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sel sex alms dosa ends gems lust rise sati ties adosa ASURA asura bases bonds cause chaos doors issa^ RAKSA rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA vasi^ YAKSA yokes a^sava abodes access asekha beings BHIKSU biases course elders escape floods forest ghosts gnosis groups jewels kasina kilesa kusala misery phassa planes powers samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints truths tusita usages VAISYA WISDOM wisdom a^ka^sa absence ahimsa^ AKUSALA akusala anusaya arising cankers desana^ destiny disease factors fetters HSU YUN insight KUSHALA mastery message nissaya obha^sa remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a 戒(sila) AKUSHALA anussati aversion BHIKSUNI bondages cetasika delusion elements extremes fatalism gladness grasping influxes interest KSATRIYA not self opposite postures progress sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness upa^saka uposatha upstream vimamsa^ visuddhi 谛(satya) 空(sunya) asankhata avihimsa^ boundless cosmogony domanassa dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties FIVE EYES happiness impulsion lightness mind base obstacles SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti sarana treasures upa^sika^ vanishing YASODHARA a^bhassara abhisamaya absorption aggregates ALMSGIVING antinomies appendants asmi ma^na bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conditions dibba sota elasticity enthusiasm expression few wishes FOUR SEALS hindrances impression impurities ka^ma^sava low speech MAHASATTVA messengers obduracies para^ma^sa patisandhi repression sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa TEN POWERS tendencies TWO DEATHS unshakable upakkilesa vesa^rajja vipalla^sa vipassana^ 不害(ahimsa) abstentions ahosi kamma alms giving ANAPANASATI anupassana^ ariya sacca ariya vamsa association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life co nascence corruptions defilements destruction dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS foundations inseparable intoxicants khi^na^sava kusala múla LOTUS SUTRA manasika^ra mindfulness NINE REALMS perfections personality perversions pure abodes sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo kasina THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS unwholesome uprightness wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) a^savakkhaya body witness covetousness dispensation dissociation dry visioned FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES harmlessness homelessness inclinations ka^ya sakkhi karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes pakati si^la pan~ca si^la pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purisindriya radiant gods recollectons restlessness RIGHT SPEECH sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry subconscious suddha^va^sa supermundane THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM TWELVE BASES viveka sukha 佛教(Buddhism) 僧伽製度(samgha) 鐵薩羅(Tissara) a^loka kasina Abbreviations abhisankha^ra attentiveness BHAISAJYAGURU birth process companionship comprehension consciousness contentedness dasa pa^rami^ deathlessness demons’ realm disappearance FIVE BHIKSHUS FIVE OFFENCES FIVE PRECEPTS FIVE SKANDHAS FIVE VEHICLES fixed destiny higher wisdom imperfections investigating investigation karma process loathsomeness lohita kasina noble persons oda^ta kasina patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence sa^vaka bodhi sakada^ga^mi^ sammuti sacca samvara si^la sasankha^rika satipattha^na shamelessness silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta susa^nik’anga THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES understanding voha^ra sacca 大史(Mahavamsa) 島史(Diqavamsa) 迦膩色迦(Kaniska) 馬鳴(Asvaghosa) 舍衛城(Sravasti) a^ka^sa dha^tu altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta AVALOKITESVARA Buddha sa^sana buddha^nussati citta santa^na citta visuddhi dasaka kala^pa desirelessness devata^nussati dhamma desana^ dhamma^nussati eka^sanik’anga foolish babble frivolous talk kusala vipa^ka marana^nussati saddha^nusa^ri sahetuka citta samudaya sacca samvara suddhi samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS upekkha^ sukha va^ritta si^la visible object 大圓滿(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 叁谛(tri-satyas) a^loka san~n~a^ a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka anicca san~n~a^ appama^na subha characteristics citta sankha^ra dhamma^nusa^ri^ ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS FIVE MESSENGERS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta ka^ya passaddhi loving kindness misapprehension naya vipassana^ nihilistic view nissaya paccaya pamsukúlik’anga pathavi^ kasina sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika samma^ sambodhi sankhitta citta sapada^nik’anga sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt self confidence SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma TAKING PRECEPTS THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vaci^ sankha^ra vaya^nupassana^ voha^ra desana^ 百論(Sata-sastra) 法護(Dharmaraksa) 極樂世界(sukhavati) 支婁迦谶(Lokaksema) a^sevana paccaya abbhoka^sik’anga anatta^ san~n~a^ appana^ sama^dhi assa^sa passa^sa AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series EIGHT SUFFERINGS FOUR HOLY REALMS ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya^nupassana^ karma formations khandha santa^na khaya^nupassana^ maha^ vipassana^ mano san~cetana^ monks’ community nava satta^va^sa nissaya nissita reversible merit samma^ ppadha^na samvara padha^na santi^rana citta sensuous craving SIX SENSE-ORGANS streams of merit sukkha vipassaka supportive karma THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS 經量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律經(Vinaya-sutra) 叁性(tri-svabhava) 釋迦牟尼 (Sakyamuni) 四谛(catur-satyas) adhisi^la sikkha^ anatta^nupassana^ anicca^nupassana^ ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma dhamma^nupassana^ disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa dukkha^nupassana^ eye consciousness FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR FEARLESSNESS FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS FOURFOLD ASSEMBLY highest knowledge immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha manopadosika deva na^natta san~n~a^ nissarana paha^na NO STRIFE SAMADHI non disappearance pa^risuddhi si^la pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paricchinna^ka^sa paticcasamuppa^da sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava sensuous clinging SINGALOVADA SUTRA SIX CONSCIOUSNESS SIX PSYCHIC POWER sudassa sudassi^ suppressive karma TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upaca^ra sama^dhi vedana^nupassana^ 迦毗羅衛(Kapilavastu) 叁學(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika asankha^rika citta cycle of existence domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta marana^sanna kamma meritorious action nirodha sama^patti nirodha^nupassana^ parikamma sama^dhi patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES somanassúpavica^ra SPHERE OF NO-THING TWO FORMS OF DEATH unconscious beings upanissaya paccaya vipassanúpakkilesa vira^ga^nupassana^ wheel of existence yoniso manasika^ra 蓮花生(Padmasambhava) 無著(Asanga 約4或5世紀) 最澄(Saicho 767~822) anabhirati san~n~a^ animitta^nupassana^ answering questions ANUPADISESA-NIBBANA attha patisambhida^ death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS fruits of monk life gradual instruction kilesa parinibba^na lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka one group existence red kasina exercise RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta san~n~a^ vipalla^sa sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS viriya sambojjhanga 阿底峽(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘經(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 約7世紀) 六足論(Satpada sastra) 清淨道論(Visuddhimagga) 說一切有部(Sarvastivada) access concentration cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE paccavekkhana suddhi pubbeniva^sa^nussati pun~n~a^bhisankha^ra regenerating process sama^dhi parikkha^ra samvejani^ya ttha^na SA-UPADISESA-NIBBANA SIX FIELDS OF SENSES SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘論(Mahayana sastra) 榮西(Eisai 1141~1215) 小乘論(Hinayana sastra) 源信(Genshin 942~1017) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana anupa^disesa nibba^na apun~n~a^bhisankha^ra deluded consciousness DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi indriya samvara si^la n’eva sekha n’a^sekha nine abodes of beings ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na questions and answers REALM OF FORMLESSNESS sacca^nulomika n~a^na sama^dhi sambojjhanga SIX HEAVENS OF DESIRE sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit upekkha^ sambojjhanga visesa bha^giya si^la 朝鮮佛教(Korean Buddhism) 梵網經(Brahmajala-sutra) 覺音(Buddhaghosa 5世紀中葉) 蓮花戒(Kamalasila ?~780) 世親(Vasubandhu 約4或5世紀) 印度佛教(Indian Buddhism) 中論(Madhyamika-sastra) abhisama^ca^rika si^la bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa desire for deliverance desireless deliverance FIVE FORMS OF DECAYING FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA kamma samuttha^na rúpa khidda padosika^ deva^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi orambha^giya samyojana passaddhi sambojjhanga prescribed moral rules resistance perceptions sa upa^disesa nibba^na sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS unshakable deliverance viparina^ma^nupassana^ 長阿含經(Dirghagama-sutra) 超戒寺(Vikramasilavihara) 楞伽經(Lankavatara-sutra) 親鸾(Shinran 1173~1262) 緣起(pratitya-samutpada) 中國佛教(Chinese Buddhism) dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS FOUR IMMEASURABLE MINDS NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga sankha^rupekkha^ n~a^na si^la sama^dhi pan~n~a^ SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成實論(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 大乘佛教(Mahayana Byddhism) 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 日本佛教(Japanese Buddhism) a^dibrahmacariyaka si^la ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI asankha^ra parinibba^yi^ bhanga^nupassana^ n~a^na clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ka^ma sukh’allika^nuyoga multiformity perceptions paccaya sannissita si^la paricchinna^ka^sa kasina patibha^na patisambhida^ REALM OF SENSUOUS DESIRE sacchikarani^ya^ dhamma^ uddhambha^giya samyojana verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日經(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂護(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 約590~647) 戒賢(Silabhadra 約528~651 ) 摩诃僧祇律(Mahasangha-vinaya) 尼泊爾佛教(Nepalese Buddhism) 十誦律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 實叉難陀(Siksananda 652~710) 無量壽經(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 雜阿含經(Samyuktagama-sutra) a^ji^va pa^risuddhi si^la adukkha m asukha^ vedana^ hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi nibbida^nupassana^ n~a^na pa^risuddhi padha^niyanga pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness sama^dhi vippha^ra^ iddhi SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA sasankha^ra parinibba^yi^ spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA vanishing and reappearing VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提會(Maha Bodhi Society) 昙無谶(Dharmaksema 385~433) 增一阿含經(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含經(Madh yamagama-sutra) a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu dhamma vicaya sambojjhanga functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 發智論(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍論(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教(Vietnamese Buddhism) a^di^nava^nupassana^ n~a^na balance of mental faculties PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT udayabbaya^nupassana^ n~a^na 常樂我淨(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃經(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 觀無量壽經(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞嚴經(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩薩戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]雙提贊Khri-Sron-Lde-bTsan 瑜伽師地論(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 斯裏蘭卡佛教(Buddhism in Sri Lanka) 中國佛教美術(Buddhist art in China) adhipan~n~a^ dhamma vipassana^ ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 維摩經(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 村上專精(Murakami Senjo 1851~1928) 大般若經(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 鈴木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法蓮華經(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度論(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana 勝鬘經(Srimala-devi simhanada-sutra) 望月信亨(Mochizuki Shinko 1869~1948) a^ha^ra ja (or-samuttha^na) - rúpa magga^magga n~a^nadassana visuddhi NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯識論(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 東南亞佛教(Buddhism in South East Asia) EIGHT DIVISIONS OF GODS AND DRAGONS 高楠順次郎(Takakusu Junjiro 1866~1945) 解深密經(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 攝大乘論(Mahayana-samuparigraha-sastra) 中國佛學院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 達斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) 大乘起信論(Maha yana-Sraddhotpada-sastra) 大毗婆沙論(Abhidharma-mahavibhasa-sastra) 歐美佛教(Buddhism in America and Europe) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION 般若波羅蜜多心經(Prajna-paramita-hrdaya-sutra) FOUR WAYS (OF LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 雜阿毗昙心論(Samyuktabhidharma-hrdaya-sastra) TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金剛經(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 異部宗輪論(Samayabhedo-paracanacak-ra-sastra) 華嚴經(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 叁十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中國佛教協會(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral thiti bha^giya si^la, sama^dhi, pan~n~a^ FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 大方等大集經(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) SPHERE OF NEITHER-PERCEPTION-NOR-NON-PERCEPTION 阿彌陀經(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 李斯·戴維斯,T·W·(Thomas Williams Rhys Davids 1843~1922) 唯識二十論(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯識叁十頌(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 馬拉拉塞克拉,G·P·(Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera 1899~1973) 國際佛教研究協會(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【145】postures

  the  4  bodily:  iriya^patha  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【146】progress

  of  the  disciple,  Gradual  development  of  the  Eightfold  Path  in  the:  In  many  suttas  occurs  an  identical  passage  that  outlines  the  gradual  course  of  development  in  the  progress  of  the  disciple.  There  it  is  shown  how  this  development  takes  place  gradually,  and  in  conformity  with  laws,  from  the  very  first  hearing  of  the  doctrine,  and  from  germinating  faith  and  dim  comprehension,  up  to  the  final  realization  of  deliverance.
"After  hearing  the  law,  he  is  filled  with  confidence,  and  he  thinks:  ”Full  of  hindrances  is  household  life,  a  refuse  heap;  but  the  homeless  life  (of  a  monk)  is  like  the  open  air.  Not  easy  is  it,  when  one  lives  at  home,  to  fulfill  in  all  points  the  rules  of  the  holy  life.  How  if  now  I  were  to  cut  off  hair  and  beard,  put  on  the  yellow  robe,  and  go  forth  from  home  to  the  homeless  life?”  And  after  a  short  time,  having  given  up  his  possessions,  great  or  little,  having  forsaken  a  circle  of  relations,  small  or  large,  he  cuts  off  hair  and  beard,  puts  on  the  yellow  robe,  and  goes  forth  from  home  to  the  homeless  life.
Having  thus  left  the  world,  he  fulfills  the  rules  of  the  monks.  He  avoids  the  killing  of  living  beings  and  abstains  from  it;  without  stick  or  sword,  conscientious,  full  of  sympathy,  he  is  desirous  of  the  welfare  of  all  living  beings.  He  avoids  stealing  ...  avoids  unchastity  ...  avoids  lying  ...  tale-bearing  ...  harsh  language  ...  vain  talk.
"He  abstains  from  destroying  vegetal  germs  and  plants;  eats  only  at  one  time  of  the  day;  keeps  aloof  from  dance,  song,  music  and  the  visiting  of  shows;  rejects  floral  adornment,  perfumes,  ointment,  as  well  as  any  other  kind  of  adornment  and  embellishment.  High  and  gorgeous  beds  he  does  not  use.  Gold  and  silver  he  does  not  accept  ...  keeps  aloof  from  buying  and  selling  things  ....
"He  contents  himself  with  the  robe  that  protects  his  body,  and  with  the  alms-bowl  with  which  he  keeps  himself  alive.  Wherever  he  goes,  he  is  provided  with  these  two  things,  just  as  a  winged  bird  in  flying  carries  its  wings  along  with  him.
"By  fulfilling  this  noble  domain  of  morality  (si^la)  he  feels  in  his  heart  an  irreproachable  happiness."
In  what  follows  thereafter  it  is  shown  how  the  disciple  watches  over  his  5  senses  and  his  mind,  and  by  this  noble  restraint  of  the  senses  (indriya-samvara)  feels  in  his  heart  an  unblemished  happiness;  how  in  all  his  actions  he  is  ever  mindful  and  clearly  conscious;  and  how,  being  equipped  with  this  lofty  morality  (si^la),  and  with  this  noble  restraint  of  the  senses  (indriya-samvara),  and  with  mindfulness  and  clear  consciousness  (sati-sampajan~n~a),  he  choses  a  secluded  dwelling,  and  freeing  his  mind  from  the  5  hindrances  (ni^varana,  q.v.)  he  reaches  full  concentration  (sama^dhi,  q.v.);  and  how  thereafter,  by  developing  insight  (vipassana^  q.v.)  with  regard  to  the  impermanency  (anicca),  misery  (dukkha)  and  impersonality  (anatta^,  q.v.)  of  all  phenomena  of  existence,  he  finally  realizes  deliverance  from  all  cankers  and  defilements,  and  thus  the  assurance  arises  in  him:
"For  ever  am  I  liberated,
This  is  the  last  time  I  am  born,
No  new  existence  waits  for  me."
Cf.  D.1,  2f;  M.  27,  38,  51,  60,  76;  A.  IV,  198;  X,  99:  Pug.  239,  etc.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【147】progress

  s.  patipada^,  abhabbagamana  -  p.  in  morality,  etc.,  s.  ha^nabha^giya,  etc.  -  Purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  path-progress,  s.  visuddhi  (VI).  -  p.  of  the  disciple,  s.  foll.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【148】sakka^ya

  ”existing  group”.”this  word  is  usually  translated  by  ”personality”,  but  according  to  the  commentaries  it  corresponds  to  sat-ka^ya,  ”existing  group”,  hence  not  to  Sanskrit  sva-ka^ya,  ”own  group”  or  ”own  body”.  In  the  suttas  (e.g.  M.  44)  it  is  said  to  be  a  name  for  the  5  groups  of  existence  (khandha):  "Sakka^ya,  o  Brother  Visa^kha,  is  said  by  the  Blessed  One  to  be  a  name  for  the  5  ”groups  as  objects  of  clinging”  (upa^da^na-kkhandha),  to  wit:  corporeality,  feeling,  perception,  mental  formations,  and  consciousness."  -  See  foll.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【149】sama^dhi

  ”concentration”;  lit.”the  (mental)  state  of  being  firmly  fixed”  (sam+a^+?  ha^),  is  the  fixing  of  the  mind  on  a  single  object."One-pointedness  of  mind  (cittass”  ekaggata^),  Brother  Visakha,  this  is  called  concentration"  (M.  44).  Concentration  -  though  often  very  weak  -  is  one  of  the  7  mental  concomitants  inseparably  associated  with  all  consciousness.  Cf.  na^ma,  cetana^.
Right  concentration  (samma^-sama^dhi),  as  the  last  link  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga),  is  defined  as  the  4  meditative  absorptions  (jha^na,  q.v.).  In  a  wider  sense,  comprising  also  much  weaker  states  of  concentration,  it  is  associated  with  all  karmically  wholesome  (kusala)  consciousness.  Wrong  concentration  (miccha^-sama^dhi)  is  concentration  associated  with  all  karmically  unwholesome  (akusala,  q.v.)  consciousness.  Wherever  in  the  texts  this  term  is  not  differentiated  by  ”right”  or  ”wrong”,  there  ”right”  concentration  is  meant  .
In  concentration  one  distinguishes  3  grades  of  intensity:
(1)  ”Preparatory  concentration”  (parikamma-sama^dhi)  existing  at  the  beginning  of  the  mental  exercise.
(2)  ”Neighbourhood  concentration”  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi),  i.e.  concentration  ”approaching”  but  not  yet  attaining  the  1st  absorption  (jha^na,  q.v.),  which  in  certain  mental  exercises  is  marked  by  the  appearance  of  the  so-called  ”counter-image”  (patibha^ga-nimitta).
(3)  ”Attainment  concentration”  (appana^-sama^dhi),  i.e.  that  concentration  which  is  present  during  the  absorptions.  (App.)
Further  details,  s.  bha^vana,  Vis.M.  III  and  Fund.  IV.
Concentration  connected  with  the  4  noble  path-moments  (magga),  and  fruition-moments  (phala),  is  called  supermundane  (lokuttara),  having  Nibba^na  as  object.  Any  other  concentration,  even  that  of  the  sublimest  absorptions  is  merely  mundane  (lokiya,  q.v.).
According  to  D.  33,  the  development  of  concentration  (sama^dhi-bha^vana^)  may  procure  a  4-fold  blessing:  (1)  present  happiness  through  the  4  absorptions;  (2)  knowledge  and  vision  (n~a^na-dassana)  -  here  probably  identical  with  the  ”divine  eye”  (s.  abhin~n~a^)  through  perception  of  light  (kasina);  (3)  mindfulness  and  clear  comprehension  through  the  clear  knowledge  of  the  arising,  persisting  and  vanishing  of  feelings,  perceptions  and  thoughts;  (4)  extinction  of  all  cankers  (a^savakkhaya)  through  understanding  the  arising  and  passing  away  of  the  5  groups  forming  the  objects  of  clinging  (s.  khandha).
Concentration  is  one  of  the  7  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.),  one  of  the  5  spiritual  faculties  and  powers  (s.  bala),  and  the  last  link  of  the  8-fold  Path.  In  the  3-fold  division  of  the  8-fold  Path  (morality,  concentration  and  wisdom),  it  is  a  collective  name  for  the  three  last  links  of  the  path  (s.  sikkha^).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【150】sama^dhi

  parikamma-,  upaca^ra-,  and  appana^-s.:  are  found  only  in  the  Com.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【151】sama^dhi

  sama^patti  kusalata^,  -thiti-kusalata^,  -uttha^nakusalata^:  skilfulness  in  entering  into  concentration,  in  remaining  in  it,  and  in  rising  from  it.  Cf.  S.XXXIV,  llff.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【152】sambodhi

  =  bodhi  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【153】sammatta

  the  ”state  of  rightness”,  are  the  8  links  of  the  8-fold  Path  (D.  33).  Cf.  miccha^tta.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【154】sampada^

  ”attainment,  blessing”.  The  5  blessings  are  said  to  be  faith,  morality,  learning,  liberality,  wisdom  (A.  V,  91).  Further:  morality,  concentration,  wisdom,  deliverance,  the  eye  of  knowledge  connected  with  deliverance  (A.  V,  92).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【155】samsa^ra

  ”round  of  rebirth”,  lit.  perpetual  wandering”,  is  a  name  by  which  is  designated  the  sca  of  life  ever  restlessly  heaving  up  and  down,  the  symbol  of  this  continuous  process  of  ever  again  and  again  being  born,  growing  old,  suffering  and  dying.  More  precisely  put,  samsa^ra  is  the  unbroken  chain  of  the  five-fold  khandha-combinations,  which,  constantly  changing  from  moment  to  moment  follow  continuously  one  upon  the  other  through  inconceivable  periods  of  time.  Of  this  samsa^ra,  a  single  lifetime  constitutes  only  a  tiny  and  fleeting  fraction;  hence  to  be  able  to  comprehend  the  first  noble  truth  of  universal  suffering,  one  must  let  one”s  gaze  rest  upon  the  samsa^ra,  upon  this  frightful  chain  of  rebirths,  and  not  merely  upon  one  single  life-time,  which,  of  course,  may  be  sometimes  less  painful.  -  Cf.  tilakkhana,  anatta^,  paramattha,  patisandhi.

英漢對照詞典 【156】SAMSKARA

Samskara  ==  行

see  Volition  or  Five  Skandhas.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【157】san~n~a^

  1.”perception”,  is  one  of  the  5  groups  of  existence  (khandha,  q.v.),  and  one  of  the  7  mental  factors  (cetasika)  that  are  inseparably  bound  up  with  all  consciousness  (s.  cetana^).  It  is  sixfold  as  perception  of  the  5  physical  sense-objects  and  of  mental  objects.  It  is  the  awareness  of  an  object”s  distinctive  marks  ("one  perceives  blue,  yellow,  etc.,"  S.  XXII,  79).  If,  in  repeated  perception  of  an  object,  these  marks  are  recognized,  san~n~a^  functions  as  ”memory”  (s.  Abh.  St.,  p.  68f.).
2.  san~n~a^  stands  sometimes  for  consciousness  in  its  entirety,  e.g.  in  n”eva-san~n~a^-n”a^san~n~a^yatana,  ”the  realm  of  neither-perception-nor-  non-perception”;  further,  in  asan~n~a^-satta,  ”unconscious  beings”.  In  both  cases  reference  is  not  to  ”perception”  alone,  but  also  to  all  other  constituents  of  consciousness.  Cf.  D.  9.
3.  san~n~a^  may  also  refer  to  the  ”ideas”,  which  are  objects  of  meditation,  e.g.  in  a  group  of  7  ideas,  of  impermanence  (anicca-s.  ),  etc.  (A.  VII,  46);  of  10:  impurity  (asubha-s.),  etc.  (A.  X,  56),  and  another  set  of  10  in  A.  X.  60;  or  to  wrong  notions,  as  in  nicca-,  subha-s.  (the  notion  of  permanence,  beauty),  etc.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【158】san~n~a^

  vedayita  nirodha  =  nirodha-sama^patti  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【159】sankappa

  ”thought”,  is  a  synonym  of  vitakka  (q.v.).  For  samma^-s.,  or  right  thought,  s.  magga  (2).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【160】sankhata

  the  ”formed”,  i.e.  anything  originated  or  conditioned,  comprises  all  phenomena  of  existence.  Cf.  sankha^ra  I,  4;  asankhata.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【161】santa^na

  =  santati:  ”continuity”,  may  refer  to  the  continuity  of  consciousness  (citta-s.),  of  the  groups  of  existence  (khandha-s.),  of  sub-consciousness  (bhavanga-s.),  of  corporeality  (rúpa-s.),  to  the  uninterrupted  continuity  of  the  paticcasamuppa^da  (q.v.),  etc.  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【162】scruples

  kukkucca  (q.v.).

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