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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 业(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 识(Vijnana) 无常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 结集(samgiti) 轮回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 无我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
南传佛教英文辞典 【145】noble

  usages,  the  4:  ariya-vamsa  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【146】phala

  lit.”fruit”.  -  1.  result,  effect  (often  together  with  hetu,  cause  );  2.  benefit  (e.g.  in  Sa^man~n~a-phala  Sutta,  ”The  Results,  or  Benefits,  of  Recluseship”;  D.  2).
As  ”path-result”,  or  ”fruition”,  it  donotes  those  moments  of  supermundane  consciousness  which  flash  forth  immediately  after  the  moment  of  path-consciousness  (s.  ariya-puggala)  and  which,  till  the  attainment  of  the  next  higher  path,  may  during  the  practice  of  insight  (vipassana^,  q.v.)  still  recur  innumerable  times.  If  thus  repeated,  they  are  called  the  ”attainment  of  fruition  (phalasama^patti),  which  is  explained  in  detail  in  Vis.M.  XXIII.

南传佛教英文辞典 【147】pi^ti

  rapture,  enthusiasm  (rendered  also  by  joy,  happiness);  interest  it  is  one  of  the  mental  factors  or  concomitants  (cetasika)  and  belongs  to  the  group  of  mental  formations  (sankha^ra-kkhandha).  As,  in  sutta  texts,  it  is  often  linked  in  a  compound  word.  with  ”gladness”  (pa^mojja)  or  ”happiness”  (sukha),  some  Western  translations  have  wrongly  taken  it  as  a  synonym  of  these  two  terms.  Pi^ti,  however,  is  not  a  feeling  or  a  sensation,  and  hence  does  not  belong  to  the  feeling-group  (vedana^-kkhandha),  but  may  be  described  psychologically  as  ”joyful  interest”.  As  such  it  may  be  associated  with  wholesome  as  well  as  with  unwholesome  and  neutral  states  of  consciousness.
A  high  degree  of  rapture  is  characteristic  of  certain  stages  in  meditative  concentration,  in  insight  practice  (vipassana^)  as  well  as  in  the  first  two  absorptions  (jha^na,  q.v.).  In  the  latter  it  appears  as  one  of  the  factors  of  absorption  (jha^nanga;  s.  jha^na)  and  is  strongest  in  the  2nd  absorption.  Five  degrees  of  intensity  in  meditative  rapture  are  described  in  Vis.M.  IV.  94ff.  It  is  one  of  the  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【148】ra^ga

  ”lust”,  ”greed”,  is  a  synonym  of  lobha  (s.  múla),  tanha^  (q.v.)  and  abhijjha^  (s.  kammapatha).  For  ka^ma-,  rúpa-,  arúpa-ra^ga,  s.  samyojana.

英汉对照词典 【149】RAKSA

Raksa  ==  罗刹

living  in  the  Ghost  Path.  Like  Yaksa,  they  are  evil  and  violent,  but  inferior  to  Yaksa.

南传佛教英文辞典 【150】right

  understanding  (or  r.  view),  r.  thought,  etc.:  s.  magga.

南传佛教英文辞典 【151】rules

  and  ritual,  clinging  to  mere:  (s.  samyojana,  upa^da^na).

南传佛教英文辞典 【152】sacca

  ”Truth”.  -  1.  On  the  ”two  truths”,  conventional  and  ultimale,  see  paramattha.
2.”The  Four  Noble  Truths”  (ariya-sacca)  are  the  briefest  synthesis  of  the  entire  teachings  of  Buddhism,  since  all  those  manifold  doctrines  of  the  threefold  canon  are,  without  any  exception,  included  therein.  They  are:  the  truth  of  suffering,  of  the  origin  of  suffering,  of  the  extinction  of  suffering,  and  of  the  Eightfold  Path  leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering.
I.  The  1st  truth,  briefly  stated,  teaches  that  all  forms  of  existence  whatsoever  are  unsatisfactory  and  subject  to  suffering  (dukkha).
II.  The  2nd  truth  teaches  that  all  suffering,  and  all  rebirth,  is  produced  by  craving  (tanha^).
III.  The  3rd  truth  teaches  that  extinction  of  craving  necessarily  results  in  extinction  (nirodha)  of  rebirth  and  suffering,  i.e.  nibba^na  (q.v.).
IV.  The  4th  truth  of  the  Eightfold  Path  (magga)  indicates  the  means  by  which  this  extinction  is  attained.
The  stereotype  text  frequently  recurring  in  the  Sutta  Pitaka,  runs  as  follows:
I."But  what,  o  monks,  is  the  noble  truth  of  suffering?  Birth  is  suffering,  decay  is  suffering,  death  is  suffering;  sorrow,  lamentation,  pain,  grief  and  despair  are  suffering;  in  short,  the  5  groups  of  existence  connected  with  clinging  are  suffering  (cf.  dukkha,  dukkhata).
II.””But  what,  o  monks,  is  the  noble  truth  of  the  origin  of  suffering?  It  is  that  craving  which  gives  rise  to  fresh  rebirth  and,  bound  up  with  lust  and  greed,  now  here,  now  there,  finds  ever  fresh  delight.  It  is  the  sensual  craving  (ka^ma-tanha^),  the  craving  for  existence  (bhava-tanha^),  the  craving  for  non-existence  or  self-annihilation  (vibhava-tanha^).
III."But  what,  o  monks,  is  the  noble  truth  of  the  extinction  of  suffering?  It  is  the  complete  fading  away  and  extinction  of  this  craving,  its  forsaking  and  giving  up,  liberation  and  detachment  from  it.
IV."But  what,  o  monks,  is  the  noble  truth  of  the  path  leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering?  It  is  the  Noble  Eightfold  Path  (ariya-atthangika-magga)  that  leads  to  the  extinction  of  suffering,  namely:

1.  Right  view  (samma^-ditthi)2.  Right  thought  (samma^-sankappa) III.  Wisdom  (pan~n~a^)
3.  Right  speech  (samma^-va^ca^)4.  Right  action  (samma^-kammanta)5.  Right  livelihood  (sammd-djiva)   I.  Morality  (si^la)
6.  Right  effort  (samma^-va^ya^ma)7.  Right  mindfulness  (samma^-sati)8.  Right  concentration  (samma^-sama^dhi)   II.  Concentration  (sama^dhi)


1."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  view  (or  right  understanding)?  It  is  the  understanding  of  suffering,  of  the  origin  of  suffering,  of  the  extinction  of  suffering,  and  of  the  path  leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering.
2."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  thought?  It  is  a  mind  free  from  sensual  lust,  ill-will  and  cruelty.
3."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  speech?  Abstaining  from  lying,  tale-bearing,  harsh  words,  and  foolish  babble  (cf.  tiraccha^nakatha^).
4."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  action?  Abstaining  from  injuring  living  beings,  from  stealing  and  from  unlawful  sexual  intercourse  (s.  ka^mesu  miccha^ca^ra).
5."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  livelihood?  If  the  noble  disciple  rejects  a  wrong  living,  and  gains  his  living  by  means  of  right  livelihood  (s.  magga,  5).
6."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  effort?  If  the  disciple  rouses  his  will  to  avoid  the  arising  of  evil,  demeritorious  things  that  have  not  yet  arisen;...  if  he  rouses  his  will  to  overcome  the  evil,  demeritorious  things  that  have  already  arisen;...  if  he  rouses  his  will  to  produce  meritorious  things  that  have  not  yet  arisen;...  if  he  rouses  his  will  to  maintain  the  meritorious  things  that  have  already  arisen  and  not  to  let  them  disappear,  but  to  bring  them  to  growth,  to  maturity  and  to  the  full  perfection  of  development;  he  thus  makes  effort,  stirs  up  his  energy,  exerts  his  mind  and  strives  (s.  padha^na).
7."What  now,  o  monks  is  right  mindfulness?  If  the  disciple  dwells  in  contemplation  of  corporeality  ...  of  feeling  ...  of  mind  ...  of  the  mind-objects,  ardent,  clearly  conscious,  and  mindful  after  putting  away  worldly  greed  and  grief  (s.  satipattha^na).
8."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  concentration?  If  the  disciple  is  detached  from  sensual  objects,  detached  from  unwholesome  things,  and  enters  into  the  first  absorption  ...  the  second  absorption  ...  the  third  absorption  ...  the  fourth  absorption"  (s.  jha^na).
In  the  Buddha”s  first  sermon,  the  Dhammacakkappavattana  Sutta,  it  is  said  that  the  first  truth  (suffering)  is  to  be  fully  understood;  the  second  truth  (craving)  to  be  abandoned;  the  third  truth  (Nibba^na)  to  be  realized;  the  fourth  truth  (the  path)  to  be  cultivated.
"The  truth  of  suffering  is  to  be  compared  with  a  disease,  the  truth  of  the  origin  of  suffering  with  the  cause  of  the  disease,  the  truth  of  extinction  of  suffering  with  the  cure  of  the  disease,  the  truth  of  the  path  with  the  medicine"  (Vis.M.  XVI).
In  the  ultimate  sense,  all  these  4  truths  are  to  be  considered  as  empty  of  a  self,  since  there  is  no  feeling  agent,  no  doer,  no  liberated  one.  no  one  who  follows  along  the  path.  Therefore  it  is  said:
”Mere  suffering  exists,  no  sufferer  is  found.
The  deed  is,  but  no  doer  of  the  deed  is  there.
Nibba^na  is,  but  not  the  man  that  enters  it.
The  path  is,  but  no  traveller  on  it  is  seen.

”The  first  truth  and  the  second  truth  are  empty
Of  permanency,  joy,  of  self  and  beauty;
The  Deathless  Realm  is  empty  of  an  ego,
And  free  from  permanency,  joy  and  self,  the  path.”
(Vis.M.  XVI)

It  must  be  pointed  out  that  the  first  truth  does  not  merely  refer  to  actual  suffering,  i.e.  to  suffering  as  feeling,  but  that  it  shows  that,  in  consequence  of  the  universal  law  of  impermanency,  all  the  phenomena  of  existence  whatsoever,  even  the  sublimest  states  of  existence,  are  subject  to  change  and  dissolution,  and  hence  are  miserable  and  unsatisfactory;  and  that  thus,  without  exception,  they  all  contain  in  themselves  the  germ  of  suffering.  Cf.  Guide,  p.  101f.
Regarding  the  true  nature  of  the  path,  s.  magga.
Literature:  Dhammacakkappavattana  Sutta  (in  WHEEL  17  and  BODHI  LEAVES);  M.  141;  Sacca-Samyutta  (S.  LVI);  Sacca  Vibhanga;  W.  of  B.;  Vis.M.  XVI:  The  Four  Noble  Truths  by  Francis  Story  (WHEEL  34/35);  The  Significance  of  the  4  Noble  Truths  by  V.  F.  Gunaratna  (WHEEL  123).

南传佛教英文辞典 【153】sagga

  ”heaven”;  s.  deva  (heavenly  heings).

南传佛教英文辞典 【154】sakka

  the  ”King  of  Gods”  (deva^nam-inda),  is  the  lord  over  the  celestial  beings  in  the  heaven  of  the  Thirty-Three”  (ta^vatimsa,  s.  deva).

南传佛教英文辞典 【155】satta

  ”living  being”.  This  term,  just  like  atta^,  puggala,  ji^va,  and  all  the  other  terms  denoting  ”ego-entity”,  is  to  be  considered  as  a  merely  conventional  term  (voha^ra-vacana),  not  possessing  any  reality-value.  For  the  impersonality  of  all  existence.  s.  anatta^,  paramattha,  puggala,  ji^va,  satta,  paticcasamuppa^da.

南传佛教英文辞典 【156】sekha

  a  ”noble  learner”,  a  disciple  in  higher  training,  i.e.  one  who  pursues  the  3  kinds  of  training  (sikkha^,  q.v.),  is  one  of  those  7  kinds  of  noble  disciples  who  have  reached  one  of  the  4  supermundane  paths  or  the  3  lower  fruitions  (s.  ariya-puggala),  while  the  one  possessed  of  the  4th  fruition,  or  Arahatta-phala,  is  called  ”one  beyond  training”  (asekha,  lit.”no  more  learner”).  The  worldling  (puthujjana,  q.v.)  is  called  ”neither  a  noble  learner,  nor  perfected  in  learning”  (n”eva-sekha-na^sekha).  Cf.  Pug.  23-25.

南传佛教英文辞典 【157】sense

  stimuli,  corporeality  responding  to:  s.  a^yatana.

南传佛教英文辞典 【158】sense

  organs  and  objects:  s.  a^yatana,  dha^tu.

南传佛教英文辞典 【159】shame

  hiri  (q.v.).

南传佛教英文辞典 【160】si^la

  ”morality”,  ”virtue”,  is  a  mode  of  mind  and  volition  (cetana,  q.v.)  manifested  in  speech  or  bodily  action  (s.  karma).  It  is  the  foundation  of  the  whole  Buddhist  practice,  and  therewith  the  first  of  the  3  kinds  of  training  (sikkha^,  q.v.)  that  form  the  3-fold  division  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga),  i.e.  morality,  concentration  and  wisdom.
Buddhist  morality  is  not,  as  it  may  appear  from  the  negative  formulations  in  the  Sutta-texts,  something  negative.  And  it  does  not  consist  in  the  mere  not  committing  of  evil  actions,  but  is  in  each  instance  the  clearly  conscious  and  intentional  restraint  from  the  bad  actions  in  question  and  corresponds  to  the  simultaneously  arising  volition.
Morality  of  the  8-fold  Path,  namely,  right  speech,  right  action  and  right  livelihood,  is  called  ”genuine  or  natural  morality”  pakatisi^la),  as  distinguished  from  the  external  rules  for  monks  or  laymen,  the  so-called  ”prescribed  morality”  (pan~n~atti-si^la,  q.v.),  which,  as  such,  is  karmically  neutral.
"What  now  is  karmically  wholesome  morality  (kusala-si^la)?  It  is  the  wholesome  bodily  action  (ka^ya-kamma,  s.  karma),  wholesome  verbal  action  (vaci^-kamma,  s.  karma),  and  also  the  purity  with  regard  to  livelihood  which  I  call  morality"  (M.  78).  Cf.  magga,  3-5.
For  the  5,  8  and  10  rules,  s.  sikkha^pada.  Further  cf.  ca^ritta-  and  va^ritta-si^la.
The  4  kinds  of  morality  consisting  of  purification  (catupa^risuddhi-si^la)  are:  (1)  restraint  with  regard  to  the  monks”  Disciplinary  Code,  (2)  restraint  of  the  senses,  (3)  purification  of  livelihood,  (4)  morality  with  regard  to  the  4  requisites  (of  the  monk)  .
(1)  Restraint  with  regard  to  the  Disciplinary  Code  (pa^timokkha-samvara-si^la)."Here  the  monk  is  restrained  in  accordance  with  the  monks”  Disciplinary  Code,  is  perfect  in  conduct  and  behaviour,  and  perceiving  danger  even  in  the  least  offences,  he  trains  himself  in  the  rules  he  has  taken  upon  him"  (A  .  V,  87,109  ,114,  etc.  )  .
(2)  Restraint  of  the  senses  (indriya-samvara-si^la)."Whenever  the  monk  perceives  a  form  with  the  eye,  a  sound  with  the  ear,  an  odour  with  the  nose,  a  taste  with  the  tongue,  an  impression  with  the  body,  an  object  with  the  mind,  he  neither  adheres  to  the  appearance  as  a  whole,  nor  to  its  parts.  And  he  strives  to  ward  off  that  through  which  evil  and  unwholesome  things,  greed  and  sorrow,  would  arise,  if  he  remained  with  unguarded  senses;  and  he  watches  over  his  senses,  restrains  his  senses"  (M  38).
(3)  Purification  of  livelihood  (a^ji^va-pa^risuddhi-si^la).  It  consists  therein  that  the  monk  does  not  acquire  his  livelihood  in  a  way  unbefitting  to  a  monk.
(4)  Morality  with  regard  to  the  4  rcquisites  (paccaya-sannissita-si^la).  It  consists  therein  that  the  monk  is  guided  by  the  right  mental  attitude  when  making  use  of  the  4  requisites:  robes,  almsfood,  dwelling  and  medicine."Wisely  reflecting  he  makes  use  of  his  robes  ...  merely  to  protect  himself  against  cold  and  heat,  etc.  Wisely  reflecting  he  makes  use  of  his  almsfood...  merely  as  a  prop  and  support  to  this  body....  Wisely  reflecting  he  makes  use  of  his  dwelling...  merely  to  keep  off  the  dangers  of  weather  and  to  enjoy  solitude....  Wisely  rerlecting  he  makes  use  of  the  necessary  medicines,  merely  to  suppress  feelings  of  sickness  that  arise,  and  to  reach  perfect  freedom  from  suffering"  (cf.  M.  2).
About  these  4  kinds  of  morality,  Vis.M.  I  gives  a  detailed  exposition.

南传佛教英文辞典 【161】si^la

  paccayasannissita-,  pacca^vekkhana-si^la:,  etc.,  are  terms  used  in  the  Com.  for  the  proper  contemplation  (patisankha^  yoniso)  of  the  4  requisites  of  a  monk,  often  dealt  with  in  the  old  texts  (e.g.  M.  2).  Also  the  3  other  pa^risuddhi-si^la,  as  pa^timokkhasamvara-,  indriya-,  and  a^ji^vapa^risuddhi-si^la,  though  under  these  names  perhaps  only  known  in  the  Com.,  are  fully  dealt  with  in  the  old  texts,  e.g.  M.53,  D.2,  M.2,  etc.  The  terms  pannatti-  and  pan~n~atti-si^la  are  used  only  in  the  Com.

南传佛教英文辞典 【162】sloth

  middha,  s.  ni^varana.

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