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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
當前顯示「Preface」的詞條結果 顯示所有
南傳佛教英文辭典 【1】Preface

Buddhist  Dictionary
Manual  of  Buddhist  Terms  and  Doctrines,  by  NYANATILOKA
Fourth  Revised  Edition,  edited  by  Nyanaponika  
Buddhist  Publication  Society  
P.  O.  Box  61  
54,  Sangharaja  Mawatha  
Kandy,  Sri  Lanka  
  
First  Edition  1952  
Second  Revised  Edition  1956  
Third  Revised  &  Enlarged  Edition  1972  
(Pub.  by  Frewin  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Colombo)  
Fourth  Revised  Edition  1980  
(Buddhist  Publication  Society)  
Reprinted  1988  
  
1980  by  Buddhist  
Publication  Society  
ISBN  -  955  -  24  -  0019  -  8  

From  The  Preface  To  The  First  Edition

As  a  first  attempt  of  an  authentic  dictionary  of  Buddhist  doctrinal  terms,  used  in  the  Páli  Canon  and  its  Commentaries,  this  present  manual  will  fill  a  real  gap  felt  by  many  students  of  Buddhism.  It  provides  the  reader  not  with  a  mere  superficial  enumeration  of  important  Páli  terms  and  their  English  equivalents,  but  offers  him  precise  and  authentic  definitions  and  explanations  of  canonical  and  post-canonical  terms  and  doctrines,  based  on  Sutta,  Abhidhamma  and  Commentaries,  and  illustrated  by  numerous  quotations  taken  from  these  sources,  so  that,  if  anyone  wishes,  he  could,  by  intelligently  joining  together  the  different  articles,  produce  without  difficulty  a  complete  exposition  of  the  entire  teachings  of  Buddhism.

As  already  pointed  out  by  the  author  in  the  preface  to  his  Guide  through  the  Abhidhamma-Pitaka  (Colombo  1938),  there  are  found  in  the  Abhidhamma  Canon  numerous  technical  terms  not  met  with  in  the  Sutta  Canon;  and  again  other  terms  are  found  only  in  the  Commentaries  and  not  in  Sutta  and  Abhidhamma.  The  author  therefore  has  made  a  first  attempt  -  without,  however,  laying  any  claim  to  absolute  reliability  or  completeness  in  this  by  no  means  easy  undertaking  -  to  indicate  in  the  Appendix  all  the  terms  that  in  the  oldest  Sutta  texts  are  either  not  found  at  all,  or  at  least  not  in  the  same  form  or  meaning,  and  to  set  forth  how  far  these  are  deviations  from  the  older  texts,  or  further  developments.

In  this  connection,  the  author  wishes  to  state  that  the  often  quoted  Patisambhidá-Magga,  as  well  as  Niddesa,  Buddhavamsa  and  Cariyapitaka,  though  included  in  the  Khuddaka  Nikáya  of  the  Sutta  Pitaka,  nevertheless  bear  throughout  the  character  of  Commentaries,  and  though  apparently  older  than  the  Sutta  Commentaries  handed  down  to  us  in  Buddhaghosa”s  version,  must  doubtless  belong  to  a  later  period  of  origin  than  the  Abhidhamma  Canon.

In  rendering  the  terms  into  English,  I  often  had  to  differ  considerably  from  the  interpretation  of  Western  scholars,  and  to  introduce  quite  new  words.  A  great  number  of  such  earlier  translations  must  be  considered  partly  as  totally  incorrect,  partly  as  misleading,  or  at  the  very  least  ambiguous.  Incorrect  are,  for  instance,  the  English  renderings  of  náma-rúpa  by  ”name  and  form”;  javana  (impulsion,  i.e.  the  karmic  impulsive  moments)  by  ”apperception”,  etc.

The  expositions  concerning  the  true  nature  of  the  8-fold  Path,  the  4  Noble  Truths,  the  paticca-samuppáda  and  the  5  groups  of  existence  -  doctrines  which,  with  regard  to  their  true  nature,  have  been  often  misunderstood  by  Western  authors  -  are  sure  to  come  to  many  as  a  revelation.

On  the  doctrine  of  anattá,  or  ”egolessness”,  i.e.  the  impersonality  and  emptiness  of  all  phenomena  of  existence,  the  author  repeatedly  felt  the  necessity  of  throwing  light  from  every  possible  point  of  view,  for  it  is  exactly  this  doctrine  which,  together  with  the  doctrine  of  the  conditionality  of  all  phenomena  of  existence,  constitutes  the  very  essence  of  the  whole  Teaching  of  the  Buddha  without  which  it  will  be  by  no  means  possible  to  understand  it  in  its  true  light.  Thus  the  doctrine  of  impersonality  runs  like  a  red  thread  right  through  the  whole  book.

May  this  little  manual  provide  an  ever-helpful  companion  and  vade  mecum  to  all  earnest  students  in  their  study  of  the  original  Buddhist  scriptures,  and  also  give  to  Buddhist  authors  and  lecturers  the  opportunity  of  supplementing  and  deepening  their  knowledge  of  the  profound  teachings  of  the  Buddha!
Should  it,  for  a  better  understanding,  prove  necessary  to  give  to  certain  subjects  a  more  detailed  treatment,  the  carrying  out  of  this  task  may  be  reserved  for  a  later  edition  of  this  work.

NYANATILOKA  
Central  Internment  Camp  
Dehra-Dun,  India  
28-8-1946  

Editor”s  Preface  To  The  Third  Edition

The  present  revised  and  enlarged  Third  Edition  was  intended  to  be  issued  in  commemoration  of  the  tenth  anniversary  of  the  venerable  author”s  passing  away  on  28th  May  1957.  But  due  to  unavoidable  circumstances  the  publication  had  to  be  delayed.

It  was  the  venerable  author”s  wish  to  enlarge  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  but  when  a  second  edition  became  necessary,  he  was  prevented  from  expanding  it  by  the  illness  to  which  he  later  succumbed.  It  rested,  therefore,  with  his  pupil,  the  present  editor,  to  make,  within  the  original  scope  and  character  of  the  work,  such  additions  and  revisions  as  seemed  useful.

Over  seventy  articles  have  been  expanded  and  partly  rewritten;  others  were  slightly  revised;  more  source  references  were  included,  and  information  on  literature  for  further  study  of  the  respective  subjects  was  added  to  some  of  the  articles.  But  only  very  few  new  words  have  been  added  (e.g.  anupassaná,  ánupubbi-kathá,  etc.).  This  restriction  was  observed  because  the  venerable  author  himself  thought  only  of  ”a  more  detailed  treatment”  of  existing  articles  (see  Preface  to  the  1st  ed.)  as  he  obviously  wished  to  preserve  the  original  form  and  character  of  the  book.  It  was  also  considered  that  the  adding  of  more  words  such  as  those  coined  in  later  commentarial  and  abhidhammic  literature,  would  be  superfluous  as  in  the  English  language  such  terms  will  generally  be  found  only  in  a  few  scholarly  books  and  translations  which  themselves  give  the  explanations  needed.

This  book  is  chiefly  intended  for  those  who  study  the  Buddhist  teachings  through  the  medium  of  the  English  language,  but  wish  to  familiarize  themselves  with  some  of  the  original  Páli  terms  of  doctrinal  import.  They  are  in  the  same  position  as  a  student  of  philosophy  or  science  who  has  to  know  the  terminology  of  his  field,  which  for  common  parlance  is  mostly  not  less  ”unfamiliar”  than  are  the  words  of  the  Páli  language  found  in  the  Dictionary.

Such  acquaintance  with  the  Páli  terms  of  the  original  texts  will  also  be  useful  to  the  student  for  the  purpose  of  identifying  the  various  renderings  of  them  favored  by  different  translators.  It  is  deplorable  that  there  is  a  considerable  multiplication  of  new  English  coining  for  the  same  doctrinal  term.  This  great  variety  of  renderings  has  proved  to  be  confusing  to  those  students  of  Buddhism  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  Páli  language.  Even  at  this  late  stage  when  many  translations  of  Páli  texts  are  in  print,  it  will  be  desirable  if,  for  the  sake  of  uniformity,  translators  forgo  their  preference  for  their  own  coining,  even  if  they  think  them  better  than  others.  In  any  case,  doctrinal  terms  have  to  be  known  by  definition,  just  as  in  the  case  of  philosophical  and  technical  terms  in  a  Western  language.

As  a  small  help  in  the  situation  described,  a  number  of  alternative  renderings  used  by  other  translators  have  been  included  in  some  articles  of  this  edition.  In  a  very  few  cases,  unacceptable  though  familiar  renderings  have  been  bracketed.  The  Venerable  Nyanatiloka”s  own  preferences  have  been  placed  in  inverted  commas.  Generally  it  may  be  said  that  his  renderings,  based  on  his  comprehensive  knowledge  of  texts  and  doctrine,  are  very  sound  and  adequate.  Only  in  a  very  few  cases  has  the  editor  changed  the  author”s  preferred  rendering  e.g.”canker”  for  ásava  (instead  of  ”bias”),  ”right  view”  for  sammá-ditthi  (instead  of  ”right  understanding”).  The  latter  change  was  made  for  the  sake  of  economizing  with  the  few  English  equivalents  for  the  numerous  Páli  synonyms  for  ”knowing”,  etc.;  and  also  to  avoid  having  to  render  the  opposite  term,  micchá-ditthi,  by  ”wrong  understanding”.
This  Dictionary  appeared  also  in  the  author”s  own  German  version  (published  by  Verlag  Christiani,  Konstanz,  Germany)  and  in  a  French  translation  made  by  the  late  Mme  Suzanne  Karpeles  (published  by  ”Adyar”,  Paris,  1961).

NYANAPONIKA  
Kandy,  Ceylon  
February  1970  

Only  few  and  minor  revisions  have  been  made  to  the  text  of  the  Fourth  Edition  which  is  now  issued  by  the  Buddhist  Publication  Society.
NYANAPONIKA  
Kandy,  Sri  Lanka  
March  1980

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