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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【649】treasures

  the  7:  s.  dhana  (q.v.).

英漢對照詞典 【650】TRIPITAKA

Tripitaka  ==  叁藏(經、律、論)

It  is  a  Sanskrit  word  meaning  Three  Treasures:  
1.Sutra  Pitika  -  the  sermons  attributed  to  the  Shakyamuni  Buddha.
2.Vinaya  Pitika  -  the  discipline  in  practice  to  act  according  to  the  rules  and  regulations.
3.Abhidharma  Pitika  -  the  philosophical  work,  such  as  discourses,  discussions,  or  treatises  on  the  dogma,  doctrines,  etc.  of  Buddhism.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【651】upa^da^na

  ”clinging”,  according  to  Vis.M.  XVII,  is  an  intensified  degree  of  craving  (tanha^,  q.v.).  The  4  kinds  of  clinging  are:  sensuous  clinging  (ka^mupa^da^na),  clinging  to  views  (ditthupa^da^na),  clinging  to  mere  rules  and  ritual  (si^labbatupa^da^na),  clinging  to  the  personaljty-belief  (atta-va^dupa^da^na).
(1)  "What  now  is  the  sensuous  clinging?  Whatever  with  regard  to  sensuous  objects  there  exists  of  sensuous  lust,  sensuous  desire,  sensuous  attachment,  sensuous  passion,  sensuous  deludedness,  sensuous  fetters:  this  is  called  sensuous  clinging.
(2)  ””What  is  the  clinging  to  views?  ”Alms  and  offerings  are  useless;  there  is  no  fruit  and  result  for  good  and  bad  deeds:  all  such  view  and  wrong  conceptions  are  called  the  clinging  to  views.
(3)  "What  is  the  clinging  to  mere  rules  and  ritual?  The  holding  firmly  to  the  view  that  through  mere  rules  and  ritual  one  may  reach  purification:  this  is  called  the  clinging  to  mere  rules  and  ritual.
(4)  "What  is  the  clinging  to  the  personality-belief?  The  20  kinds  of  ego-views  with  regard  to  the  groups  of  existence  (s.  sakka^ya-ditthi):  these  are  called  the  clinging  to  the  personality-belief"  (Dhs.  1214-17).
This  traditional  fourfold  division  of  clinging  is  not  quite  satisfactory.  Besides  kamupa^da^na  we  should  expect  either  rúpupa^da^na  and  arúpupa^da^na,  or  simply  bhavupa^da^na.  Though  the  Ana^ga^mi^  is  entirely  free  from  the  traditional  4  kinds  of  upa^da^na,  he  is  not  freed  from  rebirth,  as  he  still  possesses  bhavupa^da^na.  The  Com.  to  Vis.M.  XVII,  in  trying  to  get  out  of  this  dilemma,  explains  ka^mupa^da^na  as  including  here  all  the  remaining  kinds  of  clinging.
"Clinging”  is  the  common  rendering  for  u.,  though  ”grasping”  would  come  closer  to  the  literal  meaning  of  it,  which  is  ”uptake”;  s.  Three  Cardinal  Discourses  (WHEEL  17),  p.19.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【652】upa^sika^

  ”female  adherent”;  s.  upa^saka.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【653】vanishing

  Contemplation  of:  vaya^nupassana^,  is  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (vipassa^na,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【654】vinipa^ta

  ”world  of  suffering”,  is  another  name  for  the  4  woeful  courses  (duggati;  s.  gati)  of  existence,  and  for  the  4  lower  worlds  (apa^ya,  q.v.).
The  Stream-Winner  (sota^panna,  q.v.)  is  no  longer  subject  to  rebirth  in  them  (avinipa^ta-dhamma).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【655】vya^pa^da

  ”ill-will”,  is  a  synonym  of  dosa  (s.  múla);  it  is  one  of  the  5  hindrances  (ni^varana,  q.v.)  and  one  of  the  10  fetters  (samyojana,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【656】worldling

  puthujjana  (q.v.).

英漢對照詞典 【657】YASODHARA

Yasodhara  ==  耶蘇陀羅

the  wife  of  Siddhartha  Goutama.

中國百科全書 【658】阿含(agama)

  ahan

  原始佛教基本經典。各類阿含經的統稱。爲梵文的音譯,也作阿晗  、阿含暮、阿笈摩等。《長阿含經·序》意譯爲“法歸”,謂阿含經乃“萬善之淵府,總持之林苑”。《翻譯名義集》卷四譯作“無比法”,言此典爲法之最上者。《一切經音義》卷二十四譯作“教”或“傳”,意指“教說”或“依師弟傳承的教說”。佛教經典大都沿襲此意解釋。

  內容  基本上是以一種言行錄的體裁,記述佛陀所說及其直傳弟子們的修道和傳教活動;闡述當時“外道”的學說以及佛陀對他們的批駁。其中所述佛教的基本教義有四谛、八正道、十二因緣、緣起、無常、無我、五蘊、四禅、善惡報應、輪回等等。小乘佛教各派均宗阿含。小乘律、論也都引述或闡發阿含的內容。阿含經爲研究佛教産生以及原始佛教教義的主要典籍,其中還包含當時印度政治、宗教和哲學的重要資料。

  成書過程  據佛典傳說,佛涅槃不久,大迦葉遴選500名碩學僧人在王舍城結集叁藏。釋迦牟尼所說的經由阿難誦出,有五大部阿含。一般認爲,第一次結集時已確定了阿含經的基本內容,但在阿育王之前尚未經編輯。直到部派佛教時期,阿含才陸續系統地經過整理。約公園前1世紀寫成文字,按經文篇幅長短,北傳佛教分爲《長阿含經》、《中阿含經》、《雜阿含經》和《增一阿含經》四部。南傳佛教分爲《長部經典》、《中部經典》、《相應部經典》、《增支部經典》和《小部經典》等五部。北傳四部與南傳五部的前四部大體相應。但經文排列次序相差甚大,收經的數目也不盡相同。又因兩傳文本出自不同部派,經文內容也有所出入。據說各大部派都有自己的阿含經,但都不同程度的添加了非佛說的後期內容。

  漢譯  四部阿含的漢譯出自不同部派,編成時間有先後。《雜阿含經》出自化地部,南朝宋求那跋陀羅譯,共50卷。此書各經文句雜碎,夾雜彙編。《增一阿含經》,屬說一切有部,並以大衆部本修補。東晉僧伽提婆譯,共50卷(或作51卷)。此經以法數相次,從一法增至十法,一一相從,文義條貫。《中阿含經》爲說一切有部所傳。東晉僧伽提婆譯,共60卷。《長阿含經》編輯最晚,依法藏部本。後秦佛陀耶舍、竺佛念譯,共22卷。中國譯經始于阿含。漢明帝時,譯出《四十二章經》,從內容看當是阿含中某些章節的節譯或編譯。其後200余年間,有安世高、支謙、法護、法炬等譯出阿含若幹單品。所據文本既有梵文本又有西域各國文本,各品出自何部派已難稽考。4世紀末到5世紀中葉,四部阿含經陸續依梵本整部譯出。從東漢到北宋,曆代都有阿含中一些經的異譯本,據《精刻大藏經目錄》(支那內學院編)記載,現尚存161種。南傳《小部經典》,中國有一大部分缺譯,已有的譯文也散存各處。此外,阿含的漢譯,深受中國文化的影響,譯者有時取中國習慣用語加以意譯,致使意義有所不同。如漢譯《長阿含經》中的《阿摩晝經》和《梵動經》有關于針灸的記載,但巴利文《長部經典》中的上述兩經則無此內容。(任  傑  魏道儒)

中國百科全書 【659】法(dharma)

  Fa

  佛教術語。《俱舍論》卷一稱“能持自相故名爲法”。這是傳統的解釋,意即凡具有質的規定性,並爲人們所認識的一切事物和現象,就稱爲法。根據這種解釋,由于大小乘及派別的不同,其分類也不同。通常有以下叁種:

  叁科  大小乘都承認的分類法,即把一切諸法分爲五蘊、十二處(又稱十二入)、十八界。1、五蘊。即指構成人的五種要素的集聚。色,即物質世界,對人來說是指身體及肉體的物質性;受,即感覺;想,即表象作用;行,即意志;識,即統一各種心理作用的意識。2、十二處。即六根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)和六境(色、聲、香、味、觸、法)。亦即六種感覺器官及其相對的客觀對象。3、十八界。即六根、六境以及由此而産生的六識(眼識、耳識、鼻識、舌識、身識、意識)。

  叁科的分類法,要求佛教徒從這叁方面來觀察人和人所面對的客觀世界,目的是破除“我執”的謬見,認識“無我”的道理。

  五位七十五法  小乘說一切有部對宇宙萬有的分類法。他們把宇宙間的一切物質現象和精神現象分爲兩大類:由因緣和合而産生的有生滅變化的現象稱有爲法;非由因緣和合而産生的無生滅變化的現象稱無爲法。有爲法中分爲色法十一種,心法一種,心所有法四十六種,心不相應法十四種。無爲法只有叁種。總計七十五種,故稱五位七十五法。①色法。物質現象,即五根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身)、五境(色、聲、香、味、觸)和無表色(亦稱無作色,指外表不顯的物質現象),計十一種。②心法。精神現象,一種。③心所有法。心法派生或隨屬的現象或作用。有四十六種,分爲六品:一爲遍大地法:普遍都有的精神現象或境界。有受、想、思、觸(感觸)、欲(欲望)、慧(智慧)、念(記憶)、作意(意願)、勝解(以爲)、叁摩地(叁昧),計十種。二爲大善地法:善的精神現象。有信、勤(努力)、舍(精神放松)、慚(慚愧,對自己而言)、愧(慚愧,對別人而言)、無貪、無瞋、不害(不殺、非暴力)、輕安(心情舒適)、不放逸(不斷努力)十種。叁爲大煩惱地法:較大煩惱的精神現象或境界。有無明(無知)、放逸、懈怠、不信、昏沈(昏沈)、掉舉(心不平靜)六種。四爲大不善地法:不善的精神現象或境界。有無慚、無愧兩種。五爲小煩惱地法:一般煩惱的精神現象或境界。有忿(怒)、覆(掩飾錯誤)、悭、嫉、惱(狠戾)、害、恨、谄、诳憍(驕傲)十種。六爲不定地法:不定的精神現象或境界。有惡作、睡眠、尋(尋求)、伺(深度的或細心的貪求)、貪、瞋、慢、疑八種。④心不相應法:與色、心皆不相應的,即既非精神又非物質的現象。有得(成就)、非得、同分(衆生各各自我類似的一些活動)、無想果、無想定(不去思想外界,使心不動)、滅盡定(用盡力量,使思想不活動)、命根(生命的器官)、生、住(階段性的停止)、異(變化)、滅、名身(音節合成的概念)、句身(句子的合集)、文身(字母的合集)十四種。⑤無爲法。分虛空無爲(認識真理猶如虛空的精神現象或境界)、擇滅無爲(通過智慧的揀擇力,斷滅煩惱而悟得的精神現象或境界)、非擇滅無爲(非通過智慧的揀擇力,而因缺乏條件致使不生的精神現象或境界)叁種。

  五位百法  瑜伽行派對宇宙萬有各種現象的分類法,包括心法八種,心所有法五十一種,色法十一種,心不相應法二十四種,無爲法六種,合計共百種,故稱五位百法。①心法。分八識,即眼識(視覺)、耳識(聽覺)、鼻識(嗅覺)、舌識(味覺)、身識(觸覺)、意識(統一各種心理作用的意識)、末那識(思維度量的識)、阿賴耶識(根本識)。②心所有法。分六品、五十一種。遍行:有作意、觸、受、思、想五種。別境:有欲、勝解、念、定、慧五種。善:有信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無癡、輕安、不放逸、行、舍、不害十二種。根本煩惱:有貪、瞋(仇恨)、癡(愚昧)、慢(傲慢)、疑(猶豫不決)、惡見(錯誤見解)六種。隨煩惱。有忿、恨、複、惱、嫉、悭、诳、谄、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、昏沈、不信、懈怠、施逸、失念(遺忘)、散亂、不正知二十種。不定:有悔、睡眠、尋、伺四種。③色法。分五根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身)、五塵(色、聲、香、味、觸)和法處所攝色十一種。④心不相應法。發得、命根、衆同分(衆生的共性)、異生性(形成衆生之間不同的本性)、無想定、滅盡定、無想事、名身、句身、文身、生、老、住、無常、流轉、定異(區別)、相應(因果相稱)、勢速(變化的速度)、次第(序列)、方(空間)、時、數、和合性(總性)、不和合性(分解)二十四種。⑤無爲法。分虛空無爲、擇滅無爲、非擇滅無爲、不動滅無爲(不爲苦樂所動的境界)、真如無爲(達到最高真理的精神境界)。

  諸家釋義  以上僅是法的一種最常見的用法。實際上,在佛教文獻中,法的含義多種多樣,用法及其內涵極其複雜。例如:1、真理、法則、規範。見《法華經·方便品》、《維摩經》等。2、正當的事情(非指善行)。見《出曜經·無放逸品》。3、指作爲理法的緣起。見《中阿含經》卷七。4、教導、佛陀的教導、佛法。見《維摩經》、《義足經》、《出曜經·無放逸品》、《有部律破僧事》、《法華經》、《中論》、《百五十贊》等。5、叁寶之一。見《中阿含經》卷十一。6、具體的戒律,學處。見《遊行經》和《大般涅槃經》。7、指十二部經  。見《般泥洹經》。8、本性。見《中論》。9、型。見《維摩經》。10、意之對象,六境之一。見《般若心經》、《金剛般若經》、《中論》、《維摩經》等。11、存在、對象。見《維摩經》、《辨中邊論》、《莊嚴經論》、《唯識叁十頌》、《成唯識論》等。12、用文字表達的意思。13、心的活動,心的功能。14、實體。15、叁身之一的法身。見《唯識叁十頌》。16、與主語相對之述語。見《正理門論》。17、相當于中國因明中的義、後陳、差別、能別。見《因明大疏》。18、密教中的祈禱、修法。見《百五十贊》、《觀音經》、《華嚴經》、《灌頂經》等。(高楊  元湛)  
  

南傳佛教英文辭典 【660】a^bhassara

  he  ”Radiant  Ones”,  are  a  class  of  heavenly  beings  of  the  fine-material  world  (rúpa-loka);  cf.  deva.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【661】aberration

  in  morality  and  understanding):  s.  vipatti.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【662】abhin~n~a^

  The  6  ”higher  powers”,  or  supernormal  knowledge”s,  ...
The  6  ”higher  powers”,  or  supernormal  knowledge”s,  consist  of  5  mundane  (lokiya,  q.v.)  powers  attainable  through  the  utmost  perfection  in  mental  concentration  (sama^dhi,  q.v.)  and  one  supermundane  (lokuttara,  q.v.)  power  attainable  through  penetrating  insight  (vipassana^,  q.v.),  i.e.  extinction  of  all  cankers  (a^savakkhaya;  s.  a^sava),  in  other  words,  realization  of  Arahatship  or  Holiness.
They  are:  
(1)  magical  powers  (iddhi-vidha),  
(2)  divine  ear  (dibba-sota),  
(3)  penetration  of  the  minds  of  others  (ceto-pariya-n~a^na),  
(4)  remembrance  of  former  existences  (pubbe-niva^sa^nussati),  
(5)  divine  eye  (dibba-cakkhu),  
(6)  extinction  of  all  cankers  (a^savakkhaya).  
The  stereotype  text  met  with  in  all  the  4  Sutta-collections  (e.g.  D.34;  M.4,  M.6,  M.77;  A.III.99;  A.V.23;  S.15.9  and  Pug.271,  Pug.239)  is  as  follows:
(1)  "Now,  O  Bhikkhus,  the  monk  enjoys  the  various  magical  powers  (iddhi-vidha),  such  as  being  one  he  becomes  manifold,  and  having  become  manifold  he  again  becomes  one.  He  appears  and  disappears.  Without  being  obstructed  he  passes  through  walls  and  mountains,  just  as  if  through  the  air.  In  the  earth  he  dives  and  rises  up  again,  just  as  if  in  the  water.  He  walks  on  water  without  sinking,  just  as  if  on  the  earth.  Cross-legged  he  floats  through  the  air,  just  like  a  winged  bird.  With  his  hand  he  touches  the  sun  and  moon,  these  so  mighty  ones,  so  powerful  ones.  Even  up  to  the  Brahma-world  he  has  mastery  over  his  body.
(2)  "With  the  divine  ear  (dibba-sota)  he  hears  sounds  both  heavenly  and  human,  far  and  near.
(3)  "He  knows  the  minds  of  other  beings  (parassa  ceto-pariya-n~a^na),  of  other  persons,  by  penetrating  them  with  his  own  mind.  He  knows  the  greedy  mind  as  greedy  and  the  not-greedy  one  as  not  greedy;  knows  the  hating  mind  as  hating  and  the  not-hating  one  as  not  hating;  knows  the  deluded  mind  as  deluded  and  the  not-deluded  one  as  not  deluded;  knows  the  shrunken  mind  and  the  distracted  one,  the  developed  mind  and  the  undeveloped  one,  the  surpassable  mind  and  the  unsurpassable  one,  the  concentrated  mind  and  the  unconcentrated  one,  the  freed  mind  and  the  unfreed  one.
(4)  "He  remembers  manifold  former  existences  (pubbe-niva^sa^nussati),  such  as  one  birth,  two,  three,  four  and  five  births  ....  hundred  thousand  births;  remembers  many  formations  and  dissolutions  of  worlds:  ”There  I  was,  such  name  I  had  ....  and  vanishing  from  there  I  entered  into  existence  somewhere  else  ....  and  vanishing  from  there  I  again  reappeared  here.”  Thus  he  remembers,  always  together  with  the  marks  and  peculiarities,  many  a  former  existence  .
(5)  ””With  the  divine  eye  (dibba-cakkhu  =  yatha^-kammúpaga-n~a^na  or  cutúpapa^ta-n~a^na),  the  pure  one,  he  sees  beings  vanishing  and  reappearing,  low  and  noble  ones,  beautiful  and  ugly  ones,  sees  how  beings  are  reappearing  according  to  their  deeds  (s.  karma):  ”These  beings,  indeed,  followed  evil  ways  in  bodily  actions,  words  and  thoughts,  insulted  the  noble  ones,  held  evil  views,  and  according  to  their  evil  views  they  acted.  At  the  dissolution  of  their  body,  after  death,  they  have  appeared  in  lower  worlds,  in  painful  states  of  existence,  in  the  world  of  suffering,  in  hell.  Those  other  beings,  however,  are  endowed  with  good  action  ....  have  appeared  in  happy  state  of  existence,  in  a  heavenly  world.
(6)  "Through  the  extinction  of  all  cankers  (a^savakkhaya)  even  in  this  very  life  he  enters  into  the  possession  of  deliverance  of  mind,  deliverance  through  wisdom,  after  having  himself  understood  and  realized  it.””
4-6  appear  frequently  under  the  name  of  the  ”threefold  (higher)  knowledge”  (te-vijja^,  q.v.).  They  are,  however,  not  a  necessary  condition  for  the  attainment  of  sainthood  (arahatta),  i.e.  of  the  sixth  abhin~n~a^.
Vis.M.  XI-XIII  gives  a  detailed  explanation  of  the  5  mundane  higher  powers,  together  with  the  method  of  attaining  them.
In  connection  with  the  4  kinds  of  progress  (s.  patipada^),  abhin~n~a^  means  the  ”comprehension”  achieved  on  attainment  of  the  paths  and  fruitions.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【663】abhisamaya

  ”truth-realization”,  ...
is  the  full  and  direct  grasp  of  the  Four  Noble  Truths  by  the  Stream-winner  (Sota^panna;  s.  ariya-puggala).
In  the  Com.  the  term  is  represented  by  ”penetration”  (pativedha,  q.v.).  Frequently  occurring  as  dhamma^bhisamaya,  ”realization  of  the  doctrine”
Cf.  S.  XIII  (Abhisamaya  Samyutta)  and  Pts.M.  (Abhisamaya  Katha^).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【664】absorption

  s.  jha^na.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【665】adhimokkha

  ”determination”,  decision,  resolve  ...
”determination”,  decision,  resolve:  
is  one  of  the  mental  concomitants  (cetasika)  and  belongs  to  the  group  of  mental  formations  (sankha^ra-kkhandha).
In  M.111,  it  is  mentioned  together  with  other  mental  concomitants.
See  Tab.  II,  III.

英漢對照詞典 【666】ADHITTHANA

adhitthana  ==  決定,決意,受持,依處,攝持

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