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in age eye ill joy LAW law one sel sex utu ZEN aeon alms atta BALA bala body both catu chie deva dosa ends envy fine food gati gems grie hate hell hetu loka lust mada mala mano MARK meat mind moha múla ogha oja^ once open pain path peta rise RUPA rúpa sati talk ties tree unit view void will yoga yoni ZEAL adosa agati ALAYA amata amoha anger ARANA ARHAN ARHAT ASURA asura atta^ aviha bases being belie bhava bodhi bonds cause chaos citta death doors doubt dread faith great greed iddhi image issa^ ja^ti jara^ ji^va ka^ma kalpa kamma KARMA karma kicca kriya kuppa light lobha lower ma^na Ma^ra MAGGA magga merit METTA mirth moral na^ma neyya nicca noble phala pi^ti ra^ga RAKSA right rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA va^yo vasi^ vatta VIGOR water world wrong YAKSA yokes " a^sava abodes access action alobha ANATTA ANICCA anicca Arahat asekha atappa Avi^ci beauty beings bha^va BHIKSU biases bodily BUDDHA Buddha cakkhu carana carita change course dha^tu dhamma DHARMA ditthi divine dukkha eating EFFORT effort elders ENERGY energy escape favour fixity floods forest friend gantha ghosts GIVING giving gnosis groups growth grudge hearer iriya^ JATAKA javana jewels KARUNA kasina khanti kilesa kiriya kusala lokiya MANTRA marana marvel MATTER matter method metta^ middha misery MUDITA niraya object oma^na phassa picked planes powers PRAJNA purity RAHULA refuge samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints tanha^ terror torpor trance truths tusita upa^di upadhi usages va^ca^ VAISYA vatthu VEDANA vijja^ virati viriya virtue viveka WISDOM wisdom woeful a^ha^ra a^ji^va a^ka^sa a^ruppa absence agility ahimsa^ AKALIKA AKALIKO AKUSALA akusala ANAGAMI anatta^ anusaya arising avacara avijja^ bhikkhu BRAHMIN cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline desana^ destiny devotee disease duggati emotion factors feeling fetters freedom HSU YUN HUA TOU INDRIYA indriya insight ji^vita kala^pa karuna^ killing KUSHALA lahuta^ mangala mastery matured meaning message miccha^ miracle mudita^ muduta^ mundane navanga neutral nimitta nirodha NIRVANA nirvana nissaya niya^ma obha^sa okkanti old age ottappa patched patigha perfect Preface puggala pun~n~a rapture reality rebirth remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a thought turning upacaya UPEKKHA vedana^ vibhava vica^ra viha^ra vimutti vipa^ka vipatti vira^ga vitakka vivatta voda^na voka^ra worldly 戒(sila) a^nen~ja a^yatana acquired adherent AKUSHALA AMITABHA ANAGAMIN anussati Appendix atima^na aversion bhavanga BHIKSUNI bondages ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding delusion departed DEVOTION dhutanga dogmatic drinking elements eternity exertion extremes fatalism fivefold fruition gladness gotrabhú grasping HINAYANA HUI NENG ill will impurity influxes interest kammanta kin~cana KSATRIYA kukkucca lakkhana learning MAHAMAYA MAHAYANA maintain MAITREYA monkhood MORALITY morality Nibba^na nibba^na nibbatti nibbedha not self opposite PARAMITA PATIENCE patience postures practice progress reaction sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness Table II tathata^ te vijja thinking training uddhacca ujukata^ upa^saka upaca^ra upekkha^ uposatha upstream vimamsa^ vimokkha virility visuddhi vitality VOLITION volition 谛(satya) 慧 (Mati) 空(sunya) 業(karma) 瑜伽(yoga) a^rammana a^vajjana abhijjha^ acinteyya adherence adhicitta akanittha anottappa appama^da asankhata attention avihimsa^ avikkhepa avya^kata beautiful behaviour bha^vana^ BOJJHANGA bojjhanga boundless breathing cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice deva dúta deviation dhuta^nga domanassa duccarita dukkhata^ dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness ENDURANCE existence eye organ faculties FIVE EYES formation happiness IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy immediate impulsion indulging intention knowledge kolankola lightness lokuttara mahaggata micchatta mind base NAGARJUNA nekkhamma ni^varana nutriment obstacles palibodha parikamma pariyatti patipada^ patipatti pativedha pondering proximity PURE LAND ready wit rúpa loka SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti pitaka ti ratana ti sarana TRAILOKYA treasures TRIPITAKA upa^da^na upa^sika^ vanishing vinipa^ta vya^pa^da worldling YASODHARA 阿含(agama) 法(dharma) a^bhassara aberration abhin~n~a^ abhisamaya absorption adhimokkha ADHITTHANA advertence aggregates ALMSGIVING Ana^ga^mi^ analytical antinomies appendants asmi ma^na avya^pa^da awakenment bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment DHAMMAPADA dibba loka dibba sota DIVINE EYE ego belief ego entity eka bi^ji^ elasticity enthusiasm equanimity expression EXTINCTION extinction femininity few wishes foundation FOUR PHALA FOUR SEALS functional generation hindrances impression impurities individual inducement intimation ka^ma guna ka^ma loka ka^ma^sava liberality liberation low speech macchariya MAHASATTVA mano kamma MEDITATION meditation messengers MIDDLE WAY mutability obduracies opapa^tika overcoming para^ma^sa paramattha parin~n~a^ patisandhi pattida^na permanency productive punabbhava puthujjana reflection repetition repression repugnance RIGHT VIEW rúpa ka^ya sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa tatha^gata TEN POWERS tendencies therava^da TWO DEATHS unprepared unshakable upakkilesa upavica^ra vehapphala vesa^rajja vin~n~a^na vin~n~atti vipalla^sa vipassana^ wrong path ya^ma deva yuganaddha 不害(ahimsa) 識(Vijnana) 無常(anitya) a^nantariya a^po dha^tu abandonment abstentions adhittha^na ahosi kamma alms giving anabhijjha^ ANAPANASATI anupassana^ appicchata^ ariya iddhi ariya magga ariya sacca ariya vamsa arúpa bhava association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA brahma loka chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta defilements deliverance destruction determining development dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS enlightened fading away forbearance foundations human world iddhi pa^da immortality indifferent infatuation inoperative inseparable intoxicants itthindriya ka^ma bhava ka^ma ra^ga ka^ya kamma kamma bhava kamma patha kamma vatta karma round khi^na^sava kusala múla loka dhamma LOTUS SUTRA maha^ bhúta mana^yatana manasika^ra mano dha^tu MIDDLE PATH middle path mind object mindfulness na^ma ka^ya NINE REALMS nippapan~ca noble power origination pa^timokkha pada parama PARINIRVANA paritta^bha patipannaka patti da^na penetration perfections performance personality perversions preparatory proficiency pure abodes realization RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara rúpa^yatana sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo dha^tu tejo kasina temperature THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS ti lakkhana unthinkable unwholesome uprightness vaci^ kamma vavattha^na vicikiccha^ wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 結集(samgiti) 輪回(samsara) 涅槃(Nirvana) 無我(anatman) 真如(tathata) a^savakkhaya abhinibbatti accumulation adaptability an~n~indriya appaman~n~a^ arúpa^vacara bahula kamma bhava ditthi bhava tanha^ body witness ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka DHARMA-WHEEL dibba cakkhu dispensation dissociation divine abode dry visioned fire element FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES garuka kamma harmlessness hate natured heat element HEAVENLY EYE hiri ottappa homelessness impermanence inclinations intoxicating janaka kamma ka^ma tanha^ ka^ma^vacara ka^ya sakkhi kamma^yúhana kammaja rúpa kammattha^na karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina lobha carita mental image mind element momentaneity nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes non violence pa^tiha^riya pakati si^la pan~ca si^la parinibba^na pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness predominance proclivities purification purisindriya ra^ga carita radiant gods recollectons RENUNCIATION restlessness RIGHT ACTION RIGHT EFFORT RIGHT SPEECH rúpa jjha^na rúpa kala^pa rúpa^rammana sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry ▲ 收起
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南傳佛教英文辭典 【1】si^la

  ”morality”,  ”virtue”,  is  a  mode  of  mind  and  volition  (cetana,  q.v.)  manifested  in  speech  or  bodily  action  (s.  karma).  It  is  the  foundation  of  the  whole  Buddhist  practice,  and  therewith  the  first  of  the  3  kinds  of  training  (sikkha^,  q.v.)  that  form  the  3-fold  division  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga),  i.e.  morality,  concentration  and  wisdom.
Buddhist  morality  is  not,  as  it  may  appear  from  the  negative  formulations  in  the  Sutta-texts,  something  negative.  And  it  does  not  consist  in  the  mere  not  committing  of  evil  actions,  but  is  in  each  instance  the  clearly  conscious  and  intentional  restraint  from  the  bad  actions  in  question  and  corresponds  to  the  simultaneously  arising  volition.
Morality  of  the  8-fold  Path,  namely,  right  speech,  right  action  and  right  livelihood,  is  called  ”genuine  or  natural  morality”  pakatisi^la),  as  distinguished  from  the  external  rules  for  monks  or  laymen,  the  so-called  ”prescribed  morality”  (pan~n~atti-si^la,  q.v.),  which,  as  such,  is  karmically  neutral.
"What  now  is  karmically  wholesome  morality  (kusala-si^la)?  It  is  the  wholesome  bodily  action  (ka^ya-kamma,  s.  karma),  wholesome  verbal  action  (vaci^-kamma,  s.  karma),  and  also  the  purity  with  regard  to  livelihood  which  I  call  morality"  (M.  78).  Cf.  magga,  3-5.
For  the  5,  8  and  10  rules,  s.  sikkha^pada.  Further  cf.  ca^ritta-  and  va^ritta-si^la.
The  4  kinds  of  morality  consisting  of  purification  (catupa^risuddhi-si^la)  are:  (1)  restraint  with  regard  to  the  monks”  Disciplinary  Code,  (2)  restraint  of  the  senses,  (3)  purification  of  livelihood,  (4)  morality  with  regard  to  the  4  requisites  (of  the  monk)  .
(1)  Restraint  with  regard  to  the  Disciplinary  Code  (pa^timokkha-samvara-si^la)."Here  the  monk  is  restrained  in  accordance  with  the  monks”  Disciplinary  Code,  is  perfect  in  conduct  and  behaviour,  and  perceiving  danger  even  in  the  least  offences,  he  trains  himself  in  the  rules  he  has  taken  upon  him"  (A  .  V,  87,109  ,114,  etc.  )  .
(2)  Restraint  of  the  senses  (indriya-samvara-si^la)."Whenever  the  monk  perceives  a  form  with  the  eye,  a  sound  with  the  ear,  an  odour  with  the  nose,  a  taste  with  the  tongue,  an  impression  with  the  body,  an  object  with  the  mind,  he  neither  adheres  to  the  appearance  as  a  whole,  nor  to  its  parts.  And  he  strives  to  ward  off  that  through  which  evil  and  unwholesome  things,  greed  and  sorrow,  would  arise,  if  he  remained  with  unguarded  senses;  and  he  watches  over  his  senses,  restrains  his  senses"  (M  38).
(3)  Purification  of  livelihood  (a^ji^va-pa^risuddhi-si^la).  It  consists  therein  that  the  monk  does  not  acquire  his  livelihood  in  a  way  unbefitting  to  a  monk.
(4)  Morality  with  regard  to  the  4  rcquisites  (paccaya-sannissita-si^la).  It  consists  therein  that  the  monk  is  guided  by  the  right  mental  attitude  when  making  use  of  the  4  requisites:  robes,  almsfood,  dwelling  and  medicine."Wisely  reflecting  he  makes  use  of  his  robes  ...  merely  to  protect  himself  against  cold  and  heat,  etc.  Wisely  reflecting  he  makes  use  of  his  almsfood...  merely  as  a  prop  and  support  to  this  body....  Wisely  reflecting  he  makes  use  of  his  dwelling...  merely  to  keep  off  the  dangers  of  weather  and  to  enjoy  solitude....  Wisely  rerlecting  he  makes  use  of  the  necessary  medicines,  merely  to  suppress  feelings  of  sickness  that  arise,  and  to  reach  perfect  freedom  from  suffering"  (cf.  M.  2).
About  these  4  kinds  of  morality,  Vis.M.  I  gives  a  detailed  exposition.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【2】si^la

  paccayasannissita-,  pacca^vekkhana-si^la:,  etc.,  are  terms  used  in  the  Com.  for  the  proper  contemplation  (patisankha^  yoniso)  of  the  4  requisites  of  a  monk,  often  dealt  with  in  the  old  texts  (e.g.  M.  2).  Also  the  3  other  pa^risuddhi-si^la,  as  pa^timokkhasamvara-,  indriya-,  and  a^ji^vapa^risuddhi-si^la,  though  under  these  names  perhaps  only  known  in  the  Com.,  are  fully  dealt  with  in  the  old  texts,  e.g.  M.53,  D.2,  M.2,  etc.  The  terms  pannatti-  and  pan~n~atti-si^la  are  used  only  in  the  Com.

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