Six Places == 六根
Sanskrit word is Sadayatana. See Six Indriyas.
the ”Stream-winner”, is the lowest of the 8 noble disciples (s. ariya-puggala). Three kinds are to be distinguished: the one ”with 7 rebirths at the utmost” (sattakkhattu-parama), the one ”passing from one noble family to another” (kolankola), the one ”germinating only once more” (eka-bi^ji^). As it is said (e.g. Pug. 37-39; A. III, 87):
(1) "If a man, after the disappearance of the 3 fetters (personality-belief, skeptical doubt, attachment to rules and ritual; s. samyojana), has entered the stream (to Nibba^na), he is no more subject to rebirth in lower worlds, is firmly established, destined to full enlightenment. After having passed amongst the heavenly and human beings only seven times more through the round of rebirths, he puts an end to suffering. Such a man is called ”one with 7 births at the utmost” (sattakkhattu-parama).
(2) "If a man, after the disappearance of the 3 fetters.... is destined to full enlightenment, he, after having passed among noble families two or three times through the round of rebirths, puts an end to suffering. Such a man is called ”one passing from one noble family to another” (kolankola).
(3) "If a man, after the disappearance of the 3 fetters.... is destined to full enlightenment, he, after having only once more returned to human existence, puts an end to suffering. Such a man is called ”one germinating only once more” (eka-bi^ji^). See Sota^patti-Samyutta (S. LV).
”Stream-entry”; s. sota^panna; s. -magga, -phala, ”path and fruition of Stream-entry”; s. ariyapuggala.
(of morality etc.): s. ha^na-bha^giya-si^la. S. of existence: vivatta (q.v.).
macchariya (q.v.); cf. Tab. II.
births, karma ripening in: s. karma.
Suddhodana == 淨飯王
Pure Rice Prince, the father of Shakyamuni, ruled over the Sakyans at Kapilaratthu on the Nepalese border.
”the Thirty-thrce (Gods)”, a class of heavenly beings in the sensuous sphere; s. deva (I).
the ”Perfect One”, lit. the one who has ”thus gone”, or ”thus come”, is an epithet of the Buddha used by him when speaking of himself.
To the often asked questions, whether the Tatha^gata still exists after death, or not, it is said (e.g. S. XXII, 85, 86) that, in the highest sense (paramattha, q.v.) the Tatha^gata cannot, even at lifetime, be discovered, how much less after death, and that neither the 5 groups of existence (khandha, q.v.) are to be regarded as the Tatha^gata, nor can the Tatha^gata be found outside these corporeal and mental phenomena. The meaning intended here is that there exist only these ever-changing corporeal and mental phenomena, arising and vanishing from moment to moment, but no separate entity, no personality.
When the commentaries in this connection explain Tatha^gata by ”living being” (satta), they mean to say that here the questioners are using the merely conventional expression, Tatha^gata, in the sense of a really existing entity.
Cf. anatta^, paramattha, puggala, ji^va, satta.
A commentarial treatise on "The Meaning of the Word ”Tatha^gata”" is included in The All-Embracing Net of Views (Brahmaja^la Sutta), tr. Bhikkhu Bodhi (BPS).
Ten Powers == 十力
The Ten Powers of Buddha or Bodhisattva are the complete knowledge of
1.what is right or wrong in every condition
2.what is the karma of every being, past, present and future
3.all stages of dhyana liberation and samadhi
4.the powers and faculties of all beings
5.the desires or moral directions of every being
6.the actual condition of every individual
7.the direction and consequence of all laws
8.all causes of mortality and of good and evil in their reality
9.the end of all beings and Nirvana
10.the destruction of all illusion of every kind
anusaya (q.v.).
This term was already used by the Buddha himself in speaking of the doctrine of a^la^ra-Ka^la^ma (s. M. 26). As a name for the Buddha”s doctrine it belongs to the commentarial literature.
”Doctrine of the Elders”, is a name of the oldest form of the Buddha”s teachings, handed down to us in the Pa^li language. According to tradition, its name is derived from the fact of having been fixed by 500 holy Elders of the Order, soon after the death of the Master.
Therava^da is the only one of the old schools of Buddhism that has survived among those which Maha^ya^nists have called ”Hinaya^na”. It is sometimes called Southern Buddhism or Pa^li Buddhism. It is found today in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Chittagong (East Bengal. ) - Cf. Guide, p. 60. - (App.). thi^na middha: ”sloth and torpor”, constitute the 3rd of the 5 hindrances (ni^varana, q.v.). They may or may not, be associated with greedy consciousness (s. Tab. 23. 25, 27, 29 and II).
Two Deaths == 二死
Two Deaths refer to
1.share-sectioned birth and death
2.changed birth and death
unprompted: s. asankha^rika-citta.
one, the: akuppa-dhamma (q.v.).
”impurities”, corruptions, imperfections (a frequent rendering by ”defilements” is better reserved for kilesa, q.v.).
A list of 16 moral ”impurities of the mind” (cittassa upakkilesa) is mentioned and explained in M. 7 & 8 (WHEEI. 61/62): 1. covetousness and unrighteous greed (abhijjha^-visamalobha), 2. ill will (vya^pa^da), 3. anger (kodha), 4. hostility (upana^ha), 5. denigration (makkha), 6. domineering (pala^sa), 7. envy (issa^), 8. stinginess (macchariya), 9. hypocrisy (ma^ya^), 10. fraud (sa^theyya), 11. obstinacy (thambha), 12. presumption (sa^rambha), 13. conceit (ma^na), 14. arrogance (atima^na), 15. vanity (mada), 16. negligence (pama^da).
There are 3 groups of upakkilesa pertaining to meditation:
(a) 9 mental imperfections occurring in ”one devoted to higher mental training” (adhicitta); 3 coarse ones - evil conduct in deeds, words and thoughts; 3 medium - thoughts of sensual desire, ill will and cruelty; 3 subtle - thoughts about one”s relatives, one”s country and one”s reputation (A. III, 100).
(b) 18 imperfections in the practice of mindfulness of breathing (a^na^pa^na-sati, q.v.), mentioned in Pts.M., a^na^pa^na-katha^ (tr. in Mindfulness of Breathing, by n~a^namoli Thera (p. 60; BPS).
(c) 10 ”imperfections of insight” (-meditation, vipassanúpakkilesa); s. visuddhi V.
s. manopavica^ra.