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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 业(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 识(Vijnana) 无常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 结集(samgiti) 轮回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【649】treasures

  the  7:  s.  dhana  (q.v.).

英汉对照词典 【650】TRIPITAKA

Tripitaka  ==  三藏(经、律、论)

It  is  a  Sanskrit  word  meaning  Three  Treasures:  
1.Sutra  Pitika  -  the  sermons  attributed  to  the  Shakyamuni  Buddha.
2.Vinaya  Pitika  -  the  discipline  in  practice  to  act  according  to  the  rules  and  regulations.
3.Abhidharma  Pitika  -  the  philosophical  work,  such  as  discourses,  discussions,  or  treatises  on  the  dogma,  doctrines,  etc.  of  Buddhism.

南传佛教英文辞典 【651】upa^da^na

  ”clinging”,  according  to  Vis.M.  XVII,  is  an  intensified  degree  of  craving  (tanha^,  q.v.).  The  4  kinds  of  clinging  are:  sensuous  clinging  (ka^mupa^da^na),  clinging  to  views  (ditthupa^da^na),  clinging  to  mere  rules  and  ritual  (si^labbatupa^da^na),  clinging  to  the  personaljty-belief  (atta-va^dupa^da^na).
(1)  "What  now  is  the  sensuous  clinging?  Whatever  with  regard  to  sensuous  objects  there  exists  of  sensuous  lust,  sensuous  desire,  sensuous  attachment,  sensuous  passion,  sensuous  deludedness,  sensuous  fetters:  this  is  called  sensuous  clinging.
(2)  ””What  is  the  clinging  to  views?  ”Alms  and  offerings  are  useless;  there  is  no  fruit  and  result  for  good  and  bad  deeds:  all  such  view  and  wrong  conceptions  are  called  the  clinging  to  views.
(3)  "What  is  the  clinging  to  mere  rules  and  ritual?  The  holding  firmly  to  the  view  that  through  mere  rules  and  ritual  one  may  reach  purification:  this  is  called  the  clinging  to  mere  rules  and  ritual.
(4)  "What  is  the  clinging  to  the  personality-belief?  The  20  kinds  of  ego-views  with  regard  to  the  groups  of  existence  (s.  sakka^ya-ditthi):  these  are  called  the  clinging  to  the  personality-belief"  (Dhs.  1214-17).
This  traditional  fourfold  division  of  clinging  is  not  quite  satisfactory.  Besides  kamupa^da^na  we  should  expect  either  rúpupa^da^na  and  arúpupa^da^na,  or  simply  bhavupa^da^na.  Though  the  Ana^ga^mi^  is  entirely  free  from  the  traditional  4  kinds  of  upa^da^na,  he  is  not  freed  from  rebirth,  as  he  still  possesses  bhavupa^da^na.  The  Com.  to  Vis.M.  XVII,  in  trying  to  get  out  of  this  dilemma,  explains  ka^mupa^da^na  as  including  here  all  the  remaining  kinds  of  clinging.
"Clinging”  is  the  common  rendering  for  u.,  though  ”grasping”  would  come  closer  to  the  literal  meaning  of  it,  which  is  ”uptake”;  s.  Three  Cardinal  Discourses  (WHEEL  17),  p.19.

南传佛教英文辞典 【652】upa^sika^

  ”female  adherent”;  s.  upa^saka.

南传佛教英文辞典 【653】vanishing

  Contemplation  of:  vaya^nupassana^,  is  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (vipassa^na,  q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【654】vinipa^ta

  ”world  of  suffering”,  is  another  name  for  the  4  woeful  courses  (duggati;  s.  gati)  of  existence,  and  for  the  4  lower  worlds  (apa^ya,  q.v.).
The  Stream-Winner  (sota^panna,  q.v.)  is  no  longer  subject  to  rebirth  in  them  (avinipa^ta-dhamma).

南传佛教英文辞典 【655】vya^pa^da

  ”ill-will”,  is  a  synonym  of  dosa  (s.  múla);  it  is  one  of  the  5  hindrances  (ni^varana,  q.v.)  and  one  of  the  10  fetters  (samyojana,  q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【656】worldling

  puthujjana  (q.v.).

英汉对照词典 【657】YASODHARA

Yasodhara  ==  耶苏陀罗

the  wife  of  Siddhartha  Goutama.

中国百科全书 【658】阿含(agama)

  ahan

  原始佛教基本经典。各类阿含经的统称。为梵文的音译,也作阿晗  、阿含暮、阿笈摩等。《长阿含经·序》意译为“法归”,谓阿含经乃“万善之渊府,总持之林苑”。《翻译名义集》卷四译作“无比法”,言此典为法之最上者。《一切经音义》卷二十四译作“教”或“传”,意指“教说”或“依师弟传承的教说”。佛教经典大都沿袭此意解释。

  内容  基本上是以一种言行录的体裁,记述佛陀所说及其直传弟子们的修道和传教活动;阐述当时“外道”的学说以及佛陀对他们的批驳。其中所述佛教的基本教义有四谛、八正道、十二因缘、缘起、无常、无我、五蕴、四禅、善恶报应、轮回等等。小乘佛教各派均宗阿含。小乘律、论也都引述或阐发阿含的内容。阿含经为研究佛教产生以及原始佛教教义的主要典籍,其中还包含当时印度政治、宗教和哲学的重要资料。

  成书过程  据佛典传说,佛涅槃不久,大迦叶遴选500名硕学僧人在王舍城结集三藏。释迦牟尼所说的经由阿难诵出,有五大部阿含。一般认为,第一次结集时已确定了阿含经的基本内容,但在阿育王之前尚未经编辑。直到部派佛教时期,阿含才陆续系统地经过整理。约公园前1世纪写成文字,按经文篇幅长短,北传佛教分为《长阿含经》、《中阿含经》、《杂阿含经》和《增一阿含经》四部。南传佛教分为《长部经典》、《中部经典》、《相应部经典》、《增支部经典》和《小部经典》等五部。北传四部与南传五部的前四部大体相应。但经文排列次序相差甚大,收经的数目也不尽相同。又因两传文本出自不同部派,经文内容也有所出入。据说各大部派都有自己的阿含经,但都不同程度的添加了非佛说的后期内容。

  汉译  四部阿含的汉译出自不同部派,编成时间有先后。《杂阿含经》出自化地部,南朝宋求那跋陀罗译,共50卷。此书各经文句杂碎,夹杂汇编。《增一阿含经》,属说一切有部,并以大众部本修补。东晋僧伽提婆译,共50卷(或作51卷)。此经以法数相次,从一法增至十法,一一相从,文义条贯。《中阿含经》为说一切有部所传。东晋僧伽提婆译,共60卷。《长阿含经》编辑最晚,依法藏部本。后秦佛陀耶舍、竺佛念译,共22卷。中国译经始于阿含。汉明帝时,译出《四十二章经》,从内容看当是阿含中某些章节的节译或编译。其后200余年间,有安世高、支谦、法护、法炬等译出阿含若干单品。所据文本既有梵文本又有西域各国文本,各品出自何部派已难稽考。4世纪末到5世纪中叶,四部阿含经陆续依梵本整部译出。从东汉到北宋,历代都有阿含中一些经的异译本,据《精刻大藏经目录》(支那内学院编)记载,现尚存161种。南传《小部经典》,中国有一大部分缺译,已有的译文也散存各处。此外,阿含的汉译,深受中国文化的影响,译者有时取中国习惯用语加以意译,致使意义有所不同。如汉译《长阿含经》中的《阿摩昼经》和《梵动经》有关于针灸的记载,但巴利文《长部经典》中的上述两经则无此内容。(任  杰  魏道儒)

中国百科全书 【659】法(dharma)

  Fa

  佛教术语。《俱舍论》卷一称“能持自相故名为法”。这是传统的解释,意即凡具有质的规定性,并为人们所认识的一切事物和现象,就称为法。根据这种解释,由于大小乘及派别的不同,其分类也不同。通常有以下三种:

  三科  大小乘都承认的分类法,即把一切诸法分为五蕴、十二处(又称十二入)、十八界。1、五蕴。即指构成人的五种要素的集聚。色,即物质世界,对人来说是指身体及肉体的物质性;受,即感觉;想,即表象作用;行,即意志;识,即统一各种心理作用的意识。2、十二处。即六根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)和六境(色、声、香、味、触、法)。亦即六种感觉器官及其相对的客观对象。3、十八界。即六根、六境以及由此而产生的六识(眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识)。

  三科的分类法,要求佛教徒从这三方面来观察人和人所面对的客观世界,目的是破除“我执”的谬见,认识“无我”的道理。

  五位七十五法  小乘说一切有部对宇宙万有的分类法。他们把宇宙间的一切物质现象和精神现象分为两大类:由因缘和合而产生的有生灭变化的现象称有为法;非由因缘和合而产生的无生灭变化的现象称无为法。有为法中分为色法十一种,心法一种,心所有法四十六种,心不相应法十四种。无为法只有三种。总计七十五种,故称五位七十五法。①色法。物质现象,即五根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身)、五境(色、声、香、味、触)和无表色(亦称无作色,指外表不显的物质现象),计十一种。②心法。精神现象,一种。③心所有法。心法派生或随属的现象或作用。有四十六种,分为六品:一为遍大地法:普遍都有的精神现象或境界。有受、想、思、触(感触)、欲(欲望)、慧(智慧)、念(记忆)、作意(意愿)、胜解(以为)、三摩地(三昧),计十种。二为大善地法:善的精神现象。有信、勤(努力)、舍(精神放松)、惭(惭愧,对自己而言)、愧(惭愧,对别人而言)、无贪、无瞋、不害(不杀、非暴力)、轻安(心情舒适)、不放逸(不断努力)十种。三为大烦恼地法:较大烦恼的精神现象或境界。有无明(无知)、放逸、懈怠、不信、昏沈(昏沉)、掉举(心不平静)六种。四为大不善地法:不善的精神现象或境界。有无惭、无愧两种。五为小烦恼地法:一般烦恼的精神现象或境界。有忿(怒)、覆(掩饰错误)、悭、嫉、恼(狠戾)、害、恨、谄、诳憍(骄傲)十种。六为不定地法:不定的精神现象或境界。有恶作、睡眠、寻(寻求)、伺(深度的或细心的贪求)、贪、瞋、慢、疑八种。④心不相应法:与色、心皆不相应的,即既非精神又非物质的现象。有得(成就)、非得、同分(众生各各自我类似的一些活动)、无想果、无想定(不去思想外界,使心不动)、灭尽定(用尽力量,使思想不活动)、命根(生命的器官)、生、住(阶段性的停止)、异(变化)、灭、名身(音节合成的概念)、句身(句子的合集)、文身(字母的合集)十四种。⑤无为法。分虚空无为(认识真理犹如虚空的精神现象或境界)、择灭无为(通过智慧的拣择力,断灭烦恼而悟得的精神现象或境界)、非择灭无为(非通过智慧的拣择力,而因缺乏条件致使不生的精神现象或境界)三种。

  五位百法  瑜伽行派对宇宙万有各种现象的分类法,包括心法八种,心所有法五十一种,色法十一种,心不相应法二十四种,无为法六种,合计共百种,故称五位百法。①心法。分八识,即眼识(视觉)、耳识(听觉)、鼻识(嗅觉)、舌识(味觉)、身识(触觉)、意识(统一各种心理作用的意识)、末那识(思维度量的识)、阿赖耶识(根本识)。②心所有法。分六品、五十一种。遍行:有作意、触、受、思、想五种。别境:有欲、胜解、念、定、慧五种。善:有信、精进、惭、愧、无贪、无瞋、无痴、轻安、不放逸、行、舍、不害十二种。根本烦恼:有贪、瞋(仇恨)、痴(愚昧)、慢(傲慢)、疑(犹豫不决)、恶见(错误见解)六种。随烦恼。有忿、恨、复、恼、嫉、悭、诳、谄、害、憍、无惭、无愧、掉举、昏沈、不信、懈怠、施逸、失念(遗忘)、散乱、不正知二十种。不定:有悔、睡眠、寻、伺四种。③色法。分五根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身)、五尘(色、声、香、味、触)和法处所摄色十一种。④心不相应法。发得、命根、众同分(众生的共性)、异生性(形成众生之间不同的本性)、无想定、灭尽定、无想事、名身、句身、文身、生、老、住、无常、流转、定异(区别)、相应(因果相称)、势速(变化的速度)、次第(序列)、方(空间)、时、数、和合性(总性)、不和合性(分解)二十四种。⑤无为法。分虚空无为、择灭无为、非择灭无为、不动灭无为(不为苦乐所动的境界)、真如无为(达到最高真理的精神境界)。

  诸家释义  以上仅是法的一种最常见的用法。实际上,在佛教文献中,法的含义多种多样,用法及其内涵极其复杂。例如:1、真理、法则、规范。见《法华经·方便品》、《维摩经》等。2、正当的事情(非指善行)。见《出曜经·无放逸品》。3、指作为理法的缘起。见《中阿含经》卷七。4、教导、佛陀的教导、佛法。见《维摩经》、《义足经》、《出曜经·无放逸品》、《有部律破僧事》、《法华经》、《中论》、《百五十赞》等。5、三宝之一。见《中阿含经》卷十一。6、具体的戒律,学处。见《游行经》和《大般涅槃经》。7、指十二部经  。见《般泥洹经》。8、本性。见《中论》。9、型。见《维摩经》。10、意之对象,六境之一。见《般若心经》、《金刚般若经》、《中论》、《维摩经》等。11、存在、对象。见《维摩经》、《辨中边论》、《庄严经论》、《唯识三十颂》、《成唯识论》等。12、用文字表达的意思。13、心的活动,心的功能。14、实体。15、三身之一的法身。见《唯识三十颂》。16、与主语相对之述语。见《正理门论》。17、相当于中国因明中的义、后陈、差别、能别。见《因明大疏》。18、密教中的祈祷、修法。见《百五十赞》、《观音经》、《华严经》、《灌顶经》等。(高杨  元湛)  
  

南传佛教英文辞典 【660】a^bhassara

  he  ”Radiant  Ones”,  are  a  class  of  heavenly  beings  of  the  fine-material  world  (rúpa-loka);  cf.  deva.

南传佛教英文辞典 【661】aberration

  in  morality  and  understanding):  s.  vipatti.

南传佛教英文辞典 【662】abhin~n~a^

  The  6  ”higher  powers”,  or  supernormal  knowledge”s,  ...
The  6  ”higher  powers”,  or  supernormal  knowledge”s,  consist  of  5  mundane  (lokiya,  q.v.)  powers  attainable  through  the  utmost  perfection  in  mental  concentration  (sama^dhi,  q.v.)  and  one  supermundane  (lokuttara,  q.v.)  power  attainable  through  penetrating  insight  (vipassana^,  q.v.),  i.e.  extinction  of  all  cankers  (a^savakkhaya;  s.  a^sava),  in  other  words,  realization  of  Arahatship  or  Holiness.
They  are:  
(1)  magical  powers  (iddhi-vidha),  
(2)  divine  ear  (dibba-sota),  
(3)  penetration  of  the  minds  of  others  (ceto-pariya-n~a^na),  
(4)  remembrance  of  former  existences  (pubbe-niva^sa^nussati),  
(5)  divine  eye  (dibba-cakkhu),  
(6)  extinction  of  all  cankers  (a^savakkhaya).  
The  stereotype  text  met  with  in  all  the  4  Sutta-collections  (e.g.  D.34;  M.4,  M.6,  M.77;  A.III.99;  A.V.23;  S.15.9  and  Pug.271,  Pug.239)  is  as  follows:
(1)  "Now,  O  Bhikkhus,  the  monk  enjoys  the  various  magical  powers  (iddhi-vidha),  such  as  being  one  he  becomes  manifold,  and  having  become  manifold  he  again  becomes  one.  He  appears  and  disappears.  Without  being  obstructed  he  passes  through  walls  and  mountains,  just  as  if  through  the  air.  In  the  earth  he  dives  and  rises  up  again,  just  as  if  in  the  water.  He  walks  on  water  without  sinking,  just  as  if  on  the  earth.  Cross-legged  he  floats  through  the  air,  just  like  a  winged  bird.  With  his  hand  he  touches  the  sun  and  moon,  these  so  mighty  ones,  so  powerful  ones.  Even  up  to  the  Brahma-world  he  has  mastery  over  his  body.
(2)  "With  the  divine  ear  (dibba-sota)  he  hears  sounds  both  heavenly  and  human,  far  and  near.
(3)  "He  knows  the  minds  of  other  beings  (parassa  ceto-pariya-n~a^na),  of  other  persons,  by  penetrating  them  with  his  own  mind.  He  knows  the  greedy  mind  as  greedy  and  the  not-greedy  one  as  not  greedy;  knows  the  hating  mind  as  hating  and  the  not-hating  one  as  not  hating;  knows  the  deluded  mind  as  deluded  and  the  not-deluded  one  as  not  deluded;  knows  the  shrunken  mind  and  the  distracted  one,  the  developed  mind  and  the  undeveloped  one,  the  surpassable  mind  and  the  unsurpassable  one,  the  concentrated  mind  and  the  unconcentrated  one,  the  freed  mind  and  the  unfreed  one.
(4)  "He  remembers  manifold  former  existences  (pubbe-niva^sa^nussati),  such  as  one  birth,  two,  three,  four  and  five  births  ....  hundred  thousand  births;  remembers  many  formations  and  dissolutions  of  worlds:  ”There  I  was,  such  name  I  had  ....  and  vanishing  from  there  I  entered  into  existence  somewhere  else  ....  and  vanishing  from  there  I  again  reappeared  here.”  Thus  he  remembers,  always  together  with  the  marks  and  peculiarities,  many  a  former  existence  .
(5)  ””With  the  divine  eye  (dibba-cakkhu  =  yatha^-kammúpaga-n~a^na  or  cutúpapa^ta-n~a^na),  the  pure  one,  he  sees  beings  vanishing  and  reappearing,  low  and  noble  ones,  beautiful  and  ugly  ones,  sees  how  beings  are  reappearing  according  to  their  deeds  (s.  karma):  ”These  beings,  indeed,  followed  evil  ways  in  bodily  actions,  words  and  thoughts,  insulted  the  noble  ones,  held  evil  views,  and  according  to  their  evil  views  they  acted.  At  the  dissolution  of  their  body,  after  death,  they  have  appeared  in  lower  worlds,  in  painful  states  of  existence,  in  the  world  of  suffering,  in  hell.  Those  other  beings,  however,  are  endowed  with  good  action  ....  have  appeared  in  happy  state  of  existence,  in  a  heavenly  world.
(6)  "Through  the  extinction  of  all  cankers  (a^savakkhaya)  even  in  this  very  life  he  enters  into  the  possession  of  deliverance  of  mind,  deliverance  through  wisdom,  after  having  himself  understood  and  realized  it.””
4-6  appear  frequently  under  the  name  of  the  ”threefold  (higher)  knowledge”  (te-vijja^,  q.v.).  They  are,  however,  not  a  necessary  condition  for  the  attainment  of  sainthood  (arahatta),  i.e.  of  the  sixth  abhin~n~a^.
Vis.M.  XI-XIII  gives  a  detailed  explanation  of  the  5  mundane  higher  powers,  together  with  the  method  of  attaining  them.
In  connection  with  the  4  kinds  of  progress  (s.  patipada^),  abhin~n~a^  means  the  ”comprehension”  achieved  on  attainment  of  the  paths  and  fruitions.

南传佛教英文辞典 【663】abhisamaya

  ”truth-realization”,  ...
is  the  full  and  direct  grasp  of  the  Four  Noble  Truths  by  the  Stream-winner  (Sota^panna;  s.  ariya-puggala).
In  the  Com.  the  term  is  represented  by  ”penetration”  (pativedha,  q.v.).  Frequently  occurring  as  dhamma^bhisamaya,  ”realization  of  the  doctrine”
Cf.  S.  XIII  (Abhisamaya  Samyutta)  and  Pts.M.  (Abhisamaya  Katha^).

南传佛教英文辞典 【664】absorption

  s.  jha^na.

南传佛教英文辞典 【665】adhimokkha

  ”determination”,  decision,  resolve  ...
”determination”,  decision,  resolve:  
is  one  of  the  mental  concomitants  (cetasika)  and  belongs  to  the  group  of  mental  formations  (sankha^ra-kkhandha).
In  M.111,  it  is  mentioned  together  with  other  mental  concomitants.
See  Tab.  II,  III.

英汉对照词典 【666】ADHITTHANA

adhitthana  ==  决定,决意,受持,依处,摄持

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