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utu catu hetu lust RUPA unit ASURA asura cause doubt kuppa rules STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA " beauty BHIKSU BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu course dha^tu dukkha favour groups grudge KARUNA kusala MUDITA purity RAHULA refuge sexual suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages vatthu virtue woeful a^ruppa AKUSALA akusala anusaya bhikkhu counter duggati HSU YUN HUA TOU karuna^ KUSHALA lahuta^ matured mudita^ muduta^ mundane neutral puggala pun~n~a rapture sammuti skilful sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vimutti acquired AKUSHALA anussati BHIKSUNI delusion dhutanga fruition HUI NENG impurity influxes kukkucca postures scruples sensuous sucarita suchness uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream visuddhi 空(sunya) beautiful behaviour boundless dhuta^nga duccarita dukkhata^ ENDURANCE faculties impulsion indulging lokuttara NAGARJUNA nutriment PURE LAND SARIPUTRA SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS suffering treasures upa^da^na upa^sika^ contiguity continuity cuti citta enthusiasm equanimity foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional impurities individual inducement ka^ma guna mutability obduracies productive punabbhava puthujjana repugnance sensuality SHAKYAMUNI successive SUDDHODANA unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra yuganaddha a^po dha^tu anupassana^ corruptions cutúpapa^ta destruction dissolution foundations human world infatuation karma round kusala múla LOTUS SUTRA mano dha^tu mindfulness pure abodes samuttha^na supernormal tejo dha^tu temperature unthinkable unwholesome uprightness accumulation bahula kamma ceto vimutti covetousness dibba cakkhu FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma hate natured karma result purification purisindriya RENUNCIATION santutthita^ subconscious suddha^va^sa supermundane tranquillity upa^da^ rúpa va^yo dha^tu vatthu ka^ma viveka sukha 佛教（Buddhism）藍毗尼(lumbini) 叁界(tridhatu) ahetuka citta akuppa dhamma anuloma citta ariya puggala BHAISAJYAGURU cakkhu dha^tu consciousness dhamma dha^tu FIVE BHIKSHUS FOUR FRUITION hadaya vatthu ka^mupa^da^na ka^ya lahuta^ pa^gun~n~ata^ RIGHT THOUGHT sammuti sacca silent buddha subha nimitta susa^nik’anga THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES unconditioned understanding upekkhindriya vipacitan~n~u 因明(Hetuvidya) a^ka^sa dha^tu ahetuka ditthi altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA anuloma n~a^na auditory organ Buddha sa^sana buddha^nussati citta visuddhi devata^nussati dhamma^nussati frivolous talk greedy natured habitual karma kusala vipa^ka marana^nussati niyata puggala pacceka buddha relative truth saddha^nusa^ri sahetuka citta samudaya sacca samvara suddhi samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured uccheda ditthi uggaha nimitta ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava upekkha^ sukha 佛身(buddhakaya) akusala vitakka appama^na subha deluded natured dhamma^nusa^ri^ ditth’upa^da^na ditthi visuddhi FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ mental function mental obduracy no upa^da^ rúpa pamsukúlik’anga pathavi^ dha^tu PRATYEKA-BUDDHA sceptical doubt SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma THREE DELUSIONS tranquilisation upasama^nussati vaya^nupassana^ 法界(dharmadhatu) 法印(dharmamudra) 極樂世界(sukhavati) 婆羅浮屠(Borobudur) anupubba nirodha anupubba viha^ra AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta^nupassana^ dukkha patipada^ EIGHT SUFFERINGS equality conceit faithful natured FOUR HOLY REALMS ka^ya^nupassana^ khaya^nupassana^ life infatuation monks’ community natural morality pan~n~a^ vimutti pun~n~a^ dha^ra^ round of rebirth sensuous craving sukkha vipassaka supportive karma THREE SUFFERINGS upapi^laka kamma upekkha^ vedana^ upekkhopavica^ra vikubbana^ iddhi 經量部(Sautrantike) 律經(Vinaya-sutra) 菩提伽耶(Buddhagaya) 釋迦牟尼　（Sakyamuni）四谛(catur-satyas) a^nupubbi^ katha^ anatta^nupassana^ anicca^nupassana^ cakkhu vin~n~a^na destructive karma dhamma^nupassana^ dukkha^nupassana^ eye consciousness FOUR FEARLESSNESS FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS FOURFOLD ASSEMBLY kusala kammapatha pa^risuddhi si^la pakati upanissaya paticcasamuppa^da pureja^ta paccaya rukkha mulik’anga sensuous clinging SINGALOVADA SUTRA SIX CONSCIOUSNESS sudassa sudassi^ suppressive karma upaca^ra sama^dhi upacchedaka kamma upagha^taka kamma vedana^nupassana^ youth infatuation 迦毗羅衛(Kapilavastu) 空海(Kukai 774~835）桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava corporeality group dha^tu vavattha^na domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge meritorious action nirodha^nupassana^ ONE BUDDHA VEHICLE ruminating natured sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA unconscious beings upa^da^na kkhandha upanissaya paccaya vippayutta paccaya vira^ga^nupassana^ WORLD HONOURED ONE 佛所行贊(Buddhacarita) 解脫道論(Vimuttimagga) 四大(caturmahabhuta) animitta^nupassana^ answering questions ANUPADISESA-NIBBANA BURNING LAMP BUDDHA counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS FOUR UNLIMITED MIND fruits of monk life gradual instruction intelligent natured lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka one group existence RIGHT UNDERSTANDING sattakkhattu parama spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ upatthambhaka kamma 大乘經(Mahayana sutra) 清淨道論(Visuddhimagga) akuppa^ ceto vimutti anurakkhana padha^na five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA manovinn~a^na dha^tu NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE paccavekkhana suddhi pubbeniva^sa^nussati pun~n~a^bhisankha^ra SA-UPADISESA-NIBBANA SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA ti hetu patisandhika UNCONDITIONED DHARMA VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ 龍樹(Nagarjuna 約2/3世紀) 源空(Genku 1133～1212) animitta ceto vimutti anupa^disesa nibba^na apun~n~a^bhisankha^ra bhojane mattan~n~uta^ deluded consciousness DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi nirutti patisambhida^ produced corporeality pun~n~a kiriya vatthu questions and answers sacca^nulomika n~a^na TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS ubhato bha^ga vimutta upekkha^ sambojjhanga 朝鮮佛教（Korean Buddhism）梵網經(Brahmajala-sutra) 覺音(Buddhaghosa 5世紀中葉) 世親(Vasubandhu 約4或5世紀) 印度佛教（Indian Buddhism） appama^na ceto vimutti catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa doctrine of the Buddha FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA kamma samuttha^na rúpa n~a^nadassana visuddhi prescribed moral rules sa upa^disesa nibba^na substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS unshakable deliverance upahacca parinibba^yi^ viparina^ma^nupassana^ 長阿含經(Dirghagama-sutra) 楞伽經(Lankavatara-sutra) 緣起(pratitya-samutpada) 中國佛教（Chinese Buddhism） bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na FOUR IMMEASURABLE MINDS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness sankha^rupekkha^ n~a^na 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 菩提流支(Bodhiruci 約5~6世紀間) 日本佛教(Japanese Buddhism) 四分律(Dharmagupta-vinaya) ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI bhanga^nupassana^ n~a^na clarity of consciousness ka^ma sukh’allika^nuyoga multiformity perceptions REALM OF SENSUOUS DESIRE uddhambha^giya samyojana upapajja vedani^ya kamma verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日經(Mahavairocana-sutra) 尼泊爾佛教（Nepalese Buddhism）無量壽經(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 雜阿含經(Samyuktagama-sutra) a^ji^va pa^risuddhi si^la adukkha m asukha^ vedana^ hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi nibbida^nupassana^ n~a^na pa^risuddhi padha^niyanga registering consciousness spontaneously born beings support decisive support VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) 求那跋陀羅(Gunabhadra 394~468) 增一阿含經(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含經（Madh yamagama-sutra） a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu functions of consciousness happy courses of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element THREEFOLD BODY OF A BUDDHA uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 越南佛教（Vietnamese Buddhism） a^di^nava^nupassana^ n~a^na balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS thought thought conception 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) 字井伯壽（Ui Hakuju 1882～1963） akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost udayabbaya^nupassana^ n~a^na 常樂我淨(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃經(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 佛陀跋陀羅(buddhabhadra 359~429) 觀無量壽經(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞嚴經(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 南條文雄（Nanjo Bunyu 1849～1927）瑜伽師地論(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 斯裏蘭卡佛教（Buddhism in Sri Lanka) 中國佛教美術（Buddhist　art　in　China） ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 維摩經(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 村上專精（Murakami Senjo 1851～1928）大般若經(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 鈴木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法蓮華經(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) 勝鬘經(Srimala-devi simhanada-sutra) 望月信亨（Mochizuki Shinko 1869～1948）仰光大金塔(Mahamuni Pagoda of Rangoon) a^ha^ra ja (or-samuttha^na) - rúpa magga^magga n~a^nadassana visuddhi NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 東南亞佛教（Buddhism in South East Asia）鸠摩羅什(Kumarajiva 344~413，一說350~409) 高楠順次郎（Takakusu Junjiro 1866～1945）解深密經(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 攝大乘論(Mahayana-samuparigraha-sastra) 中國佛學院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 歐美佛教（Buddhism in America and Europe） a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS 般若波羅蜜多心經（Prajna-paramita-hrdaya-sutra） FOUR WAYS (OF LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 雜阿毗昙心論(Samyuktabhidharma-hrdaya-sastra) TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金剛經(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 華嚴經(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 馬克斯·缪勒，F·（Friedrich Max Muller 1823～1900）中國佛教協會(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 大方等大集經(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) 阿彌陀經(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 馬拉拉塞克拉，G·P·（Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera 1899～1973）國際佛教研究協會(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起

南傳佛教英文辭典【55】bhikkhu

　　A　　fully　　ordained　　disciple　　of　　the　　Buddha　　is　　called　　a　　bhikkhu."Mendicant　　monk"　　may　　be　　suggested　　as　　the　　closest　　equivalent　　for　　"Bhikkhu",　　literally　　it　　means　　"he　　who　　begs"　　but　　bhikkhus　　do　　not　　beg.　　They　　silently　　stand　　at　　the　　door　　for　　alms.　　They　　live　　on　　what　　is　　spontaneously　　given　　by　　the　　supporters.　　He　　is　　not　　a　　priest　　as　　he　　is　　no　　mediator　　between　　God　　and　　man.　　He　　has　　no　　vows　　for　　life,　　but　　he　　is　　bound　　by　　his　　rules　　which　　he　　takes　　of　　his　　own　　accord.　　He　　leads　　a　　life　　of　　voluntary　　poverty　　and　　celibacy.　　If　　he　　is　　unable　　to　　live　　the　　Holy　　Life,　　he　　can　　discard　　the　　robe　　at　　any　　time.

南傳佛教英文辭典【56】counter

　　image　　(during　　concentration):　　s.　　nimitta,　　kasina,　　sama^dhi.

南傳佛教英文辭典【57】duggati

　　”woeful　　course”　　(of　　existence);　　s.　　gati.

英漢對照詞典【58】HSU YUN

Hsu　　Yun　　==　　虛雲

a　　great　　Ch”an　　master　　in　　China.　　He　　died　　in　　1959　　at　　the　　age　　of　　120.

英漢對照詞典【59】HUA TOU

Hua　　Tou　　==　　話頭

Intense　　concentration　　on　　a　　question-word　　which　　defies　　any　　answer　　and　　allows　　no　　answer　　at　　all.　　Literally,　　it　　refers　　to　　the　　source　　of　　word　　before　　it　　is　　uttered.　　It　　is　　a　　method　　used　　in　　Ch”an　　Sect　　to　　arouse　　the　　doubt.　　The　　practitioner　　meditates　　on　　questions　　as　　who　　is　　reciting　　the　　Buddha”s　　name?.　　He　　does　　not　　rely　　on　　experience　　or　　reasoning.　　Sometimes,　　it　　is　　also　　known　　as　　Kung-an.

南傳佛教英文辭典【60】karuna^

　　”compassion”,　　is　　one　　of　　the　　4　　sublime　　abodes　　(brahma-viha^ra,　　q.v.).

英漢對照詞典【61】KUSHALA

Kushala　　==　　善業

Sanskrit　　word.　　It　　means　　good　　Karma.

南傳佛教英文辭典【62】lahuta^

　　”lightness”,　　or　　”agility”,　　may　　be　　of　　3　　kinds:　　of　　corporeality　　(rúpassa　　lahuta^;　　s.　　khandha,　　I　　),　　of　　mental　　factors　　(ka^ya-lahuta^),　　and　　of　　consciousness　　(citta-lahuta^).　　Cf.　　Tab.　　II.

南傳佛教英文辭典【63】matured

　　one,　　the:　　gotrabhú　　(q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典【64】mudita^

　　”altruistic　　(or　　sympathetic)　　joy”,　　is　　one　　of　　the　　4　　sublime　　abodes　　(brahma-viha^ra,　　q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典【65】muduta^

　　(rúpa,　　ka^ya,　　citta):　　”elasticity”　　(of　　corporeality,　　mental　　factors,　　consciousness);　　s.　　khandha　　(I)　　and　　Tab.　　II.

南傳佛教英文辭典【66】muduta^

　　s.　　lahuta^.

南傳佛教英文辭典【67】mundane

　　lokiya　　(q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典【68】neutral

　　karmically:　　avya^kata　　(q.v.);　　n.　　feelings,　　s.　　vedana^.

南傳佛教英文辭典【69】puggala

　　”individual”,　　”person”,　　as　　well　　as　　the　　synonyms:　　personality,　　individuality,　　being　　(satta),　　self　　(atta^),　　etc.,　　in　　short　　all　　terms　　designating　　a　　personal　　entity,　　hence　　also:　　I,　　you,　　he,　　man,　　god,　　etc.,　　all　　these,　　according　　to　　Buddhism,　　are　　mere　　names　　for　　certain　　combinations　　of　　material　　and　　mental　　processes,　　and　　apart　　from　　them　　they　　have　　no　　real　　existence.　　They　　are　　to　　be　　considered　　as　　mere　　”conventional　　modes　　of　　expression”　　(voha^ra-vacana),　　and　　on　　that　　level　　they　　may　　be　　used,　　and　　are　　so　　used　　in　　the　　sutta　　texts,　　if　　taken　　"without　　misapprehending　　them"　　(s.　　quote　　from　　D.　　9　　under　　paramattha).　　With　　such　　tacit　　reservations,　　the　　term　　puggala　　occurs　　quite　　frequently　　in　　the　　suttas.
In　　the　　ultimate　　sense　　(paramattha,　　q.v.),　　however,　　there　　exist　　only　　ever-changing　　physical　　and　　mental　　phenomena,　　flashing　　up　　and　　dying　　every　　moment.　　-　　Kath.,　　in　　its　　first　　section,　　discusses　　the　　question　　whether　　"in　　the　　absolute　　sense,　　any　　personality　　(puggala)　　can　　be　　found"　　(s.　　Guide,　　pp.　　62ff).　　-　　See　　paramattha,　　anatta^.

南傳佛教英文辭典【70】pun~n~a

　　merit,　　meritorious,　　is　　a　　popular　　term　　for　　karmically　　wholesome　　(kusala)　　action.　　Opposite　　terms:　　apun~n~a,　　”demerit”;　　pa^pa,　　”bad”,　　”evil”,　　The　　value　　of　　meritorious　　action　　is　　often　　stressed,　　e.g.,　　in　　the　　Treasure　　Store　　Sutta　　(s.　　Khp.　　Tr.),　　Dhp　　18,　　118,　　122.　　-　　The　　Community　　of　　Holy　　Monks　　(ariya-sangha),　　the　　third　　Refuge　　(s.　　ti-sarana),　　is　　said　　to　　be　　"the　　incomparable　　field　　of　　merit　　in　　the　　world"　　(anuttaram　　pun~n~akkhettam　　lokassa);　　s.　　anussati　　3.　　The　　Arahats,　　however,　　having　　transcended　　all　　life-affirming　　and　　rebirth-producing　　actions,　　are　　said　　to　　be　　"beyond　　merit　　and　　demerit";　　see　　Sn.　　520,　　547,　　636,　　790.　　-　　See　　foll.　　3　　articles.

南傳佛教英文辭典【71】rapture

　　pi^ti　　(q.v.);　　further　　s.　　bojjhanga.

南傳佛教英文辭典【72】sammuti

　　s.　　sacca.

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