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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【631】sammasana

  This  term,  as  noun,  occurs  probably  for  the  first  time  in  Pts.M.  I.  53,  although  as  a  verb  it  is  found  already  in  the  old  texts.  The  same  holds  good  with  its  synonym  vavattha^na.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【632】samphassa

  =  phassa  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【633】samyojana

  ”fetters”.  There  are  10  fetters  tying  beings  to  the  wheel  of  existence,  namely:  (1)  personality-belief  (sakka^ya-ditthi,  q.v.),  (2)  sceptical  doubt  (vicikiccha^  q.v.),  (3)  clinging  to  mere  rules  and  ritual  (si^labbata-para^ma^sa;  s.  upa^da^na),  (4)  sensuous  craving  (ka^ma-ra^ga,  4.v.),  (5)  ill-will  (vya^pa^da),  (6)  craving  for  fine-material  existence  (rúpa-ra^ga),  (7)  craving  for  immaterial  existence  (arúpa-ra^ga),  (8)  conceit  (ma^na,  q.v.),  (9)  restlessness  (uddhacca,  q.v.),  (10)  ignorance  (avijja^,  q.v.).  The  first  five  of  these  are  called  ”lower  fetters”  (orambha^giya-samyojana),  as  they  tie  to  the  sensuous  world.  The  latter  5  are  called  ”higher  fetters”  (uddhambha^giya-samyojana),  as  they  tie  to  the  higher  worlds,  i.e.  the  fine-material  and  immaterial  world  (A.  IX,  67,  68;  X.  13;  D  .  33,  etc.).
He  who  is  free  from  1-3  is  a  Sota^panna,  or  Stream-winner,  i.e.  one  who  has  entered  the  stream  to  Nibba^na,  as  it  were.  He  who,  besides  these  3  fetters,  has  overcome  4  and  5  in  their  grosser  form,  is  called  a  Sakada^ga^mi,  a  ”Once-returner”  (to  this  sensuous  world).  He  who  is  fully  freed  from  1-5  is  an  Ana^ga^mi^,  or  ”Non-returner”  (to  the  sensuous  world).  He  who  is  freed  from  all  the  10  fetters  is  called  an  Arahat,  i.e.  a  perfectly  Holy  One.
For  more  details,  s.  ariya-puggala.
The  10  fetters  as  enumerated  in  the  Abhidhamma,  e.g.  Vibh.  XVII,  are:  sensuous  craving,  ill-will,  conceit,  wrong  views,  sceptical  doubt,  clinging  to  mere  rules  and  ritual,  craving  for  existence,  envy,  stinginess,  ignorance.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【634】sankha^ra

  This  term  has,  according  to  its  context,  different  shades  of  meaning,  which  should  be  carefully  distinguished.
(I)  To  its  most  frequent  usages  (s.  foll.  1-4)  the  general  term  ”formation”  may  be  applied,  with  the  qualifications  required  by  the  context.  This  term  may  refer  either  to  the  act  of  ”forming  or  to  the  passive  state  of  ”having  been  formed”  or  to  both.
1.  As  the  2nd  link  of  the  formula  of  dependent  origination,  (paticcasamuppa^da,  q.v.),  sankha^ra  has  the  active  aspect,  ”forming,  and  signifies  karma  (q.v.),  i.e.  wholesome  or  unwholesome  volitional  activity  (cetana^)  of  body  (ka^ya-s.),  speech  (vaci^-s.)  or  mind  (citta-  or  mano-s.).  This  definition  occurs,  e.g.  at  S.  XII,  2,  27.  For  s.  in  this  sense,  the  word  ”karma-formation”  has  been  coined  by  the  author.  In  other  passages,  in  the  same  context,  s.  is  defined  by  reference  to  (a)  meritorious  karma-formations  (pun~n~”a^bhisankha^ra),  (b)  demeritorious  k.  (apun~n~”abhisankha^ra),  (c)  imperturbable  k.  (a^nen~j”a^bhisankha^ra),  e.g.  in  S.  XII,  51;  D.  33.  This  threefold  division  covers  karmic  activity  in  all  spheres  of  existence:  the  meritorious  karma-formations  extend  to  the  sensuous  and  the  fine-material  sphere,  the  demeritorious  ones  only  to  the  sensuous  sphere,  and  the  ”imperturbable”  only  to  the  immaterial  sphere.
2.  The  aforementioned  three  terms,  ka^ya-,  vaci^-  and  citta-s.  are  sometimes  used  in  quite  a  different  sense,  namely  as  (1)  bodily  function,  i.e.  in-and-out-breathing  (e.g.  M.  10),  (2)  verbal  function,  i.e.  thought-conception  and  discursive  thinking,  (3)  mental-function,  i.e.  feeling  and  perception  (e.g.  M.  44).  See  nirodhasama^patti.
3.  It  also  denotes  the  4th  group  of  existence  (sankha^rakkhandha),  and  includes  all  ”mental  formations”  whether  they  belong  to  ”karmically  forming”  consciousness  or  not.  See  khandha,  Tab.  II.  and  S.  XXII,  56,  79.
4.  It  occurs  further  in  the  sense  of  anything  formed  (sankhata,  q.v.)  and  conditioned,  and  includes  all  things  whatever  in  the  world,  all  phenomena  of  existence.  This  meaning  applies,  e.g.  to  the  well-known  passage,  "All  formations  are  impermanent...  subject  to  suffering"  (sabbe  sankha^ra  anicca^  ...  dukkha^).  In  that  context,  however,  s.  is  subordinate  to  the  still  wider  and  all-embracing  term  dhamma  (thing);  for  dhamma  includes  also  the  Unformed  or  Unconditioned  Element  (asankhata-dha^tu),  i.e.  Nibba^na  (e.g.  in  sabbe  dhamma^  anatta^,  "all  things  are  without  a  self").
(II)  Sankha^ra  also  means  sometimes  ”volitional  effort”,  e.g.  in  the  formula  of  the  roads  to  power  (iddhi-pa^da,  q.v.);  in  sasankha^ra-  and  asankha^ra-parinibba^yi^  (s.  ana^ga^mi^,  q.v.);  and  in  the  Abhidhamma  terms  asankha^rika-  (q.v.)  and  sasankha^rika-citta,  i.e.  without  effort  =  spontaneously,  and  with  effort  =  prompted.
In  Western  literature,  in  English  as  well  as  in  German,  sankha^ra  is  sometimes  mistranslated  by  ”subconscious  tendencies”  or  similarly  (e.g  Prof  Beckh:  "unterbewu?te  Bildekr?fte,"  i.e.  subconscious  formative  forces).  This  misinterpretation  derives  perhaps  from  a  similar  usage  in  non-Buddhist  Sanskrit  literature,  and  is  entirely  inapplicable  to  the  connotations  of  the  term  in  Pa^li  Buddhism,  as  listed  above  under  I,  1-4.  For  instance,  within  the  dependent  origination,  s.  is  neither  subconscious  nor  a  mere  tendency,  but  is  a  fully  conscious  and  active  karmic  volition.  In  the  context  of  the  5  groups  of  existence  (s.  above  I,  3),  a  very  few  of  the  factors  from  the  group  of  mental  formations  (sankha^rakkhandha)  are  also  present  as  concomitants  of  subconsciousness  (s.  Tab.  I-III),  but  are  of  course  not  restricted  to  it,  nor  are  they  mere  tendencies.

英漢對照詞典 【635】SARIPUTRA

Sariputra  ==  舍利弗

One  of  the  Ten  Great  Disciples  of  Shakyamuni,  noted  for  his  wisdom  and  learning.  He  was  also  the  right-hand  attendant  on  Shakyamuni.  He  figures  prominently  in  certain  sutras.  He  is  represented  as  standing  with  Maudgalyayana  by  the  Buddha  when  entering  Nirvana.  He  is  to  reappear  as  Padmaprabha  Buddha.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【636】sena^sana

  ”dwelling  place”,  is  one  of  the  4  requisites  of  the  monk”s  life  (s.  si^la  4).  To  be  suitable  for  spiritual  training,  it  should  possess  5  advantages.  As  it  is  said  (A.  X,  11):  "But  how,  o  monks,  does  the  dwelling  place  possess  5  advantages?  Such  a  dwelling  place  is  not  too  far,  nor  too  near  (to  the  village),  is  suitable  for  going  (on  almsround)  and  returning.  In  the  daytime  it  is  not  much  crowded,  and  at  night  without  noise  and  bustle.  One  is  not  much  molested  there  by  gadflies,  mosquitoes,  wind,  sun  and  creeping  things.  While  living  there,  the  monk  without  difficulty  obtains  robes,  almsfood,  dwelling,  and  the  necessary  medicines.  There  are  elder  monks  living  there,  with  great  learning,  well  versed  in  the  Message,  masters  of  the  Law  (dhamma),  of  the  Discipline  (vinaya)  and  of  the  Tables  of  Contents  (i.e.  either  the  twofold  Abhidhamma  Matrix,  or  the  Bhikkhu  and  Bhikkhuni  Pa^timokkha;  s.  pa^timokkha).  And  he  approaches  them  from  time  to  time,  questions  them,  asks  them  for  explanations,  etc.

英漢對照詞典 【637】SENSATION

Sensation  ==  受

or  Feeling.  The  Sanskrit  word  is  Vedana.  One  of  the  Five  Skandhas.  See  Five  Skandhas.

英漢對照詞典 【638】SIX DUSTS

Six  Dusts  ==  六塵

see  Six  Gunas.

英漢對照詞典 【639】SIX GUNAS

Six  Gunas  ==  六塵

or  Six  External  Bases,  or  Six  Dusts.  They  are  sight,  sound,  scent/smell,  taste,  tangibles/touch  and  dharma/idea.  They  are  the  qualities  produced  by  the  objects  and  organs  of  sense.

英漢對照詞典 【640】SIX PATHS

Six  Paths  ==  六道

see  Six  Directions  of  Reincarnation.

英漢對照詞典 【641】SIX ROOTS

Six  Roots  ==  六根

or  Six  Sense-organs,  see  Six  Indriyas.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【642】somanassa

  lit  ”glad-minded-ness”  (su+manas+ya),  gladness,  joy;  identical  with  ”mentally  agreeable  feeling”  (cetasika^  sukha^  vedana^),  belongs  to  the  feeling-group  (vedana^-kkhandha,  s.  khandha  II),  and  is  enumerated  amongst  the  22  faculties  (indriya,  q.v.).  It  may  or  may  not  be  associated  with  karmically  wholesome  consciousness  (s.  Tab.  I.  1-4,  9-12,  18-21),  with  karmically  unwholesome  consciousness  (greedy  c.  ib.  22-25),  and  with  karmically  neutral  consciousness  (ib.  40,  42-45,  57-60,  66-69,  72-76.  81-84),  -  Somanassa  is  not  identical  with  pi^ti  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【643】something

  kin~cana  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【644】suffering

  For  the  4  Truths  of  suffering,  s.  sacca;  further  s.  ti-lakkhana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【645】ti pitaka

”  T  he  Three  Bascets”,  is  the  name  for  the  3  main  divisions  of  the  Pa^li  Canon:  the  Basket  of  Discipline  (Vinaya  Pitaka),  the  Basket  of  Discourses  (Sutta  Pitaka)  and  the  Basket  ot  Philosophy  (Abhidhamma  Pitaka).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【646】ti ratana

”Three  Jewels”  or  Three  Gems,  which  by  all  Buddhists  are  revered  as  the  most  venerable  things,  are  the  Buddha,  the  Dhamma  and  the  Holy  Sangha.”  i.e.:  the  Enlightened  One;  the  law  of  deliverance  discovered,  realized  and  proclaimed  by  him;  and  the  Community  of  Holy  Disciples  and  those  who  live  in  accordance  with  the  Law.  -  The  contemplations  of  the  3  Jewels  belong  to  the  10  contemplations  (anussati  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【647】ti sarana

”Threefold  Refuge”,  in  which  every  faithful  adherent  of  the  Buddha  puts  his  whole  trust,  consists  in  the  Buddha,  the  Dhamma  and  the  Sangha  (s.  prec.).
The  Buddha,  or  Enlightened  One,  is  the  teacher  who  by  himself  has  discovered,  realized  and  proclaimed  to  the  world  the  law  of  deliverance.  The  Dhamma  is  the  law  of  deliverance.  The  Sangha  is  the  community  of  the  disciples,  who  have  realized  or  are  striving  to  realize  the  law  of  deliverance.
The  3-fold  Refuge  in  Pa^li,  by  the  uttering  of  which  one  may  also  outwardly  profess  one”s  faith,  is  still  the  same  as  in  the  Buddha”s  time,  namely:

Buddham  saranam  gaccha^mi
Dhammam  saranam  gaccha^mi
Sangham  saranam  gaccha^mi

I  take  my  refuge  in  the  Buddha!
I  take  my  refuge  in  the  Dhamma!
I  take  my  refuge  in  the  Sangha!

Literature:  The  Threefold  Refuge  by  Nyanaponika  Thera  (WHEEL  76).  -  Devotion  in  Buddhism  (WHEEL  18).  Going  for  Refuge,  by  Bhikkhu  Bodhi  (WHEEL  282/284)  -  Khp.  Tr.  pp.  4ff.

英漢對照詞典 【648】TRAILOKYA

Trailokya  ==  叁界

see  Three  Realms.

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