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南傳佛教英文辭典 【1】mirth

  (in  the  Arahat):  s.  hasituppa^da-citta.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【2】iriya^

  patha  (lit.”ways  of  movement”):  ”bodily  postures”,  i.e.  going,  standing,  sitting,  lying.  In  the  Satipattha^na-sutta  (s.  satipattha^na),  they  form  the  subject  of  a  contemplation  and  an  exercise  in  mindfulness.
"While  going,  standing,  sitting  or  lying  down,  the  monk  knows  ”I  go”,  ”I  stand”,  ”I  sit”,  ”I  lie  down”;  he  understands  any  position  of  the  body."  -  "The  disciple  understands  that  there  is  no  living  being,  no  real  ego,  that  goes,  stands,  etc.,  but  that  it  is  by  a  mere  figure  of  speech  that  one  says:  ”I  go”,  ”I  stand”,  and  so  forth."  (Com.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【3】kiriya

  (or  kriya)-citta:  ”functional  consciousness”  or  ”karmically  inoperative  consciousness”,  is  a  name  for  such  states  of  consciousness  as  are  neither  karmically  wholesome  (kusala),  nor  unwholesome  (akusala),  nor  karma-results  (vipa^ka);  that  is,  they  function  independently  of  karma.  Thus  are  also  called  all  those  worldly  mental  states  in  the  Arahat  which  are  accompanied  by  2  or  3  noble  roots  (greedlessness,  hatelessness,  undeludedness),  being  in  the  Arahat  karmically  neutral  and  corresponding  to  the  karmically  wholesome  states  of  a  non-Arahat  (s.  Tab.  1-8  and  73-89),  as  well  as  the  rootless  mirth-producing  (hasituppa^da)  mind-consciousness-element  of  the  Arahat  (Tab.  72);  further,  that  mind-element  (mano-dha^tu)  which  performs  the  function  of  advertence  (a^vajjana)  to  the  sense  object  (Tab.  70),  and  that  mind-consciousness-element  (manovin~n~a^na-dha^tu)  which  performs  the  functions  of  deciding  (votthapana)  and  advertence  to  the  mental  object  (Tab.  71).  The  last-named  2  elements,  of  course,  occur  in  all  beings.
Together  with  karma-resultant  consciousness  (vipa^ka)  it  belongs  to  the  group  of  ”karmically  neutral  consciousness”  (avya^kata).  See  Tab.  I  (last  column).  -  (App.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【4】kiriya

  (kiriya^,  kriya^)  citta  is  a  term  first  used  in  the  Abh.  Canon  (e.g.  Dhs.  §§  566-582).  It  has  an  important  place  in  post-canonical  Abh.  literature,  e.g.  Vis.M.  XIV.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【5】niraya

  lit.”the  downward-path”,  the  nether  or  infernal  world,  usually  translated  by  ”hell”,  is  one  of  the  4  lower  courses  of  existence  (apa^ya,  q.v.).  The  Buddhists  are  well  aware  that  on  account  of  the  universal  sway  of  impermanence  a  life  in  hell,  just  as  in  heaven,  cannot  last  eternally,  but  will  after  exhaustion  of  the  karma  which  has  caused  the  respective  form  of  rebirth,  necessarily  be  followed  again  by  a  new  death  and  a  new  rebirth,  according  to  the  stored-up  karma.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【6】virati

  the  3  ”abstentions”  or  abstinences,  are:  abstention  from  wrong  speech,  wrong  (bodily)  action  and  wrong  livelihood;  corresponding  to  right  speech,  action  and  livelihood  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga,  3-5).  By  abstention  is  not  simply  meant  the  non-occurrence  of  the  evil  things  in  question,  but  the  deliberate  abstaining  therefrom,  whenever  occasion  arises.  They  belong  to  the  ”secondary”  (not  constant)  mental  concomitants  obtaining  in  lofty  consciousness  (s.  Tab.  II).  Cf.  si^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【7】viriya

  ”energy”,  lit.”virility”,  ”manliness”  or  ”heroism”  (from  vi^ra,  man,  hero;  Lat.  vir;  cf.  virtus),  is  one  of  the  5  spiritual  faculties  and  powers  (s.  bala),  one  of  the  7  factors  of  enlightenment  (s.  bojjhanga)  and  identical  with  right  effort  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga).  For  further  explanations,  s.  padha^na.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【8】virtue

  s.  si^la.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【9】miracle

  s.  pa^tiha^riya.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【10】nirodha

  ”extinction”;  s.  nirodha-sama^patti,  anupubba-nirodha.

英漢對照詞典 【11】NIRVANA

Nirvana  ==  涅槃

Nirvana  is  a  Sanskrit  word  which  is  originally  translated  as  "perfect  stillness".  It  has  many  other  meanings,  such  as  liberation,  eternal  bliss,  tranquil  extinction,  extinction  of  individual  existence,  unconditioned,  no  rebirth,  calm  joy,  etc.  It  is  usually  described  as  transmigration  to  "extinction",  but  the  meaning  given  to  "extinction"  varies.
There  are  four  kinds  of  Nirvana:  
1.Nirvana  of  pure,  clear  self-nature  
2.Nirvana  with  residue  
3.Nirvana  without  residue  
4.Nirvana  of  no  dwelling

南傳佛教英文辭典 【12】nirvana

  (Sanskrit=  )  Nibba^na  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【13】rebirth

  s.  patisandhi,  paticcasamuppa^da  (3,10),  karma,  punabbhava.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【14】vira^ga

  ”fading  away”,  detachment;  absence  of  lust,  dispassionateness.  Appears  frequently  together  with  nirodha,  ”cessation”  (1)  as  a  name  for  Nibba^na,  (2)  in  the  contemplations  (a)  forming  the  4th  tetrad  in  the  exercises  in  mindfulness  of  breathing  (s.  a^na^pa^nasati  14),  (b)  of  the  18  principal  insights  (No.  5);  s.  vipassana^.
According  to  Com.,  it  may  mean  (1)  the  momentary  destruction  of  phenomena,  or  (2)  the  ultimate  ”fading  away”,  i.e.  Nibba^na.  In  the  aforementioned  two  contemplations,  it  means  the  understanding  of  both,  and  the  path  attained  by  such  understanding.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【15】acquired

  image  (during  concentration):  s.  nimitta,  sama^dhi,  kasina.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【16】virility

  s.  bha^va.

英漢對照詞典 【17】PARINIRVANA

Parinirvana  ==  圓寂

Not  death,  but  perfect  rest,  i.e.  the  perfection  of  all  virtues  and  the  elimination  of  all  evils..  Also  a  release  from  the  suffering  of  transmigration  and  an  entry  to  a  state  of  fullest  joy.

中國百科全書 【18】涅槃(Nirvana)

  Niepan

  佛教教義。又譯作泥日、泥洹、涅槃那。意譯爲滅、滅度、寂滅、安樂、無爲、不生、解脫、圓寂。涅槃原意是火的息滅或風的吹散狀態。佛教産生以前就有這個概念;佛教用以作爲修習所要達到的最高理想境界。含義多種:息除煩惱業因,滅掉生死苦果,生死因果都滅,而人得度,故稱滅或滅度;衆生流轉生死,皆由煩惱業因,若息滅了煩惱業因,則生死苦果自息,名爲寂滅或解脫;永不再受叁界生死輪回,故名不生;惑無不盡,德無不圓,故又稱圓寂;達到安樂無爲,解脫自在的境界,稱爲涅槃。《大乘起信論》稱:“以無明滅故,心無有起;以無起故,境界隨滅;以因緣俱滅故,心相皆盡,名得涅槃。”佛教大小乘對涅槃有不同的說法。一般分有余涅槃和無余涅槃兩種。一個修行者證得阿羅漢果,這時業報之因已盡,但還有業報身心的存在,故稱有余涅槃;及至身心果報也不存在,稱無余涅槃。據《肇論》介紹:小乘以“灰身滅智,捐形絕慮”爲涅槃,是爲有余涅槃;《中論》等則以“諸法實相”爲涅槃,是爲無余涅槃。大乘還分性淨涅槃和方便淨涅槃兩種。本有的法身,名性淨涅槃,即真如法性,亦稱性德涅槃;假六度緣修,本有法身顯現,名方便淨涅槃,亦稱修得涅槃。法相宗綜合了大小乘涅槃學說立四種涅槃:①自性清淨涅槃。雖有客塵煩惱,而自性清淨,湛如虛空;②有余依涅槃。斷盡煩惱障所顯之真如;③無余依涅槃。出生死苦之真如;④無住處涅槃。斷所知障所顯之真如,此依佛的叁身而說,有法身故不住生死,有應化身故不住涅槃,名爲無住涅槃。大乘佛教認爲涅槃具有常樂我淨四種德性或常、恒、安、清涼、不老、不死、無垢、快樂八種德性。(劉峰)

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