T的解釋_T是什麽意思？什麽是T？-第35頁 - 佛教詞典

共在5本字典中找到 1000+ 條與「T」相關的內容

以下是全部詞典的第35頁查詢結果：

提示：搜索結果中包含950個詞條內容，為節省您的時間，你可以先看詞條再看內容解釋。顯示詞條列表▼

utu atta both catu gati hate hetu lust meat path peta sati talk ties tree unit agati amata ARHAT atta^ citta death doubt faith great ja^ti light merit METTA mirth pi^ti right satta sloth STUPA SUTRA vatta water " action ANATTA Arahat atappa beauty carita dha^tu ditthi eating EFFORT effort fixity forest gantha ghosts growth JATAKA khanti MANTRA MATTER matter method metta^ MUDITA object purity stains sugati taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita vatthu virati virtue agility anatta^ cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter created destiny devotee duggati emotion factors fetters HUA TOU insight ji^vita lahuta^ mastery matured mudita^ muduta^ neutral nimitta okkanti ottappa patched patigha perfect rapture reality rebirth samatha sammuti sassata sitting thought turning vimutti vipatti vitakka vivatta a^yatana adherent AMITABHA anussati atima^na ca^ritta cemetery cetasika departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fruition gotrabhú impurity interest kammanta KSATRIYA maintain MAITREYA MORALITY morality nibbatti not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice reaction sammatta sankhata santa^na serenity sucarita Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training ujukata^ uposatha upstream virility vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) acinteyya adhicitta akanittha anottappa asankhata attention avya^kata beautiful breathing cetokhila character CONDITION deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga duccarita dukkhata^ EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties formation immediate intention lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta nutriment obstacles pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha proximity ready wit SARIPUTRA SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS something ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA vinipa^ta aberration absorption ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates analytical antinomies appendants awakenment BODHISATTA Bodhisatta conception conditions contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment dibba sota ego entity elasticity enthusiasm equanimity EXTINCTION extinction femininity foundation functional generation impurities inducement intimation liberality liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation mutability opapa^tika paramattha patisandhi pattida^na productive puthujjana reflection repetition RIGHT VIEW sama^patti sensuality si^labbata sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness EIGHT WINDS enlightened foundations immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative intoxicants itthindriya kamma patha kamma vatta LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object origination pa^timokkha paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections personality preparatory realization RECOGNITION rúpa^yatana sala^yatana samuttha^na san~cetana^ si^vathika^ tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable uprightness vavattha^na 結集(samgiti) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dispensation dissociation fire element FOUR VIRTUES hate natured heat element hiri ottappa inclinations intoxicating ka^ma tanha^ kammattha^na karma result light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purification ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH santutthita^ SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry TEN PARAMITA THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM tranquillity TWELVE BASES twin miracle va^yo dha^tu vatthu ka^ma wind element 叁界(tridhatu) 鐵薩羅(Tissara) Abbreviations ahetuka citta anatta^ va^da anuloma citta attentiveness atthi paccaya birth process cakkhu dha^tu concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation contentedness deathlessness determination dhamma dha^tu dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta earth element ENLIGHTENMENT enlightenment FIVE PRECEPTS fixed destiny FOUR FRUITION hadaya vatthu imperfections investigating investigation ka^ya lahuta^ kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness lohita kasina material food mental action nimma^na rati oda^ta kasina pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence RIGHT THOUGHT sammuti sacca satipattha^na silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta tanha^ kkhaya THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT tittha^yatana TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES unconditioned understanding verbal action vipacitan~n~u vivatta kappa water element weighty karma 阿旃陀石窟(Ajanta) 舍衛城(Sravasti) 因明(Hetuvidya) a^ka^sa dha^tu abhibha^yatana ahetuka ditthi akiriya ditthi altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha auditory organ AVALOKITESVARA buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ citta santa^na citta visuddhi devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path frivolous talk greedy natured habitual karma kalya^na mitta katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth sahetuka citta samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS uccheda ditthi uggaha nimitta ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava va^ritta si^la vibhava tanha^ vigata paccaya visible object 大圓滿(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 叁谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana characteristics citta sankha^ra deluded natured ditth’upa^da^na ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS eternity belief FOUR GREAT VOWS gotrabhú n~a^na gustatory organ indriya samatta mental function mental obduracy natthika ditthi nihilistic view olfactory organ pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika sankhitta citta sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma tadanga paha^na TAKING PRECEPTS tatha^gata bala THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vitakka vica^ra 百論(Sata-sastra) 大藏經（tri-pitaka）法界(dharmadhatu) 極樂世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anantara paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series dukkha patipada^ EIGHT SUFFERINGS equality conceit faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations khandha santa^na life infatuation mano san~cetana^ mental formation monks’ community natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma nissaya nissita pan~n~a^ vimutti pindapa^tik’anga reversible merit RIGHT LIVELIHOOD round of rebirth santi^rana citta streams of merit supportive karma te ci^varik’anga THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS tiraccha^na yoni vaci^ vin~n~atti votthapana citta wheel of the law 經量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律經(Vinaya-sutra) 叁性(tri-svabhava) 四谛(catur-satyas) 吳哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nantarika kamma a^nupubbi^ katha^ ahirika anottappa anatta^nupassana^ animitta vimokkha ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS highest knowledge immaterial sphere ineffective karma kusala kammapatha mental advertence n~a^ta parin~n~a^ na^natta san~n~a^ NO STRIFE SAMADHI pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la parikamma nimitta paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga pureja^ta paccaya RIGHT REMEMBRANCE sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava SINGALOVADA SUTRA tatramajjhattata^ TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upagha^taka kamma vin~n~a^na tthiti youth infatuation 迦毗羅衛(Kapilavastu) 叁學(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika an~n~a^ta^vindriya asankha^rika citta atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava ceto pariya n~a^na corporeality group cycle of existence dha^tu vavattha^na hasituppa^da citta health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge meritorious action nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES SPHERE OF NO-THING tada^rammana citta tatra majjhattata^ ti^rana parin~n~a^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH vippayutta paccaya wheel of existence 佛所行贊(Buddhacarita) 解脫道論(Vimuttimagga) 四大(caturmahabhuta) 五種姓(panca-gotrani) alcohol prohibition anabhirati san~n~a^ analytical doctrine animitta^nupassana^ answering questions appanihita vimokkha attha patisambhida^ counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS FOUR UNLIMITED MIND fruits of monk life gradual instruction inferiority conceit intelligent natured lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka majjhima^ patipada^ one group existence RIGHT CONCENTRATION RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma yamaka pa^tiha^riya 阿底峽(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘經(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 約7世紀) 六足論(Satpada sastra) 說一切有部(Sarvastivada) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge akuppa^ ceto vimutti cemetery meditations cinta^ maya pan~n~a^ derived corporeality dhamma patisambhida^ dhamma tthiti n~a^na ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA manovinn~a^na dha^tu NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE niyata miccha^ditthi pa^rami^ pa^ramita^ paccha^ja^ta paccaya parami^ = pa^ramita^ pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process samvejani^ya ttha^na SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika UNCONDITIONED DHARMA VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘論(Mahayana sastra) 小乘論(Hinayana sastra) 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana animitta ceto vimutti antara^ parinibba^yi^ bhojane mattan~n~uta^ corporeality and mind death proximate karma dependent origination DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more mind and corporeality ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na produced corporeality pun~n~a kiriya vatthu questions and answers sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit ubhato bha^ga vimutta vi^thi = citta vi^thi vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana 梵網經(Brahmajala-sutra) 中論(Madhyamika-sastra) appama^na ceto vimutti bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa doctrine of the Buddha FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA ji^vita navaka kala^pa kamma samuttha^na rúpa resistance perceptions sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 長阿含經(Dirghagama-sutra) 楞伽經(Lankavatara-sutra) 緣起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala determining the reality FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成實論(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 法稱(Dharmakirti 約6~7世紀) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 四分律(Dharmagupta-vinaya) 月稱(Candrakirti 約7世紀中葉) ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI attainment concentration clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ego idea, ego perception multiformity perceptions pa^na^tipa^ta^ veramani^ paccaya sannissita si^la patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日經(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂護(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 約590~647) 十誦律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 無量壽經(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 雜阿含經(Samyuktagama-sutra) hate rooted consciousness independently enlightened indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提會(Maha Bodhi Society) 增一阿含經(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含經（Madh yamagama-sutra） a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION THREEFOLD BODY OF A BUDDHA uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 發智論(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍論(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教（Vietnamese Buddhism） balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS thought thought conception yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT 常樂我淨(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃經(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 觀無量壽經(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞嚴經(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩薩戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]雙提贊Khri－Sron－Lde－bTsan 瑜伽師地論(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) dittha dhamma vedani^ya kamma EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 中國佛教美術（Buddhist　art　in　China） ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 維摩經(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 大般若經(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 鈴木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法蓮華經(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度論(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa ▲ 收起

中國百科全書【613】法界(dharmadhatu)

　　Fajie

　　佛教術語。法泛指宇宙萬有一切事物，包括世出世間法，通常釋爲“軌持”，即一切不同的萬事萬物都能保持各自的特性，互不相紊，並按自身的軌則，能讓人們理解是什麼事物。界，含有種族、分齊的意思，即分門別類的不同事物各守其不同的界限。法界一詞，在佛學中，一般指意識所緣的境，即十八界中之法界。此法界在小乘七十五法中攝四十六心所、十四不相應行、叁無爲法及無表色，共六十四法。在大乘百法中攝五十一心所、二十四不相應行、六無爲法及法處所攝色（無表），共八十二法。有說法界統攝一切法，其余十七界亦名法界。不同的經論和宗派，對法界的開合分類有所不同，有一法界、叁法界、四法界、五法界、十法界等說法。如，《雜阿含經》、《大般若經》、《華嚴經》、《大乘起信論》等講一法界，華嚴宗講叁法界、四法界、五法界、十法界，天臺宗、密宗也講十法界。

　　一法界　　又稱緣起法界、真如法界、一真法界、清淨法界，並各有不同的解釋。1、緣起法界。指無明、行、識、名色、六處、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死十二緣起法。因爲有無明，所以有行，因爲有行所以有識，乃至因爲有生所以有老死。此緣起法非佛所作，亦非余人所作，若佛出世，若不出世，法性常住。2、真如法界。指宇宙萬有諸法理體的不變易性、不虛妄性、離言說相、諸法實相。3、一真法界，亦即真如法界。在華嚴宗稱“理”，在天臺宗名“實相”，在唯識宗叫“勝義”，“無二曰一，不妄名真，交徹融攝，故曰法界，即是諸佛平等法身”。4、清淨法界。指一切有情遠離一切煩惱障、所智障而顯現的本來清淨的佛性亦即佛的清淨法身。

　　叁法界　　1、理法界，即真空觀。所謂真空，“非斷滅空，非離色空，即有明空，亦無空相”。2、理事無礙法界，即理事無礙觀。理無形相，全在相（事）中，互爲存亡，互不相礙。3、事事無礙法界，即周遍圓融觀。指諸法事相，本互相礙，如大小等殊，但爲理所包遍，如空無礙，以理容事，全事如理，所以無礙。

　　四法界　　1、事法界。指萬有諸法，一一事相有差別。有分齊。2、理法界。指萬有諸法同一理性，真如平等，無有差別。3、理事無礙法界。謂理由事顯，事中含理，諸注因無自性而能緣起，即理無礙事，緣生諸法皆無自性，即事無礙理。4、事事無礙法界。指一切事法，各有分齊，各守自性，事事相望，多緣互應，一多相即，大小互容，重重無盡。

　　五法界　　1、有爲法界。分心境二門，“心”指本識所持種子，“境”指叁世諸法差別相，即前事法界。2、無爲法界。分本來淨和離染淨二門。法界衆生本來清淨，真空一味，無有差別，名本來淨；隨行淺深，淨有差別，名離染淨即前理法界。3、亦有爲亦無爲法界。分隨相門與無礙門。受、想、行、識及五種色、八無爲法，意識所緣名隨相門；一心法界，心真如性，名無礙門。此二門如水與波，恒相雜故，即前理事無礙法界。4、非有爲非無爲法界。分形奪門和無寄門。事無不入理故非有爲，理無不由事顯，故非無爲。離有爲法，無爲法不可得，離無爲法，有爲法不可得，名形奪門；說此法界，離相離性，故二俱非，離相故非有爲，離性故非無爲，名無寄門。5、無障礙法界。分普攝門和圓融門。指上四法界，隨一即攝余一切故，名普攝門；以理融事，事無分齊，微塵非小能融十刹，刹海非大，潛入一塵，以事融理，理中非無分齊，一多無礙，名圓融門。又有法法界、人法界、人法俱融法界、人法俱泯法界、無障礙法界等五法界。

　　十法界　　華嚴宗有十種法法界和十種人法界。注法界：1、事法界。指十重居宅等；2、理法界。指一味湛然等；3、境法界。指所知分齊等；4、行法界。即悲智廣深等；5、體法界。指寂滅無生等；6、用法界。即勝道自在等；7、順法界。指六度正行等；8、達法界。指五熱衆鞞等；9、教法界。即所聞言說等；10、義法界。即所诠旨趣等。人法界：即人、天、男、女、在家、出家、外道、諸神、菩薩、佛。

　　天臺大師依法華經義約四聖六凡各自的意境，說十法界：1、佛法界。指自覺覺他、覺行圓滿的境界；2、菩薩法界。爲得無上菩提修六度萬行的境界；3、緣覺法界。爲入涅槃修十二因緣觀的境界；4、聲聞法界。爲入涅槃，依佛聲教修四谛觀法的境界；5、天法界。修上品十善兼修禅定，生于天界，受靜妙樂的境界；6、人法界。修五戒及中品十善，受人中苦樂的境界；7、阿修羅法界。行下品十善，得通力自在的非入境界；8、鬼法界。犯下品五逆十惡，受饑渴苦的境界；9、畜生法界。犯中品五逆十惡，受吞“敢殺戮苦：的境界；10、地獄法界。犯上品五逆十惡，受寒熱叫喚苦的最下境界。

　　密宗依《理趣經》約有情五凡五聖說十法界。五凡指地獄、餓鬼、畜生、人、天；五聖即聲聞、緣覺、菩薩、權佛、實佛。與上述天臺宗說四聖六凡爲十法界相似。唯六凡中的阿修羅攝在天中。佛分爲權、實二種。權佛，指修密教、即生成佛的修證果位；實佛，指經叁大阿僧祇劫修六度萬行，自覺覺佛覺行圓滿的大覺。

　　天臺止觀，于正修行所觀十境立十法界；1、陰界入法界；2、煩惱法界；3、病患法界；4、業相法界；5、魔事法界；6、禅定法界；7、諸見法界；8、增上慢法界；9、二乘法界；10、菩薩法界。名觀門十法界。（劉明淵）

中國百科全書【614】極樂世界(sukhavati)

　　Jileshijie

　　佛教術語。也稱淨土、樂邦。佛教徒所信仰的沒有苦難的理想世界，是相對于世俗衆生所居的“穢土”而言。淨土的思想起源很早，在婆羅門教和小乘佛教的一些派別中就有它的淵源。在婆羅門教中，淨土是毗濕奴所在的天界。小乘佛教中有些俗人集團已信仰淨土往生。但作爲一種系統的思想派別則在大乘佛教時期。大乘《彌勒上生經》中提到有兜率天淨土；《妙法蓮華經》提到靈山淨土；《華嚴經》中提到蓮花藏世界；《藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經》中提到琉璃淨土；《大寶積經》中提到如來妙喜淨土；《大乘密嚴經》中提到密嚴淨土等。《無量壽經》、《觀無量壽經》、《阿彌陀經》等則詳細描述阿彌陀佛的淨土，並根據上述經典的思想建立了淨土宗。該宗認爲人們只要通過念佛、修觀的方法，就能在一期生命終止時往生極樂世界。極樂世界的教主是阿彌陀佛。阿彌陀佛淨土與彌勒淨土、藥師淨土同爲中國佛教徒所信仰的叁大淨土。

　　佛教認爲時間無始無終，空間無邊無際，佛土（世界）無窮無盡，每一佛土中都有一位佛在那裏教化衆生。極樂世界即是這無窮無盡世界中的一個。《阿彌陀經》說，極樂世界距離人們居住的“娑婆世界”有“十萬億佛土”之遙。在這個極樂世界中，無量功德莊嚴，國中聲聞，菩薩無數，講堂、精舍、宮殿、樓觀、寶樹、寶池等均以七寶莊嚴，微妙嚴淨，百味飲食隨意而至，自然演出萬種伎樂，皆是法音。其國人等智慧高明，顔貌端嚴。但受諸樂，無有痛若，皆能趨向佛之正道。

　　《阿彌陀經》說，若有善男子善女人聞說阿彌陀佛，執持名號，從一日乃至七日能夠一心不亂，此人臨命終時心不顛倒，即得往生西方極樂世界。《藥師如來本願功德經》等所說的東方藥師佛居住教化的琉璃世界，也是佛教徒所向往的理想國土。那裏的地面由琉璃構成，連藥師佛的身軀，也如同琉璃一樣內外光潔，所以稱琉璃世界。佛經上說此世界和西方極樂世界一樣，具有說不盡的莊嚴美妙；那裏沒有男女性別上的差異，沒有五欲的過患；琉璃爲地，金繩界道；城垣、宮殿都是七寶所成。人們只要在生前持誦《藥師經》，稱念藥師佛名號，並廣修衆善，死後即可往生琉璃世界。（淨慧）

南傳佛教英文辭典【615】adhipati paccaya

”predominance-condition”　　is　　one　　of　　the　　24　　conditions　　(paccaya,　　q.v.);　　if　　developed,　　it　　is　　considered　　as　　the　　fourfold　　road　　to　　power　　(iddhi-pa^da.　　q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典【616】anantara paccaya

”proximity”,　　is　　one　　of　　the　　24　　conditions　　(paccaya,　　q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典【617】anatta^ san~n~a^

”perception　　of　　not-self”;　　see　　A.VI.104;　　A.VII.48;　　A.X.60;　　Ud.IV.1.

南傳佛教英文辭典【618】atthangika magga

　　The　　”Eightfold　　Path”;　　s.　　magga.

英漢對照詞典【619】AVATAMSAKA SUTRA

Avatamsaka　　Sutra　　==　　華嚴經

One　　of　　the　　great　　sutras　　in　　Buddhism.　　It　　was　　sermoned　　in　　heaven　　by　　Buddha　　Shakyamuni　　soon　　after　　his　　attainment　　of　　Buddhahood.　　The　　sutra　　reveals　　different　　causes　　and　　ways　　of　　cultivation　　of　　many　　great　　Bodhisattvas,　　such　　as　　Ten　　Grades　　of　　Faith,　　Ten　　Stages　　of　　Wisdom,　　Ten　　Activities,　　Ten　　Transference　　of　　Merits,　　Ten　　Stages　　of　　Bodhisattva,　　Absolute　　Universal　　Enlightenment,　　Wonderful　　Enlightenment,　　etc.　　It　　also　　reveals　　how　　to　　enter　　Avatamsaka　　World　　(Buddha”s　　world)　　from　　Saha　　World　　(our　　world).

南傳佛教英文辭典【620】citta vipalla^sa

”perversion　　of　　mind”;　　s.　　vipalla^sa.

南傳佛教英文辭典【621】citta^nupassana^

　　”contemplation　　of　　consciousness”,　　is　　one　　of　　the　　4　　foundations　　of　　mindfulness　　(satipattha^na,　　q.v.)

南傳佛教英文辭典【622】cognitive series

　　s.　　vin~n~a^na-kicca.

南傳佛教英文辭典【623】dukkha patipada^

”painful　　progress”;　　s.　　patipada^.

英漢對照詞典【624】EIGHT SUFFERINGS

Eight　　Sufferings　　==　　八苦

(1)　　Suffering　　of　　Birth
(2)　　Suffering　　of　　Old　　Age
(3)　　Suffering　　of　　Sickness
(4)　　Suffering　　of　　Death
(5)　　Suffering　　of　　being　　apart　　from　　the　　loved　　ones
(6)　　Suffering　　being　　together　　with　　the　　despised　　ones
(7)　　Suffering　　of　　not　　getting　　what　　one　　wants
(8)　　Suffering　　of　　the　　flourishing　　of　　the　　Five　　Skandhas

南傳佛教英文辭典【625】equality conceit

　　s.　　ma^na.

南傳佛教英文辭典【626】faithful natured

　　saddha^-carita;　　s.　　carita.

南傳佛教英文辭典【627】immaterial world

　　arúpa-loka;　　s.　　loka.

南傳佛教英文辭典【628】ka^ya gata^ sati

”mindfulness　　with　　regard　　to　　the　　body”,　　refers　　sometimes　　(e.g.　　Vis.M.　　VIII,　　2)　　only　　to　　the　　contemplation　　on　　the　　32　　parts　　of　　the　　body,　　sometimes　　(e.g.　　M.　　119)　　to　　all　　the　　various　　meditations　　comprised　　under　　the　　”contemplation　　of　　the　　body”　　(ka^ya^nupassana^),　　the　　1st　　of　　the　　4　　”foundations　　of　　mindfulness”　　(satipattha^na,　　q.v.),　　consisting　　partly　　in　　concentration　　(sama^dhi)　　exercises,　　partly　　in　　insight　　(vipassana^)　　exercises.　　On　　the　　other　　hand,　　the　　cemetery　　meditations　　(si^vathika,　　q.v.)　　mentioned　　in　　the　　Satipattha^na　　S.(M.　　10)　　are　　nearly　　the　　same　　as　　the　　10　　contemplations　　of　　loathsomeness　　(asubha-bha^vana^,　　q.v.).　　of　　Vis.M.　　VI,　　whereas　　elsewhere　　the　　contemplation　　on　　the　　32　　parts　　of　　the　　body　　is　　called　　the　　”reflection　　on　　impurity”　　(patikkúla-san~n~a^).
In　　such　　texts　　as:　　”One　　thing,　　o　　monks,　　developed　　and　　repeatedly　　practised,　　leads　　to　　the　　attainment　　of　　wisdom.　　It　　is　　the　　contemplation　　on　　the　　body”　　(A.I),　　the　　reference　　is　　to　　all　　exercises　　mentioned　　in　　the　　1st　　Satipattha^na.
Vis.M.　　VIII,　　2　　gives　　a　　detailed　　description　　and　　explanation　　of　　the　　method　　of　　developing　　the　　contemplation　　on　　the　　32　　parts　　of　　the　　body.　　This　　exercise　　can　　produce　　the　　1st　　absorption　　only　　(jha^na,　　q.v.)　　The　　stereotype　　text　　given　　in　　the　　Satipattha^na　　Sutta　　and　　elsewhere　　-　　but　　leaving　　out　　the　　brain　　-　　runs　　as　　follows:
"And　　further,　　o　　monks,　　the　　monk　　contemplates　　this　　body　　from　　the　　soles　　of　　the　　feet　　upward,　　and　　from　　the　　tops　　of　　the　　hairs　　downward,　　with　　skin　　stretched　　over　　it,　　and　　filled　　with　　manifold　　impurities:　　”This　　body　　has　　hairs　　of　　the　　head,　　hairs　　of　　the　　body,　　nails,　　teeth,　　skin,　　flesh,　　sinews,　　bones,　　marrow,　　kidneys,　　heart,　　liver,　　diaphragm,　　spleen,　　lungs,　　intestines,　　bowels,　　stomach,　　excrement,　　bile,　　phlegm,　　pus,　　blood,　　sweat,　　fat,　　tears,　　skin　　grease,　　spittle,　　nasal　　mucus,　　oil　　of　　the　　joints,　　and　　urine　　...."
Vis.M.　　VIII,　　2　　says　　"By　　repeating　　the　　words　　of　　this　　exercise　　one　　will　　become　　well　　acquainted　　with　　the　　wording,　　the　　mind　　will　　not　　rush　　here　　and　　there,　　the　　different　　parts　　will　　become　　distinct　　and　　appear　　like　　a　　row　　of　　fingers,　　or　　a　　row　　of　　hedge-poles.　　Now,　　just　　as　　one　　repeats　　the　　exercise　　in　　words,　　one　　should　　do　　it　　also　　in　　mind.　　The　　repeating　　in　　mind　　forms　　the　　condition　　for　　the　　penetration　　of　　the　　characteristic　　marks....　　He　　who　　thus　　has　　examined　　the　　parts　　of　　the　　body　　as　　to　　colour,　　shape,　　region,　　locality　　and　　limits,　　and　　considers　　them　　one　　by　　one,　　and　　not　　too　　hurriedly,　　as　　something　　loathsome,　　to　　such　　a　　one,　　while　　contemplating　　the　　body,　　all　　these　　things　　at　　the　　same　　time　　are　　appearing　　distinctly　　clear.　　But　　also　　when　　keeping　　one”s　　attention　　fixed　　outwardly　　(i.e.　　to　　the　　bodies　　of　　other　　beings),　　and　　when　　all　　the　　parts　　appear　　distinctly,　　then　　all　　men　　and　　animals　　moving　　about　　lose　　the　　appearance　　of　　living　　beings　　and　　appear　　like　　heaps　　of　　many　　different　　things.　　And　　it　　looks　　as　　if　　those　　foods　　and　　drinks,　　being　　swallowed　　by　　them,　　were　　being　　inserted　　into　　this　　heap　　of　　things.　　Now,　　while　　again　　and　　again　　one　　is　　conceiving　　the　　idea　　”Disgusting!　　Disgusting!”　　-　　omitting　　in　　due　　course　　several　　parts　　-　　gradually　　the　　attainment　　-　　concentration　　(appana^-sama^dhi,　　i.e.　　the　　concentration　　of　　the　　jha^na)　　will　　be　　reached.　　In　　this　　connection,　　the　　appearing　　of　　forms　　...　　is　　called　　the　　acquired　　image　　(uggaha-nimitta),　　the　　arising　　of　　loathsomeness,　　however,　　the　　counter-image　　(patibha^ganimitta)."

南傳佛教英文辭典【629】ka^ya vin~n~atti

　　s.　　vin~n~atti.

南傳佛教英文辭典【630】karma formations

　　sankha^ra,　　i.e.　　wholesome　　or　　unwholesome　　volitions　　(cetana^)　　manifested　　as　　actions　　of　　body,　　speech　　or　　mind,　　form　　the　　2nd　　link　　of　　the　　formula　　of　　dependent　　origination　　(paticca-samuppa^da,　　q.v.).

…還有370條，點我再看後面18條▼

佛教詞典在線查詢