T的解释_T是什么意思？什么是T？-第35页 - 佛教词典

共在5本字典中找到 1000+ 条与“T”相关的内容

以下是全部词典的第35页查询结果：

提示：搜索结果中包含950个词条内容，为节省您的时间，你可以先看词条再看内容解释。显示词条列表▼

utu atta both catu gati hate hetu lust meat path peta sati talk ties tree unit agati amata ARHAT atta^ citta death doubt faith great ja^ti light merit METTA mirth pi^ti right satta sloth STUPA SUTRA vatta water " action ANATTA Arahat atappa beauty carita dha^tu ditthi eating EFFORT effort fixity forest gantha ghosts growth JATAKA khanti MANTRA MATTER matter method metta^ MUDITA object purity stains sugati taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita vatthu virati virtue agility anatta^ cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter created destiny devotee duggati emotion factors fetters HUA TOU insight ji^vita lahuta^ mastery matured mudita^ muduta^ neutral nimitta okkanti ottappa patched patigha perfect rapture reality rebirth samatha sammuti sassata sitting thought turning vimutti vipatti vitakka vivatta a^yatana adherent AMITABHA anussati atima^na ca^ritta cemetery cetasika departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fruition gotrabhú impurity interest kammanta KSATRIYA maintain MAITREYA MORALITY morality nibbatti not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice reaction sammatta sankhata santa^na serenity sucarita Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training ujukata^ uposatha upstream virility vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) acinteyya adhicitta akanittha anottappa asankhata attention avya^kata beautiful breathing cetokhila character CONDITION deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga duccarita dukkhata^ EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties formation immediate intention lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta nutriment obstacles pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha proximity ready wit SARIPUTRA SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS something ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA vinipa^ta aberration absorption ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates analytical antinomies appendants awakenment BODHISATTA Bodhisatta conception conditions contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment dibba sota ego entity elasticity enthusiasm equanimity EXTINCTION extinction femininity foundation functional generation impurities inducement intimation liberality liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation mutability opapa^tika paramattha patisandhi pattida^na productive puthujjana reflection repetition RIGHT VIEW sama^patti sensuality si^labbata sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path 无常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness EIGHT WINDS enlightened foundations immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative intoxicants itthindriya kamma patha kamma vatta LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object origination pa^timokkha paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections personality preparatory realization RECOGNITION rúpa^yatana sala^yatana samuttha^na san~cetana^ si^vathika^ tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable uprightness vavattha^na 结集(samgiti) 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dispensation dissociation fire element FOUR VIRTUES hate natured heat element hiri ottappa inclinations intoxicating ka^ma tanha^ kammattha^na karma result light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purification ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH santutthita^ SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry TEN PARAMITA THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM tranquillity TWELVE BASES twin miracle va^yo dha^tu vatthu ka^ma wind element 三界(tridhatu) 铁萨罗(Tissara) Abbreviations ahetuka citta anatta^ va^da anuloma citta attentiveness atthi paccaya birth process cakkhu dha^tu concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation contentedness deathlessness determination dhamma dha^tu dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta earth element ENLIGHTENMENT enlightenment FIVE PRECEPTS fixed destiny FOUR FRUITION hadaya vatthu imperfections investigating investigation ka^ya lahuta^ kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness lohita kasina material food mental action nimma^na rati oda^ta kasina pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence RIGHT THOUGHT sammuti sacca satipattha^na silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta tanha^ kkhaya THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT tittha^yatana TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES unconditioned understanding verbal action vipacitan~n~u vivatta kappa water element weighty karma 阿旃陀石窟(Ajanta) 舍卫城(Sravasti) 因明(Hetuvidya) a^ka^sa dha^tu abhibha^yatana ahetuka ditthi akiriya ditthi altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha auditory organ AVALOKITESVARA buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ citta santa^na citta visuddhi devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path frivolous talk greedy natured habitual karma kalya^na mitta katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth sahetuka citta samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS uccheda ditthi uggaha nimitta ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava va^ritta si^la vibhava tanha^ vigata paccaya visible object 大圆满(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 三谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana characteristics citta sankha^ra deluded natured ditth’upa^da^na ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS eternity belief FOUR GREAT VOWS gotrabhú n~a^na gustatory organ indriya samatta mental function mental obduracy natthika ditthi nihilistic view olfactory organ pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika sankhitta citta sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma tadanga paha^na TAKING PRECEPTS tatha^gata bala THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vitakka vica^ra 百论(Sata-sastra) 大藏经（tri-pitaka）法界(dharmadhatu) 极乐世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anantara paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series dukkha patipada^ EIGHT SUFFERINGS equality conceit faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations khandha santa^na life infatuation mano san~cetana^ mental formation monks’ community natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma nissaya nissita pan~n~a^ vimutti pindapa^tik’anga reversible merit RIGHT LIVELIHOOD round of rebirth santi^rana citta streams of merit supportive karma te ci^varik’anga THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS tiraccha^na yoni vaci^ vin~n~atti votthapana citta wheel of the law 经量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律经(Vinaya-sutra) 三性(tri-svabhava) 四谛(catur-satyas) 吴哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nantarika kamma a^nupubbi^ katha^ ahirika anottappa anatta^nupassana^ animitta vimokkha ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS highest knowledge immaterial sphere ineffective karma kusala kammapatha mental advertence n~a^ta parin~n~a^ na^natta san~n~a^ NO STRIFE SAMADHI pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la parikamma nimitta paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga pureja^ta paccaya RIGHT REMEMBRANCE sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava SINGALOVADA SUTRA tatramajjhattata^ TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upagha^taka kamma vin~n~a^na tthiti youth infatuation 迦毗罗卫(Kapilavastu) 三学(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika an~n~a^ta^vindriya asankha^rika citta atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava ceto pariya n~a^na corporeality group cycle of existence dha^tu vavattha^na hasituppa^da citta health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge meritorious action nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES SPHERE OF NO-THING tada^rammana citta tatra majjhattata^ ti^rana parin~n~a^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH vippayutta paccaya wheel of existence 佛所行赞(Buddhacarita) 解脱道论(Vimuttimagga) 四大(caturmahabhuta) 五种姓(panca-gotrani) alcohol prohibition anabhirati san~n~a^ analytical doctrine animitta^nupassana^ answering questions appanihita vimokkha attha patisambhida^ counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS FOUR UNLIMITED MIND fruits of monk life gradual instruction inferiority conceit intelligent natured lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka majjhima^ patipada^ one group existence RIGHT CONCENTRATION RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma yamaka pa^tiha^riya 阿底峡(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘经(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 约7世纪) 六足论(Satpada sastra) 说一切有部(Sarvastivada) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge akuppa^ ceto vimutti cemetery meditations cinta^ maya pan~n~a^ derived corporeality dhamma patisambhida^ dhamma tthiti n~a^na ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA manovinn~a^na dha^tu NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE niyata miccha^ditthi pa^rami^ pa^ramita^ paccha^ja^ta paccaya parami^ = pa^ramita^ pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process samvejani^ya ttha^na SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika UNCONDITIONED DHARMA VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘论(Mahayana sastra) 小乘论(Hinayana sastra) 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana animitta ceto vimutti antara^ parinibba^yi^ bhojane mattan~n~uta^ corporeality and mind death proximate karma dependent origination DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more mind and corporeality ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na produced corporeality pun~n~a kiriya vatthu questions and answers sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit ubhato bha^ga vimutta vi^thi = citta vi^thi vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana 梵网经(Brahmajala-sutra) 中论(Madhyamika-sastra) appama^na ceto vimutti bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa doctrine of the Buddha FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA ji^vita navaka kala^pa kamma samuttha^na rúpa resistance perceptions sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 长阿含经(Dirghagama-sutra) 楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra) 缘起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala determining the reality FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成实论(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 法称(Dharmakirti 约6~7世纪) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 四分律(Dharmagupta-vinaya) 月称(Candrakirti 约7世纪中叶) ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI attainment concentration clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ego idea, ego perception multiformity perceptions pa^na^tipa^ta^ veramani^ paccaya sannissita si^la patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日经(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂护(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 约590~647) 十诵律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 无量寿经(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 杂阿含经(Samyuktagama-sutra) hate rooted consciousness independently enlightened indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文学(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提会(Maha Bodhi Society) 增一阿含经(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含经（Madh yamagama-sutra） a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION THREEFOLD BODY OF A BUDDHA uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 发智论(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍论(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教（Vietnamese Buddhism） balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS thought thought conception yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建筑(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT 常乐我净(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃经(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 观无量寿经(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞严经(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩萨戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]双提赞Khri－Sron－Lde－bTsan 瑜伽师地论(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) dittha dhamma vedani^ya kamma EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 中国佛教美术（Buddhist　art　in　China） ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 维摩经(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 大般若经(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 铃木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法莲华经(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中国佛教音乐(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度论(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa ▲ 收起

中国百科全书【613】法界(dharmadhatu)

　　Fajie

　　佛教术语。法泛指宇宙万有一切事物，包括世出世间法，通常释为“轨持”，即一切不同的万事万物都能保持各自的特性，互不相紊，并按自身的轨则，能让人们理解是什么事物。界，含有种族、分齐的意思，即分门别类的不同事物各守其不同的界限。法界一词，在佛学中，一般指意识所缘的境，即十八界中之法界。此法界在小乘七十五法中摄四十六心所、十四不相应行、三无为法及无表色，共六十四法。在大乘百法中摄五十一心所、二十四不相应行、六无为法及法处所摄色（无表），共八十二法。有说法界统摄一切法，其余十七界亦名法界。不同的经论和宗派，对法界的开合分类有所不同，有一法界、三法界、四法界、五法界、十法界等说法。如，《杂阿含经》、《大般若经》、《华严经》、《大乘起信论》等讲一法界，华严宗讲三法界、四法界、五法界、十法界，天台宗、密宗也讲十法界。

　　一法界　　又称缘起法界、真如法界、一真法界、清净法界，并各有不同的解释。1、缘起法界。指无明、行、识、名色、六处、触、受、爱、取、有、生、老死十二缘起法。因为有无明，所以有行，因为有行所以有识，乃至因为有生所以有老死。此缘起法非佛所作，亦非余人所作，若佛出世，若不出世，法性常住。2、真如法界。指宇宙万有诸法理体的不变易性、不虚妄性、离言说相、诸法实相。3、一真法界，亦即真如法界。在华严宗称“理”，在天台宗名“实相”，在唯识宗叫“胜义”，“无二曰一，不妄名真，交彻融摄，故曰法界，即是诸佛平等法身”。4、清净法界。指一切有情远离一切烦恼障、所智障而显现的本来清净的佛性亦即佛的清净法身。

　　三法界　　1、理法界，即真空观。所谓真空，“非断灭空，非离色空，即有明空，亦无空相”。2、理事无碍法界，即理事无碍观。理无形相，全在相（事）中，互为存亡，互不相碍。3、事事无碍法界，即周遍圆融观。指诸法事相，本互相碍，如大小等殊，但为理所包遍，如空无碍，以理容事，全事如理，所以无碍。

　　四法界　　1、事法界。指万有诸法，一一事相有差别。有分齐。2、理法界。指万有诸法同一理性，真如平等，无有差别。3、理事无碍法界。谓理由事显，事中含理，诸注因无自性而能缘起，即理无碍事，缘生诸法皆无自性，即事无碍理。4、事事无碍法界。指一切事法，各有分齐，各守自性，事事相望，多缘互应，一多相即，大小互容，重重无尽。

　　五法界　　1、有为法界。分心境二门，“心”指本识所持种子，“境”指三世诸法差别相，即前事法界。2、无为法界。分本来净和离染净二门。法界众生本来清净，真空一味，无有差别，名本来净；随行浅深，净有差别，名离染净即前理法界。3、亦有为亦无为法界。分随相门与无碍门。受、想、行、识及五种色、八无为法，意识所缘名随相门；一心法界，心真如性，名无碍门。此二门如水与波，恒相杂故，即前理事无碍法界。4、非有为非无为法界。分形夺门和无寄门。事无不入理故非有为，理无不由事显，故非无为。离有为法，无为法不可得，离无为法，有为法不可得，名形夺门；说此法界，离相离性，故二俱非，离相故非有为，离性故非无为，名无寄门。5、无障碍法界。分普摄门和圆融门。指上四法界，随一即摄余一切故，名普摄门；以理融事，事无分齐，微尘非小能融十刹，刹海非大，潜入一尘，以事融理，理中非无分齐，一多无碍，名圆融门。又有法法界、人法界、人法俱融法界、人法俱泯法界、无障碍法界等五法界。

　　十法界　　华严宗有十种法法界和十种人法界。注法界：1、事法界。指十重居宅等；2、理法界。指一味湛然等；3、境法界。指所知分齐等；4、行法界。即悲智广深等；5、体法界。指寂灭无生等；6、用法界。即胜道自在等；7、顺法界。指六度正行等；8、达法界。指五热众鞞等；9、教法界。即所闻言说等；10、义法界。即所诠旨趣等。人法界：即人、天、男、女、在家、出家、外道、诸神、菩萨、佛。

　　天台大师依法华经义约四圣六凡各自的意境，说十法界：1、佛法界。指自觉觉他、觉行圆满的境界；2、菩萨法界。为得无上菩提修六度万行的境界；3、缘觉法界。为入涅槃修十二因缘观的境界；4、声闻法界。为入涅槃，依佛声教修四谛观法的境界；5、天法界。修上品十善兼修禅定，生于天界，受静妙乐的境界；6、人法界。修五戒及中品十善，受人中苦乐的境界；7、阿修罗法界。行下品十善，得通力自在的非入境界；8、鬼法界。犯下品五逆十恶，受饥渴苦的境界；9、畜生法界。犯中品五逆十恶，受吞“敢杀戮苦：的境界；10、地狱法界。犯上品五逆十恶，受寒热叫唤苦的最下境界。

　　密宗依《理趣经》约有情五凡五圣说十法界。五凡指地狱、饿鬼、畜生、人、天；五圣即声闻、缘觉、菩萨、权佛、实佛。与上述天台宗说四圣六凡为十法界相似。唯六凡中的阿修罗摄在天中。佛分为权、实二种。权佛，指修密教、即生成佛的修证果位；实佛，指经三大阿僧祇劫修六度万行，自觉觉佛觉行圆满的大觉。

　　天台止观，于正修行所观十境立十法界；1、阴界入法界；2、烦恼法界；3、病患法界；4、业相法界；5、魔事法界；6、禅定法界；7、诸见法界；8、增上慢法界；9、二乘法界；10、菩萨法界。名观门十法界。（刘明渊）

中国百科全书【614】极乐世界(sukhavati)

　　Jileshijie

　　佛教术语。也称净土、乐邦。佛教徒所信仰的没有苦难的理想世界，是相对于世俗众生所居的“秽土”而言。净土的思想起源很早，在婆罗门教和小乘佛教的一些派别中就有它的渊源。在婆罗门教中，净土是毗湿奴所在的天界。小乘佛教中有些俗人集团已信仰净土往生。但作为一种系统的思想派别则在大乘佛教时期。大乘《弥勒上生经》中提到有兜率天净土；《妙法莲华经》提到灵山净土；《华严经》中提到莲花藏世界；《药师琉璃光如来本愿功德经》中提到琉璃净土；《大宝积经》中提到如来妙喜净土；《大乘密严经》中提到密严净土等。《无量寿经》、《观无量寿经》、《阿弥陀经》等则详细描述阿弥陀佛的净土，并根据上述经典的思想建立了净土宗。该宗认为人们只要通过念佛、修观的方法，就能在一期生命终止时往生极乐世界。极乐世界的教主是阿弥陀佛。阿弥陀佛净土与弥勒净土、药师净土同为中国佛教徒所信仰的三大净土。

　　佛教认为时间无始无终，空间无边无际，佛土（世界）无穷无尽，每一佛土中都有一位佛在那里教化众生。极乐世界即是这无穷无尽世界中的一个。《阿弥陀经》说，极乐世界距离人们居住的“娑婆世界”有“十万亿佛土”之遥。在这个极乐世界中，无量功德庄严，国中声闻，菩萨无数，讲堂、精舍、宫殿、楼观、宝树、宝池等均以七宝庄严，微妙严净，百味饮食随意而至，自然演出万种伎乐，皆是法音。其国人等智慧高明，颜貌端严。但受诸乐，无有痛若，皆能趋向佛之正道。

　　《阿弥陀经》说，若有善男子善女人闻说阿弥陀佛，执持名号，从一日乃至七日能够一心不乱，此人临命终时心不颠倒，即得往生西方极乐世界。《药师如来本愿功德经》等所说的东方药师佛居住教化的琉璃世界，也是佛教徒所向往的理想国土。那里的地面由琉璃构成，连药师佛的身躯，也如同琉璃一样内外光洁，所以称琉璃世界。佛经上说此世界和西方极乐世界一样，具有说不尽的庄严美妙；那里没有男女性别上的差异，没有五欲的过患；琉璃为地，金绳界道；城垣、宫殿都是七宝所成。人们只要在生前持诵《药师经》，称念药师佛名号，并广修众善，死后即可往生琉璃世界。（净慧）

南传佛教英文辞典【615】adhipati paccaya

”predominance-condition”　　is　　one　　of　　the　　24　　conditions　　(paccaya,　　q.v.);　　if　　developed,　　it　　is　　considered　　as　　the　　fourfold　　road　　to　　power　　(iddhi-pa^da.　　q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典【616】anantara paccaya

”proximity”,　　is　　one　　of　　the　　24　　conditions　　(paccaya,　　q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典【617】anatta^ san~n~a^

”perception　　of　　not-self”;　　see　　A.VI.104;　　A.VII.48;　　A.X.60;　　Ud.IV.1.

南传佛教英文辞典【618】atthangika magga

　　The　　”Eightfold　　Path”;　　s.　　magga.

英汉对照词典【619】AVATAMSAKA SUTRA

Avatamsaka　　Sutra　　==　　华严经

One　　of　　the　　great　　sutras　　in　　Buddhism.　　It　　was　　sermoned　　in　　heaven　　by　　Buddha　　Shakyamuni　　soon　　after　　his　　attainment　　of　　Buddhahood.　　The　　sutra　　reveals　　different　　causes　　and　　ways　　of　　cultivation　　of　　many　　great　　Bodhisattvas,　　such　　as　　Ten　　Grades　　of　　Faith,　　Ten　　Stages　　of　　Wisdom,　　Ten　　Activities,　　Ten　　Transference　　of　　Merits,　　Ten　　Stages　　of　　Bodhisattva,　　Absolute　　Universal　　Enlightenment,　　Wonderful　　Enlightenment,　　etc.　　It　　also　　reveals　　how　　to　　enter　　Avatamsaka　　World　　(Buddha”s　　world)　　from　　Saha　　World　　(our　　world).

南传佛教英文辞典【620】citta vipalla^sa

”perversion　　of　　mind”;　　s.　　vipalla^sa.

南传佛教英文辞典【621】citta^nupassana^

　　”contemplation　　of　　consciousness”,　　is　　one　　of　　the　　4　　foundations　　of　　mindfulness　　(satipattha^na,　　q.v.)

南传佛教英文辞典【622】cognitive series

　　s.　　vin~n~a^na-kicca.

南传佛教英文辞典【623】dukkha patipada^

”painful　　progress”;　　s.　　patipada^.

英汉对照词典【624】EIGHT SUFFERINGS

Eight　　Sufferings　　==　　八苦

(1)　　Suffering　　of　　Birth
(2)　　Suffering　　of　　Old　　Age
(3)　　Suffering　　of　　Sickness
(4)　　Suffering　　of　　Death
(5)　　Suffering　　of　　being　　apart　　from　　the　　loved　　ones
(6)　　Suffering　　being　　together　　with　　the　　despised　　ones
(7)　　Suffering　　of　　not　　getting　　what　　one　　wants
(8)　　Suffering　　of　　the　　flourishing　　of　　the　　Five　　Skandhas

南传佛教英文辞典【625】equality conceit

　　s.　　ma^na.

南传佛教英文辞典【626】faithful natured

　　saddha^-carita;　　s.　　carita.

南传佛教英文辞典【627】immaterial world

　　arúpa-loka;　　s.　　loka.

南传佛教英文辞典【628】ka^ya gata^ sati

”mindfulness　　with　　regard　　to　　the　　body”,　　refers　　sometimes　　(e.g.　　Vis.M.　　VIII,　　2)　　only　　to　　the　　contemplation　　on　　the　　32　　parts　　of　　the　　body,　　sometimes　　(e.g.　　M.　　119)　　to　　all　　the　　various　　meditations　　comprised　　under　　the　　”contemplation　　of　　the　　body”　　(ka^ya^nupassana^),　　the　　1st　　of　　the　　4　　”foundations　　of　　mindfulness”　　(satipattha^na,　　q.v.),　　consisting　　partly　　in　　concentration　　(sama^dhi)　　exercises,　　partly　　in　　insight　　(vipassana^)　　exercises.　　On　　the　　other　　hand,　　the　　cemetery　　meditations　　(si^vathika,　　q.v.)　　mentioned　　in　　the　　Satipattha^na　　S.(M.　　10)　　are　　nearly　　the　　same　　as　　the　　10　　contemplations　　of　　loathsomeness　　(asubha-bha^vana^,　　q.v.).　　of　　Vis.M.　　VI,　　whereas　　elsewhere　　the　　contemplation　　on　　the　　32　　parts　　of　　the　　body　　is　　called　　the　　”reflection　　on　　impurity”　　(patikkúla-san~n~a^).
In　　such　　texts　　as:　　”One　　thing,　　o　　monks,　　developed　　and　　repeatedly　　practised,　　leads　　to　　the　　attainment　　of　　wisdom.　　It　　is　　the　　contemplation　　on　　the　　body”　　(A.I),　　the　　reference　　is　　to　　all　　exercises　　mentioned　　in　　the　　1st　　Satipattha^na.
Vis.M.　　VIII,　　2　　gives　　a　　detailed　　description　　and　　explanation　　of　　the　　method　　of　　developing　　the　　contemplation　　on　　the　　32　　parts　　of　　the　　body.　　This　　exercise　　can　　produce　　the　　1st　　absorption　　only　　(jha^na,　　q.v.)　　The　　stereotype　　text　　given　　in　　the　　Satipattha^na　　Sutta　　and　　elsewhere　　-　　but　　leaving　　out　　the　　brain　　-　　runs　　as　　follows:
"And　　further,　　o　　monks,　　the　　monk　　contemplates　　this　　body　　from　　the　　soles　　of　　the　　feet　　upward,　　and　　from　　the　　tops　　of　　the　　hairs　　downward,　　with　　skin　　stretched　　over　　it,　　and　　filled　　with　　manifold　　impurities:　　”This　　body　　has　　hairs　　of　　the　　head,　　hairs　　of　　the　　body,　　nails,　　teeth,　　skin,　　flesh,　　sinews,　　bones,　　marrow,　　kidneys,　　heart,　　liver,　　diaphragm,　　spleen,　　lungs,　　intestines,　　bowels,　　stomach,　　excrement,　　bile,　　phlegm,　　pus,　　blood,　　sweat,　　fat,　　tears,　　skin　　grease,　　spittle,　　nasal　　mucus,　　oil　　of　　the　　joints,　　and　　urine　　...."
Vis.M.　　VIII,　　2　　says　　"By　　repeating　　the　　words　　of　　this　　exercise　　one　　will　　become　　well　　acquainted　　with　　the　　wording,　　the　　mind　　will　　not　　rush　　here　　and　　there,　　the　　different　　parts　　will　　become　　distinct　　and　　appear　　like　　a　　row　　of　　fingers,　　or　　a　　row　　of　　hedge-poles.　　Now,　　just　　as　　one　　repeats　　the　　exercise　　in　　words,　　one　　should　　do　　it　　also　　in　　mind.　　The　　repeating　　in　　mind　　forms　　the　　condition　　for　　the　　penetration　　of　　the　　characteristic　　marks....　　He　　who　　thus　　has　　examined　　the　　parts　　of　　the　　body　　as　　to　　colour,　　shape,　　region,　　locality　　and　　limits,　　and　　considers　　them　　one　　by　　one,　　and　　not　　too　　hurriedly,　　as　　something　　loathsome,　　to　　such　　a　　one,　　while　　contemplating　　the　　body,　　all　　these　　things　　at　　the　　same　　time　　are　　appearing　　distinctly　　clear.　　But　　also　　when　　keeping　　one”s　　attention　　fixed　　outwardly　　(i.e.　　to　　the　　bodies　　of　　other　　beings),　　and　　when　　all　　the　　parts　　appear　　distinctly,　　then　　all　　men　　and　　animals　　moving　　about　　lose　　the　　appearance　　of　　living　　beings　　and　　appear　　like　　heaps　　of　　many　　different　　things.　　And　　it　　looks　　as　　if　　those　　foods　　and　　drinks,　　being　　swallowed　　by　　them,　　were　　being　　inserted　　into　　this　　heap　　of　　things.　　Now,　　while　　again　　and　　again　　one　　is　　conceiving　　the　　idea　　”Disgusting!　　Disgusting!”　　-　　omitting　　in　　due　　course　　several　　parts　　-　　gradually　　the　　attainment　　-　　concentration　　(appana^-sama^dhi,　　i.e.　　the　　concentration　　of　　the　　jha^na)　　will　　be　　reached.　　In　　this　　connection,　　the　　appearing　　of　　forms　　...　　is　　called　　the　　acquired　　image　　(uggaha-nimitta),　　the　　arising　　of　　loathsomeness,　　however,　　the　　counter-image　　(patibha^ganimitta)."

南传佛教英文辞典【629】ka^ya vin~n~atti

　　s.　　vin~n~atti.

南传佛教英文辞典【630】karma formations

　　sankha^ra,　　i.e.　　wholesome　　or　　unwholesome　　volitions　　(cetana^)　　manifested　　as　　actions　　of　　body,　　speech　　or　　mind,　　form　　the　　2nd　　link　　of　　the　　formula　　of　　dependent　　origination　　(paticca-samuppa^da,　　q.v.).

…还有370条，点我再看后面18条▼

佛教词典在线查询