappa,  thought  free  from  lust,  or  thought  of  renunciation,  is  one  of  the  3  kinds  of  right  thought  (samma^-sankappa),  the  2nd  link  of  the  Noble  Eightfold  Path  (s.  magga,  2),  its  antonym  being  ka^masankappa,  lustful  thought.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【612】ni^varana

  ”hindrances”,  are  5  qualities  which  are  obstacles  to  the  mind  and  blind  our  mental  vision.  In  the  presence  of  them  we  cannot  reach  neighbourhood-concentration  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi)  and  full  concentration  (appana^-sama^dhi),  and  are  unable  to  discern  clearly  the  truth.  They  are:
1.  sensuous  desire  (ka^macchanda),
2.  ill-will  (vya^pa^da),
3.  sloth  and  torpor  (thi^na-middha),
4.  restlessness  and  scruples  (uddhacca-kukkucca),  and
5.  skeptical  doubt  (vicikiccha^;  q.v.).
In  the  beautiful  similes  in  A.  V,  193,  sensuous  desire  is  compared  with  water  mixed  with  manifold  colours,  ill-will  with  boiling  water,  sloth  and  torpor  with  water  covered  by  moss,  restlessness  and  scruples  with  agitated  water  whipped  by  the  wind,  skeptical  doubt  with  turbid  and  muddy  water.  Just  as  in  such  water  one  cannot  perceive  one”s  own  reflection,  so  in  the  presence  of  these  5  mental  hindrances,  one  cannot  clearly  discern  one”s  own  benefit,  nor  that  of  others,  nor  that  of  both.
Regarding  the  temporary  suspension  of  the  5  hindrances  on  entering  the  first  absorption,  the  stereotype  sutta  text  (e  g.  A.  IX,  40)  runs  as  follows:
"He  has  cast  away  sensuous  desire;  he  dwells  with  a  heart  free  from  sensuous  desire;  from  desire  he  cleanses  his  heart.
"He  has  cast  away  ill-will;  he  dwells  with  a  heart  free  from  ill-will,  cherishing  love  and  compassion  toward  all  living  beings,  he  cleanses  his  heart  from  ill-will.
"He  has  cast  away  sloth  and  torpor;  he  dwells  free  from  sloth  and  torpor;  loving  the  light,  with  watchful  mind,  with  clear  consciousness,  he  cleanses  his  mind  from  sloth  and  torpor.
"He  has  cast  away  restlessness  and  scruples;  dwelling  with  mind  undisturbed,  with  heart  full  of  peace,  he  cleanses  his  mind  from  restlessness  and  scruples.
"He  has  cast  away  skeptical  doubt;  dwelling  free  from  doubt,  full  of  confidence  in  the  good,  he  cleanses  his  heart  from  doubt.
"He  has  put  aside  these  5  hindrances,  and  come  to  know  these  paralysing  defilements  of  the  mind.  And  far  from  sensual  impressions,  far  from  unwholesome  things,  he  enters  into  the  first  absorption,  etc."
The  overcoming  of  these  5  hindrances  by  the  absorptions  is,  as  already  pointed  out,  a  merely  temporary  suspension,  called  ”overcoming  through  repression”  (vikkhambhana-paha^na).  They  disappear  forever  on  entering  the  4  supermundane  paths  (s.  ariyapuggala),  i.e.  skeptical  doubt  on  reaching  Sota^panship;  sensuous  desire,  ill-will  and  mental  worry  on  reaching  Ana^ga^miship;  sloth,  torpor  and  restlessness  on  reaching  Arahatship.
For  their  origination  and  their  overcoming,  s.  A.  I,  2;  VI,  21;  S.  XLVI,  51.
See  The  Five  Mental  Hindrances,  by  Nyanaponika  Thera  (WHEEL  26).

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