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utu atta both catu gati hate hetu lust meat path peta sati talk ties tree unit agati amata ARHAT atta^ citta death doubt faith great ja^ti light merit METTA mirth pi^ti right satta sloth STUPA SUTRA vatta water " action ANATTA Arahat atappa beauty carita dha^tu ditthi eating EFFORT effort fixity forest gantha ghosts growth JATAKA khanti MANTRA MATTER matter method metta^ MUDITA object purity stains sugati taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita vatthu virati virtue agility anatta^ cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter created destiny devotee duggati emotion factors fetters HUA TOU insight ji^vita lahuta^ mastery matured mudita^ muduta^ neutral nimitta okkanti ottappa patched patigha perfect rapture reality rebirth samatha sammuti sassata sitting thought turning vimutti vipatti vitakka vivatta a^yatana adherent AMITABHA anussati atima^na ca^ritta cemetery cetasika departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fruition gotrabhú impurity interest kammanta KSATRIYA maintain MAITREYA MORALITY morality nibbatti not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice reaction sammatta sankhata santa^na serenity sucarita Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training ujukata^ uposatha upstream virility vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) acinteyya adhicitta akanittha anottappa asankhata attention avya^kata beautiful breathing cetokhila character CONDITION deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga duccarita dukkhata^ EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties formation immediate intention lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta nutriment obstacles pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha proximity ready wit SARIPUTRA SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS something ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA vinipa^ta aberration absorption ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates analytical antinomies appendants awakenment BODHISATTA Bodhisatta conception conditions contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment dibba sota ego entity elasticity enthusiasm equanimity EXTINCTION extinction femininity foundation functional generation impurities inducement intimation liberality liberation MAHASATTVA MEDITATION meditation mutability opapa^tika paramattha patisandhi pattida^na productive puthujjana reflection repetition RIGHT VIEW sama^patti sensuality si^labbata sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS vin~n~atti wrong path 无常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ANAPANASATI appicchata^ association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness EIGHT WINDS enlightened foundations immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative intoxicants itthindriya kamma patha kamma vatta LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object origination pa^timokkha paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections personality preparatory realization RECOGNITION rúpa^yatana sala^yatana samuttha^na san~cetana^ si^vathika^ tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable uprightness vavattha^na 结集(samgiti) 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dispensation dissociation fire element FOUR VIRTUES hate natured heat element hiri ottappa inclinations intoxicating ka^ma tanha^ kammattha^na karma result light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purification ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH santutthita^ SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry TEN PARAMITA THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM tranquillity TWELVE BASES twin miracle va^yo dha^tu vatthu ka^ma wind element 三界(tridhatu) 铁萨罗(Tissara) Abbreviations ahetuka citta anatta^ va^da anuloma citta attentiveness atthi paccaya birth process cakkhu dha^tu concentration CONTEMPLATION contemplation contentedness deathlessness determination dhamma dha^tu dhamma^yatana ditthi ppatta earth element ENLIGHTENMENT enlightenment FIVE PRECEPTS fixed destiny FOUR FRUITION hadaya vatthu imperfections investigating investigation ka^ya lahuta^ kamman~n~ata^ kammattha^na^ loathsomeness lohita kasina material food mental action nimma^na rati oda^ta kasina pa^gun~n~ata^ patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence RIGHT THOUGHT sammuti sacca satipattha^na silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta tanha^ kkhaya THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT tittha^yatana TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES unconditioned understanding verbal action vipacitan~n~u vivatta kappa water element weighty karma 阿旃陀石窟(Ajanta) 舍卫城(Sravasti) 因明(Hetuvidya) a^ka^sa dha^tu abhibha^yatana ahetuka ditthi akiriya ditthi altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta atta kilamatha auditory organ AVALOKITESVARA buddha^nussati citt’ekaggata^ citta santa^na citta visuddhi devata^nussati dhamma^nussati EIGHTFOLD PATH eightfold path frivolous talk greedy natured habitual karma kalya^na mitta katatta^ kamma marana^nussati natthi paccaya niyata puggala path condition relative truth sahetuka citta samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS uccheda ditthi uggaha nimitta ugghatitan~n~u upapatti bhava va^ritta si^la vibhava tanha^ vigata paccaya visible object 大圆满(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 三谛(tri-satyas) a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana characteristics citta sankha^ra deluded natured ditth’upa^da^na ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS eternity belief FOUR GREAT VOWS gotrabhú n~a^na gustatory organ indriya samatta mental function mental obduracy natthika ditthi nihilistic view olfactory organ pathavi^ dha^tu pathavi^ kasina PRATYEKA-BUDDHA sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika sankhitta citta sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma tadanga paha^na TAKING PRECEPTS tatha^gata bala THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vitakka vica^ra 百论(Sata-sastra) 大藏经(tri-pitaka) 法界(dharmadhatu) 极乐世界(sukhavati) adhipati paccaya anantara paccaya anatta^ san~n~a^ atthangika magga AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series dukkha patipada^ EIGHT SUFFERINGS equality conceit faithful natured immaterial world ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya vin~n~atti karma formations khandha santa^na life infatuation mano san~cetana^ mental formation monks’ community natural morality nava satta^va^sa neyyattha dhamma ni^tattha dhamma nissaya nissita pan~n~a^ vimutti pindapa^tik’anga reversible merit RIGHT LIVELIHOOD round of rebirth santi^rana citta streams of merit supportive karma te ci^varik’anga THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS tiraccha^na yoni vaci^ vin~n~atti votthapana citta wheel of the law 经量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律经(Vinaya-sutra) 三性(tri-svabhava) 四谛(catur-satyas) 吴哥古迹(Angkor Vat) a^nantarika kamma a^nupubbi^ katha^ ahirika anottappa anatta^nupassana^ animitta vimokkha ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS highest knowledge immaterial sphere ineffective karma kusala kammapatha mental advertence n~a^ta parin~n~a^ na^natta san~n~a^ NO STRIFE SAMADHI pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la parikamma nimitta paticcasamuppa^da patta pindik’anga pureja^ta paccaya RIGHT REMEMBRANCE sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava SINGALOVADA SUTRA tatramajjhattata^ TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upagha^taka kamma vin~n~a^na tthiti youth infatuation 迦毗罗卫(Kapilavastu) 三学(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika an~n~a^ta^vindriya asankha^rika citta atta va^dupa^da^na catu voka^ra bhava ceto pariya n~a^na corporeality group cycle of existence dha^tu vavattha^na hasituppa^da citta health infatuation karma accumulation maturity knowledge meritorious action nirodha sama^patti patibha^ga nimitta patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions regenerative karma ruminating natured samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES SPHERE OF NO-THING tada^rammana citta tatra majjhattata^ ti^rana parin~n~a^ tiraccha^na katha^ TWO FORMS OF DEATH vippayutta paccaya wheel of existence 佛所行赞(Buddhacarita) 解脱道论(Vimuttimagga) 四大(caturmahabhuta) 五种姓(panca-gotrani) alcohol prohibition anabhirati san~n~a^ analytical doctrine animitta^nupassana^ answering questions appanihita vimokkha attha patisambhida^ counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS FOUR UNLIMITED MIND fruits of monk life gradual instruction inferiority conceit intelligent natured lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka majjhima^ patipada^ one group existence RIGHT CONCENTRATION RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS upatthambhaka kamma yamaka pa^tiha^riya 阿底峡(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘经(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 约7世纪) 六足论(Satpada sastra) 说一切有部(Sarvastivada) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration adaptation knowledge akuppa^ ceto vimutti cemetery meditations cinta^ maya pan~n~a^ derived corporeality dhamma patisambhida^ dhamma tthiti n~a^na ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA manovinn~a^na dha^tu NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE niyata miccha^ditthi pa^rami^ pa^ramita^ paccha^ja^ta paccaya parami^ = pa^ramita^ pubbeniva^sa^nussati regenerating process samvejani^ya ttha^na SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika UNCONDITIONED DHARMA VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘论(Mahayana sastra) 小乘论(Hinayana sastra) 中道(madhyamapratipad) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana animitta ceto vimutti antara^ parinibba^yi^ bhojane mattan~n~uta^ corporeality and mind death proximate karma dependent origination DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi germinating once more mind and corporeality ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na produced corporeality pun~n~a kiriya vatthu questions and answers sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit ubhato bha^ga vimutta vi^thi = citta vi^thi vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana 梵网经(Brahmajala-sutra) 中论(Madhyamika-sastra) appama^na ceto vimutti bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa doctrine of the Buddha FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA ji^vita navaka kala^pa kamma samuttha^na rúpa resistance perceptions sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na 长阿含经(Dirghagama-sutra) 楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra) 缘起(pratitya-samutpada) bhayatupattha^na n~a^na catu dha^tu vavattha^na dasa (tatha^gata ) bala determining the reality FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成实论(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 法称(Dharmakirti 约6~7世纪) 佛性(buddhata, buddhatva) 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 四分律(Dharmagupta-vinaya) 月称(Candrakirti 约7世纪中叶) ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI attainment concentration clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ego idea, ego perception multiformity perceptions pa^na^tipa^ta^ veramani^ paccaya sannissita si^la patibha^na patisambhida^ reflecting contemplation verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日经(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂护(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 约590~647) 十诵律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 无量寿经(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 杂阿含经(Samyuktagama-sutra) hate rooted consciousness independently enlightened indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文学(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提会(Maha Bodhi Society) 增一阿含经(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含经(Madh yamagama-sutra) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION THREEFOLD BODY OF A BUDDHA uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 发智论(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍论(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教(Vietnamese Buddhism) balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS thought thought conception yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建筑(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika LAW OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT 常乐我净(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃经(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 观无量寿经(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞严经(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩萨戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]双提赞Khri-Sron-Lde-bTsan 瑜伽师地论(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) dittha dhamma vedani^ya kamma EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 中国佛教美术(Buddhist art in China) ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 维摩经(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties lahuta^ muduta^, kamman~n~ata^ pariyatti patipatti, pativedha SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 大般若经(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 铃木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法莲华经(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中国佛教音乐(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度论(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【865】ji^vita navaka kala^pa

  ninefold  vital  group;  s.  rúpa-kala^pa.

南传佛教英文辞典 【866】kamma samuttha^na rúpa

”corporeality  produced  through  karma”;  s.  samuttha^na.

南传佛教英文辞典 【867】resistance perceptions

  s.  patigha  (2a).

南传佛教英文辞典 【868】sensitive corporeality

  pasa^da-rúpa  (q.v.).

英汉对照词典 【869】SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS

Sixteen  Contemplations  ==  十六观经

see  Vipasyana  Sukhavativyha  Sutra.

南传佛教英文辞典 【870】substrata of existence

  upadhi  (q.v.).

英汉对照词典 【871】THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS

Three  Universal  Truths  ==  三法印(诸行无常,诸法无我,寂静涅槃)

Also  known  as  the  Three  Seals.  Three  Universal  Truths  are  the  basic  teaching  of  Buddha,  so  that  they  are  commonly  used  to  attest  Buddhism.
The  Three  Universal  Truths  are:  
1.All  phenomena  are  impermanent.
2.All  dharmas  are  non-self.
3.The  eternity  is  Nirvani  and  stillness.

南传佛教英文辞典 【872】yatha^kammúpaga n~a^na

”knowledge  of  rebirth  according  to  one”s  actions”;  s.  abhin~n~a^  (4).

中国百科全书 【873】长阿含经(Dirghagama-sutra)

  Chang”ahanjing

  原始佛教基本经典。北传佛教四部阿含之一。因所集各经篇幅较长,故名。后秦佛陀耶舍、竺佛念译。全经分四分四诵,22卷,共收30部经。此经梵本属法藏部,原本失传。近代曾在中亚发现梵本残片。历代别出异译之单品约24种、58卷左右。各经出自何派传本,已无可稽考。

  北传汉译《长阿含经》与南传《长部经典》大体相应。《长部经典》共收34种经。其中有四经汉译全缺;而《三十二相经》、《念处经》汉译收在《中阿含经》中;但南传《长部经典》没有《增一经》、《三聚经》和《世纪经》三经。一般认为,北传倾向于把内容相近的经文排在一起,而南传的排列则更多地保留了经文形成先后的原来面貌。

  主要内容可分4部分:①总结和解释佛教的基本教理。概括教义的经有《十上经》、《增一经》和《三聚经》等。这些经将教义分门别类,按数字顺序排列。以简单列举为特点,所述教义主要有四谛、八正道、四禅、五蕴、缘起、十二因缘、无常、无我、因果报应、生死轮回等。另外,着重解释教义的经文有《大缘方便经》,广释十二因缘之深义;《世纪经》,详释“此世、他世”,“六道”、“三界”三种轮回系列。与此类似的还有《清净经》、《自欢喜经》等;②叙述佛陀及其直传弟子们的修道和传教活动。《游行经》记述佛陀悟道、传教和涅槃的经过。《善生经》记述佛陀在传教过程中为长者子善生宣讲持家处世、敬事父母等六事,从该经可以看出,佛陀作为宗教导师并不脱离现实,但已具有超人的形象;③叙说佛陀本生与历劫等故事,旨在弘扬佛教,劝诫人们皈依三宝。这些叙说主要见于《大本缘经》、《转轮圣王修行经》和《典尊经》等;④驳斥外道(异教)。首先是驳斥婆罗门教的种姓制度、祭祀仪式和梵天至上论,见于《小缘经》、《阿摩昼经》和《究罗檀头经》等;其次是对印度古代唯物主义派别——顺世论的批驳,例如《弊宿经》专斥其“无他世”,无业报轮回等观点;再次是对耆那教等苦行灭业论的批驳,以示苦行非正道,主要见于《阿(  )  
  夷经》、《清净经》和《散陀那经》等。此外,对其他外道的批驳散见于各经。在驳斥外道的同时,综述了当时各种宗教哲学派别的62种观点。列举了当时有代表性的、影响较大的派别,如“六师外道”。这些内容主要见于《梵动经》、《沙门果经》和《布吒婆楼经》等。(任杰  魏道儒)

中国百科全书 【874】楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra)

  Lengqiejing

  佛教经典。全名《楞伽阿跋多罗宝经》或《入楞伽经》。lanka  是斯里兰卡岛的古名,Vatara  意为“入”或“表露”。意为释迦佛在斯里兰卡地方所说的经。梵文原本系印度笈多王朝时期出现的中期大乘佛典之一,与《解深密经》同为论述唯识思想的重要经典。此经一般认为在无著以后所成立。它与偏重于信仰并具有浓重的文学色彩的初期大乘经典不同,偏重于理论的研究和哲学的说明。《楞迦经》出现后,很快就传入了中国,最早的译本是南朝宋元嘉二十年(443)求那跋陀罗的译本(即《楞伽阿跋多罗宝经》4卷)。以后还有北魏菩提流支的译本《入楞伽经》10卷,实叉难陀的译本《大乘入楞伽经》7卷。此外,还有藏译本和日本南条文雄校刊的梵本。藏译本与梵本最接近。在汉译各本中,实叉难陀的译本与梵本比较接近。求那跋陀罗的译本最能表现此经的原始形态,流行也最广。

  此经除序文说明其产生的原由,宣说离言自性的法门外,其主要内容有:①阐述“三界唯心”的学说。认为一切诸法都系“自心所见”,“自心所现”,是“自内证”;②说明真妄的因缘;③辨明邪正的因果,说明去妄归真的旨意及五法(名、相、唐妄想、正智、如如)、三性、八识、二无我(法无我、人无我)的道理。认为八识是阿赖耶识大海生起的波浪,阿赖邪识是“原因”和“根本识”,它是无始以来的本体。阿赖耶识也就是“如来藏”;④明法身之常住,以示生死、涅槃之平等;⑤示藏心自性,以明真妄、生灭、平等之相;⑥广说六度,指出自性之妙行;⑦广决众疑;⑧指出性戒,以彰生佛平等之理。全经以离名绝相的第一义心为宗,以妄想无性为旨趣,以五法、三自性、八识、二无我为教相,以自觉圣智为体,以斥小辨邪为用,为大乘瑜伽行派的学说奠定理论基础。经中还提到如来的异名有梵、毗湿努、自在天、因陀罗等,但给予不同内容的解释,可见其受到印度教的影响。

  《楞伽经》对中国佛教影响颇大。据说菩提达摩曾以此经授慧可,并云:“我观汉地,唯有此经,仁者依行,自得度世。”但慧可却对此经“专附言理”,进行了自由阐发。慧可门徒更持此经,游行村落,不入都邑,行头陀行。他们主张“专唯念慧,不在话言”,实行以“忘言、忘念、无得正观”为宗旨的禅法,逐渐形成独立的一种派别,被称楞伽师,并成为以后禅宗的先驱者。

  注疏主要的有唐法藏《入楞伽经心玄义》1卷,智俨《楞伽经注》(仅存卷二卷五残本);宋善月《楞伽经通义》6卷,正受《楞伽经集注》4卷,宝臣《大乘入楞伽经注》10卷,杨彦国《楞伽经纂》4卷;明德清《观楞伽经记》8卷及《楞伽补遗》1卷,智旭《楞伽经玄义》1卷及《楞伽经义疏》9卷,通润《楞伽经合辙》8卷,宗泐与如玘《楞伽经注解》8卷,广莫《楞伽经参订疏》8卷,曾凤仪《楞伽经宗通》8卷,焦竑《楞伽经精解评林》1卷等。日本有光谦的《楞伽经讲翼》和养存的《楞伽经论疏折衰》等。(高振农)

中国百科全书 【875】缘起(pratitya-samutpada)

  yuanqi

  佛教教义。亦名缘生。“因缘生起”的略称。缘,意为关系或条件,所谓缘起即诸法由缘而起;宇宙间一切事物和现象的生起变化,都有相对的互存关系或条件。佛教常用“此有则彼有,此生则彼生,此无则彼无,此灭则彼灭”来说明缘起的理论。缘起说是原始佛教针对当时各种宗教哲学主张宇宙是从“大梵天造”、“大自在天造”,或从“自性生”、“宿因生”、“偶然因生”、“生类因说”等理论而提出,用以解释世界、社会、人生和各种精神现象产生的根源。最早的缘起说是“业感缘起”即十二因缘说,主要用以解释人生痛苦的原因,但后来各派对缘起的认识和解释各有不同。中观派和三论宗主张“性空缘起”,认为只有一切事物的本性体空,才能生起一切事物。《中论》称:“因缘所生法,我说即是空。”瑜伽行派和法相宗主张“阿赖耶缘起”,以“三界唯心”、“唯识无境”来说明世界的本原。《大乘起信论》作“真如缘起”,《胜鬘经》等作“如来藏缘起”,均以佛心、法净心为世界的根源。华严宗把各家关于缘起的学说,用判教形式概括为四种:1、业感缘起。由烦恼恶业招苦果,因果相续,六道展转,生死轮回,为小乘之缘起观;2、阿赖耶缘起。由阿赖耶识之种子起现行,现行又熏种子,以现行诸法为缘,生烦恼恶业而招感苦果,三世因果辗转相续,为大乘始教之缘起观;3、如来藏缘起。又名真如缘起。如真或如来藏为染净之缘所驱,生种种事物,其染分现六道生死轮回,其净分现四种圣人,为大乘终教之缘起观;4、法界缘起。法界通常指真如、实相等,即真如法性之本体为一法界。又为一切法缘一切法成一大缘起,以一法成一切法,一切法生一法,一与多、心与境等圆融无碍,为圆教之缘起观。(任杰)

南传佛教英文辞典 【876】bhayatupattha^na n~a^na

”knowledge  consisting  in  the  awareness  of  terror”,  is  one  of  those  kinds  of  insight-knowledge  that  form  the  ”purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress”  (s.  visuddhi,  VI.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【877】catu dha^tu vavattha^na

”analysis  of  the  four  elements”;  s.  dha^tu-vavattha^na.

南传佛教英文辞典 【878】dasa (tatha^gata ) bala

”the  ten  powers  (of  a  Perfect  One);  or,  he  who  Possesses  the  10  P.”,  i.e.  the  Buddha.  About  him  it  is  said  (e.g.,  M.  12.;  A.  X,  21):
There,  o  monks,  the  Perfect  One  understands  according  to  reality  the  possible  as  possible,  and  the  impossible  as  impossible  ...  the  result  of  past,  present  and  future  actions  ...  the  path  leading  to  the  welfare  of  all  ...  the  world  with  its  many  different  elements  ...  the  different  inclinations  in  beings  ...  the  lower  and  higher  faculties  in  beings  ...  the  defilement,  purity  and  rising  with  regard  to  the  absorptions,  deliverances,  concentration  and  attainments  ...  remembering  many  former  rebirths  ...  perceiving  with  the  divine  eye  how  beings  vanish  and  reappear  again  according  to  their  actions  (karma)  ...  gaining,  through  extinction  of  all  taints,  possession  of  ”deliverance  of  mind”  and  ”deliverance  through  wisdom”...."

南传佛教英文辞典 【879】determining the reality

  s.  vavattha^na.

英汉对照词典 【880】FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS

Five  Basic  Afflications  ==  五根本烦恼

The  five  fundamental  conditions  of  the  passions  and  delusions:  
1.wrong  view,  which  are  common  to  the  Trailokya  
2.clinging  or  attachment  in  the  Desire  Realm  
3.clinging  or  attachment  in  the  Form  Realm  
4.clinging  or  attachment  in  the  Formless  Realm  
5.the  state  of  unenlightenment  or  ignorance  in  Trailokya,  which  is  the  root-cause  of  all  distressful  delusion.

南传佛教英文辞典 【881】muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na

”knowledge  consisting  in  the  desire  for  deliverance”;  s.  visuddhi  (VI.  6).

英汉对照词典 【882】NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE

Nirvana  without  residue  ==  无余涅槃

Both  the  cause  and  effect  of  reincarnation  are  extinguished,  both  afflictions  and  what  is  known  (Dharma)  are  extinguished.  All  kinds  of  suffering  are  externally  in  stillness.  There  is  no  further  residue.  Those  beings  are  Bodhisattva.

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