sacca的解释_sacca是什么意思？什么是sacca？ - 佛教词典

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sel sex alms dosa ends gems lust rise sati ties adosa ASURA asura bases bonds cause chaos doors issa^ RAKSA rules sacca sagga sakka satta sekha sense shame si^la sloth space STUPA subha SUDRA sukha SUTRA vasi^ YAKSA yokes a^sava abodes access asekha beings BHIKSU biases course elders escape floods forest ghosts gnosis groups jewels kasina kilesa kusala misery phassa planes powers samma^ sangha SANJNA sarana sexual stains suddha sugati sukkha SUMERU taints truths tusita usages VAISYA WISDOM wisdom a^ka^sa absence ahimsa^ AKUSALA akusala anusaya arising cankers desana^ destiny disease factors fetters HSU YUN insight KUSHALA mastery message nissaya obha^sa remorse sa^sana sa^vaka saddha^ SAMADHI samatha sammuti SAMSARA samseva sassata sikkha^ sitting skilful sobhana spheres SRAVAKA sublime sun~n~a 戒(sila) AKUSHALA anussati aversion BHIKSUNI bondages cetasika delusion elements extremes fatalism gladness grasping influxes interest KSATRIYA not self opposite postures progress sakka^ya sama^dhi sambodhi sammatta sampada^ samsa^ra SAMSKARA san~n~a^ sankappa sankhata santa^na scruples sensuous serenity signless sucarita suchness upa^saka uposatha upstream vimamsa^ visuddhi 谛(satya) 空(sunya) asankhata avihimsa^ boundless cosmogony domanassa dwellings EMPTINESS emptiness existence faculties FIVE EYES happiness impulsion lightness mind base obstacles SAHA LAND sammasana samphassa samyojana sankha^ra SARIPUTRA sena^sana SENSATION SIX DUSTS SIX GUNAS SIX PATHS SIX ROOTS somanassa something suffering ti sarana treasures upa^sika^ vanishing YASODHARA a^bhassara abhisamaya absorption aggregates ALMSGIVING antinomies appendants asmi ma^na bhava^sava BODHISATTA Bodhisatta compassion conditions dibba sota elasticity enthusiasm expression few wishes FOUR SEALS hindrances impression impurities ka^ma^sava low speech MAHASATTVA messengers obduracies para^ma^sa patisandhi repression sa^man~n~a sama^patti sensuality SEVEN GEMS SHAKYAMUNI si^labbata SIX PLACES sota^panna sota^patti standstill stinginess successive SUDDHODANA ta^vatimsa TEN POWERS tendencies TWO DEATHS unshakable upakkilesa vesa^rajja vipalla^sa vipassana^ 不害(ahimsa) abstentions ahosi kamma alms giving ANAPANASATI anupassana^ ariya sacca ariya vamsa association attachments attainments BODHISATTVA chaste life co nascence corruptions defilements destruction dissolution dosa carita earnestness egolessness EIGHT WINDS foundations inseparable intoxicants khi^na^sava kusala múla LOTUS SUTRA manasika^ra mindfulness NINE REALMS perfections personality perversions pure abodes sala^yatana sama si^si^ samuttha^na san~cetana^ san~n~ojana si^vathika^ sikkha^pada supernormal tejo kasina THREE ROOTS THREE SEALS unwholesome uprightness wrongnesses 定 (samadhi) 结集(samgiti) 轮回(samsara) a^savakkhaya body witness covetousness dispensation dissociation dry visioned FIVE WISDOMS FOUR VIRTUES harmlessness homelessness inclinations ka^ya sakkhi karma result kilesa ka^ma light kasina nesajjikanga ni^la kasina noble abodes pakati si^la pan~ca si^la pasa^da rúpa patisandhika petti visaya pi^ta kasina pleasantness proclivities purisindriya radiant gods recollectons restlessness RIGHT SPEECH sacca n~a^na SAKRADAGAMIN sambojjhanga samma^ magga sampajan~n~a santutthita^ SIX INDRIYAS SIX PARAMITA SROTA-APANNA stream entry subconscious suddha^va^sa supermundane THREE DOGMAS THREE JEWELS THREE REALMS THREE WISDOM TWELVE BASES viveka sukha 佛教（Buddhism）僧伽制度(samgha) 铁萨罗(Tissara) a^loka kasina Abbreviations abhisankha^ra attentiveness BHAISAJYAGURU birth process companionship comprehension consciousness contentedness dasa pa^rami^ deathlessness demons’ realm disappearance FIVE BHIKSHUS FIVE OFFENCES FIVE PRECEPTS FIVE SKANDHAS FIVE VEHICLES fixed destiny higher wisdom imperfections investigating investigation karma process loathsomeness lohita kasina noble persons oda^ta kasina patisambhida^ patisankha^na post nascence sa^vaka bodhi sakada^ga^mi^ sammuti sacca samvara si^la sasankha^rika satipattha^na shamelessness silent buddha SIX ENTRANCES stream winner subha nimitta susa^nik’anga THREE POISONS THREE SHASTRA THREE STUDIES THREE VIRTUES TIEN TAI SECT TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES understanding voha^ra sacca 大史(Mahavamsa) 岛史(Diqavamsa) 迦腻色迦(Kaniska) 马鸣(Asvaghosa) 舍卫城(Sravasti) a^ka^sa dha^tu altruistic joy AMITABHA SUTRA asan~n~a satta AVALOKITESVARA Buddha sa^sana buddha^nussati citta santa^na citta visuddhi dasaka kala^pa desirelessness devata^nussati dhamma desana^ dhamma^nussati eka^sanik’anga foolish babble frivolous talk kusala vipa^ka marana^nussati saddha^nusa^ri sahetuka citta samudaya sacca samvara suddhi samvatta kappa samvega vatthu sangaha vatthu SIX FULFILMENT stupid natured TEN DIRECTIONS TEN GOOD DEEDS transformation transitoriness TWELVE NIDANAS upekkha^ sukha va^ritta si^la visible object 大圆满(mahasanti) 二谛(twi-satyas) 三谛(tri-satyas) a^loka san~n~a^ a^na^pa^na sati akusala vitakka anicca san~n~a^ appama^na subha characteristics citta sankha^ra dhamma^nusa^ri^ ditthi visuddhi EIGHT NEGATIONS EIGHTEEN FIELDS FIVE MESSENGERS FOUR GREAT VOWS gustatory organ indriya samatta ka^ya passaddhi loving kindness misapprehension naya vipassana^ nihilistic view nissaya paccaya pamsukúlik’anga pathavi^ kasina sakka^ya ditthi samatha ya^nika samma^ sambodhi sankhitta citta sapada^nik’anga sappatigha rúpa sceptical doubt self confidence SHATIKA SHASTRA sota^pattiyanga SPIRITUAL GHOST stored up karma TAKING PRECEPTS THREE DELUSIONS THREE OBSTACLES tranquilisation upasama^nussati vaci^ sankha^ra vaya^nupassana^ voha^ra desana^ 百论(Sata-sastra) 法护(Dharmaraksa) 极乐世界(sukhavati) 支娄迦谶（Lokaksema） a^sevana paccaya abbhoka^sik’anga anatta^ san~n~a^ appana^ sama^dhi assa^sa passa^sa AVATAMSAKA SUTRA citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series EIGHT SUFFERINGS FOUR HOLY REALMS ka^ya gata^ sati ka^ya^nupassana^ karma formations khandha santa^na khaya^nupassana^ maha^ vipassana^ mano san~cetana^ monks’ community nava satta^va^sa nissaya nissita reversible merit samma^ ppadha^na samvara padha^na santi^rana citta sensuous craving SIX SENSE-ORGANS streams of merit sukkha vipassaka supportive karma THIRTY-TWO FORMS THREE EVIL PATHS THREE GOOD PATHS THREE SUFFERINGS 经量部(Sautrantike) 六度(sad-paramita) 律经(Vinaya-sutra) 三性(tri-svabhava) 释迦牟尼　（Sakyamuni）四谛(catur-satyas) adhisi^la sikkha^ anatta^nupassana^ anicca^nupassana^ ascending insight bhavanga santa^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma dhamma^nupassana^ disinterestedness ditthi vipalla^sa dukkha^nupassana^ eye consciousness FIVE COMMANDMENTS FOREMOST PARAMITA FOUR FEARLESSNESS FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS FOURFOLD ASSEMBLY highest knowledge immaterial sphere kusala kammapatha manopadosika deva na^natta san~n~a^ nissarana paha^na NO STRIFE SAMADHI non disappearance pa^risuddhi si^la pakati upanissaya pan~n~atti si^la paricchinna^ka^sa paticcasamuppa^da sahaja^ta paccaya santa^na santati sati sambojjhanga sati sampajan~n~a satta^va^sa nava sensuous clinging SINGALOVADA SUTRA SIX CONSCIOUSNESS SIX PSYCHIC POWER sudassa sudassi^ suppressive karma TEN DHARMA REALMS TEN WHOLESOMENESS upaca^ra sama^dhi vedana^nupassana^ 迦毗罗卫(Kapilavastu) 三学(tisrah siksah) 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) ahetu patisandhika asankha^rika citta cycle of existence domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta marana^sanna kamma meritorious action nirodha sama^patti nirodha^nupassana^ parikamma sama^dhi patikkúla san~n~a^ reflex perceptions samatha vipassana^ sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na self mortification SIDDHARTHA GOUTAMA SIX EXTERNAL BASES SIX INTERNAL BASES somanassúpavica^ra SPHERE OF NO-THING TWO FORMS OF DEATH unconscious beings upanissaya paccaya vipassanúpakkilesa vira^ga^nupassana^ wheel of existence yoniso manasika^ra 莲花生(Padmasambhava) 无著(Asanga 约4或5世纪) 最澄(Saicho 767~822) anabhirati san~n~a^ animitta^nupassana^ answering questions ANUPADISESA-NIBBANA attha patisambhida^ death consciousness discursive thinking FOUR GREAT ELEMENTS fruits of monk life gradual instruction kilesa parinibba^na lofty consciousness maha^purisa vitakka one group existence red kasina exercise RIGHT UNDERSTANDING samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta san~n~a^ vipalla^sa sattakkhattu parama SATYASIDDHI SHASTRA spiritual faculties sun~n~ata^ vimokkha superiority conceit suta maya^ pan~n~a^ TEN GREAT KING VOWS viriya sambojjhanga 阿底峡(Atisa 982~1054) 大乘经(Mahayana sutra) 寂天(Santideva 约7世纪) 六足论(Satpada sastra) 清净道论(Visuddhimagga) 说一切有部(Sarvastivada) access concentration cemetery meditations dhamma patisambhida^ ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA NIRVANA WITH RESIDUE paccavekkhana suddhi pubbeniva^sa^nussati pun~n~a^bhisankha^ra regenerating process sama^dhi parikkha^ra samvejani^ya ttha^na SA-UPADISESA-NIBBANA SIX FIELDS OF SENSES SUDDEN ENLIGHTENMENT SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA sun~n~ata^nupassana^ tanha^ nissita si^la TEN TITLES OF BUDDHA THREE ENLIGHTENMENTS ti hetu patisandhika VAST AND LONG TONGUE vivattana^nupassana^ yatha^santhatik’anga 大乘论(Mahayana sastra) 荣西（Eisai 1141～1215）小乘论(Hinayana sastra) 源信(Genshin 942~1017) a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana anupa^disesa nibba^na apun~n~a^bhisankha^ra deluded consciousness DVADASHAMUKHA SHASTRA dvi hetuka patisandhi indriya samvara si^la n’eva sekha n’a^sekha nine abodes of beings ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ patipassaddhi paha^na questions and answers REALM OF FORMLESSNESS sacca^nulomika n~a^na sama^dhi sambojjhanga SIX HEAVENS OF DESIRE sota^pannassa anga^ni TEN MERITORIOUS DEEDS THREE CLASSIFICATIONS THREE PERIODS OF TIME transference of merit upekkha^ sambojjhanga visesa bha^giya si^la 朝鲜佛教（Korean Buddhism）梵网经(Brahmajala-sutra) 觉音(Buddhaghosa 5世纪中叶) 莲花戒(Kamalasila ?~780) 世亲(Vasubandhu 约4或5世纪) 印度佛教（Indian Buddhism）中论(Madhyamika-sastra) abhisama^ca^rika si^la bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa desire for deliverance desireless deliverance FIVE FORMS OF DECAYING FLOWER ADORNMENT SUTRA FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA kamma samuttha^na rúpa khidda padosika^ deva^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi orambha^giya samyojana passaddhi sambojjhanga prescribed moral rules resistance perceptions sa upa^disesa nibba^na sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS unshakable deliverance viparina^ma^nupassana^ 长阿含经(Dirghagama-sutra) 超戒寺(Vikramasilavihara) 楞伽经(Lankavatara-sutra) 亲鸾（Shinran 1173～1262）缘起(pratitya-samutpada) 中国佛教（Chinese Buddhism） dasa (tatha^gata ) bala FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS FOUR IMMEASURABLE MINDS NIRVANA WITHOUT RESIDUE patinissagga^nupassana^ receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge sabbúpadhi patinissagga sankha^rupekkha^ n~a^na si^la sama^dhi pan~n~a^ SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 八正道(aryastangika-marga) 成实论(Satyasiddhi-sastra) 大乘佛教（Mahayana Byddhism）境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 日本佛教(Japanese Buddhism) a^dibrahmacariyaka si^la ANNUTARA-SAMYAK-SAMBODHI asankha^ra parinibba^yi^ bhanga^nupassana^ n~a^na clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ka^ma sukh’allika^nuyoga multiformity perceptions paccaya sannissita si^la paricchinna^ka^sa kasina patibha^na patisambhida^ REALM OF SENSUOUS DESIRE sacchikarani^ya^ dhamma^ uddhambha^giya samyojana verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日经(Mahavairocana-sutra) 寂护(Santiraksita 705~762) 戒日王(Siladitya 约590~647) 戒贤（Silabhadra 约528~651 ）摩诃僧祇律(Mahasangha-vinaya) 尼泊尔佛教（Nepalese Buddhism）十诵律(Sarvastivada-vinaya) 实叉难陀(Siksananda 652~710) 无量寿经(Aparimitayur-sutra) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) 杂阿含经(Samyuktagama-sutra) a^ji^va pa^risuddhi si^la adukkha m asukha^ vedana^ hate rooted consciousness indriyesu gutta dva^rata^ kankha^ vitarana visuddhi nibbida^nupassana^ n~a^na pa^risuddhi padha^niyanga pa^timokkha samvara si^la registering consciousness sama^dhi vippha^ra^ iddhi SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA sasankha^ra parinibba^yi^ spontaneously born beings support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA vanishing and reappearing VIMALAKIRTI-NIVDESA SUTRA 佛教文学(Buddhist literature) 摩诃菩提会(Maha Bodhi Society) 昙无谶(Dharmaksema 385~433) 增一阿含经(Ekottaragama-sutra) 中阿含经（Madh yamagama-sutra） a^ha^re patikkúla san~n~a^ ability to acquire insight analysis of the 4 elements dasa pun~n~a kiriya vatthu dhamma vicaya sambojjhanga functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence MAHA-PRAJNA-PARAMITA-SUTRA mind consciousness element paranimmita vasavatti deva parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION uddhamsota akanitthaga^mi^ 发智论(Jnanaprasthana-sastra) 俱舍论(Abhidharmakosa-sastra) 越南佛教（Vietnamese Buddhism） a^di^nava^nupassana^ n~a^na balance of mental faculties PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS yatha^ bhúta n~a^na dassana 佛教建筑(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika NINE STAGES OF LOTUS FLOWERS patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na seven rebirths at the utmost SIX PERIODS OF DAY AND NIGHT udayabbaya^nupassana^ n~a^na 常乐我净(nitya-sukha-atma-subha) 大般涅槃经(Mahaparinirvana-sutra) 观无量寿经(Amitayurbhavana-sutra) 楞严经(surangama-samadhi-sutra) 菩萨戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 乞[口*栗]双提赞Khri－Sron－Lde－bTsan 瑜伽师地论(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS EVIL TIME OF FIVE TURBIDITIES THREE MEDITATIONS OF ONE MIND vuttha^na ga^mini^ vipassana^ 斯里兰卡佛教（Buddhism in Sri Lanka) 中国佛教美术（Buddhist　art　in　China） adhipan~n~a^ dhamma vipassana^ ascetic purification practices imperturbable karma formations sabba loke anabhirati san~n~a^ VIPASYANA SUKHAVATIVYUHA SUTRA 维摩经(Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra) equilibrium of mental faculties SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 村上专精（Murakami Senjo 1851～1928）大般若经(Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra) 铃木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 妙法莲华经(Saddharmapundarika-sutra) 中国佛教音乐(Buddhist music in China) patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi 大智度论(Mahaprajna-paramita-sastra) 冢本善隆(Tsukamoto Zenryu 1898~1980) anan~n~a^tan~ n~assa^mi^t’indriya citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) n’eva san~n~a^ n’a^san~n~a^yatana 胜鬘经(Srimala-devi simhanada-sutra) 望月信亨（Mochizuki Shinko 1869～1948） a^ha^ra ja (or-samuttha^na) - rúpa magga^magga n~a^nadassana visuddhi NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 成唯识论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra) 东南亚佛教（Buddhism in South East Asia） EIGHT DIVISIONS OF GODS AND DRAGONS 高楠顺次郎（Takakusu Junjiro 1866～1945）解深密经(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 摄大乘论(Mahayana-samuparigraha-sastra) 中国佛学院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 达斯，S·C·（Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) 大乘起信论(Maha yana-Sraddhotpada-sastra) 大毗婆沙论(Abhidharma-mahavibhasa-sastra) 欧美佛教（Buddhism in America and Europe） a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TWELVE LINKS OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION 般若波罗蜜多心经（Prajna-paramita-hrdaya-sutra） FOUR WAYS (OF LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 杂阿毗昙心论(Samyuktabhidharma-hrdaya-sastra) TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金刚经(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 异部宗轮论(Samayabhedo-paracanacak-ra-sastra) 华严经(Bud dhavatamsaka-mahavai pul yasutra) 三十七菩提分(saptatrimsadbodhi-paksika-dharmah) 中国佛教协会(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral thiti bha^giya si^la, sama^dhi, pan~n~a^ FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 大方等大集经(Mahavai pul ya-mahasanni-pata-sutra) SPHERE OF NEITHER-PERCEPTION-NOR-NON-PERCEPTION 阿弥陀经(Sukhavati-v yuha-sutra,Amitayur-v yuha-sutra) 李斯·戴维斯,T·W·(Thomas Williams Rhys Davids 1843~1922) 唯识二十论(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-vimsa-kakarika-sastra) 唯识三十颂(Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-trimsai-kakarika-sastra) 马拉拉塞克拉，G·P·（Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera 1899～1973）国际佛教研究协会(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) sura^meraya majja ppama^dattha^na^ veramani^ sikkha^padam sama^diya^mi ▲ 收起

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南传佛教英文辞典【1】sacca

　　”Truth”.　　-　　1.　　On　　the　　”two　　truths”,　　conventional　　and　　ultimale,　　see　　paramattha.
2.”The　　Four　　Noble　　Truths”　　(ariya-sacca)　　are　　the　　briefest　　synthesis　　of　　the　　entire　　teachings　　of　　Buddhism,　　since　　all　　those　　manifold　　doctrines　　of　　the　　threefold　　canon　　are,　　without　　any　　exception,　　included　　therein.　　They　　are:　　the　　truth　　of　　suffering,　　of　　the　　origin　　of　　suffering,　　of　　the　　extinction　　of　　suffering,　　and　　of　　the　　Eightfold　　Path　　leading　　to　　the　　extinction　　of　　suffering.
I.　　The　　1st　　truth,　　briefly　　stated,　　teaches　　that　　all　　forms　　of　　existence　　whatsoever　　are　　unsatisfactory　　and　　subject　　to　　suffering　　(dukkha).
II.　　The　　2nd　　truth　　teaches　　that　　all　　suffering,　　and　　all　　rebirth,　　is　　produced　　by　　craving　　(tanha^).
III.　　The　　3rd　　truth　　teaches　　that　　extinction　　of　　craving　　necessarily　　results　　in　　extinction　　(nirodha)　　of　　rebirth　　and　　suffering,　　i.e.　　nibba^na　　(q.v.).
IV.　　The　　4th　　truth　　of　　the　　Eightfold　　Path　　(magga)　　indicates　　the　　means　　by　　which　　this　　extinction　　is　　attained.
The　　stereotype　　text　　frequently　　recurring　　in　　the　　Sutta　　Pitaka,　　runs　　as　　follows:
I."But　　what,　　o　　monks,　　is　　the　　noble　　truth　　of　　suffering?　　Birth　　is　　suffering,　　decay　　is　　suffering,　　death　　is　　suffering;　　sorrow,　　lamentation,　　pain,　　grief　　and　　despair　　are　　suffering;　　in　　short,　　the　　5　　groups　　of　　existence　　connected　　with　　clinging　　are　　suffering　　(cf.　　dukkha,　　dukkhata).
II.””But　　what,　　o　　monks,　　is　　the　　noble　　truth　　of　　the　　origin　　of　　suffering?　　It　　is　　that　　craving　　which　　gives　　rise　　to　　fresh　　rebirth　　and,　　bound　　up　　with　　lust　　and　　greed,　　now　　here,　　now　　there,　　finds　　ever　　fresh　　delight.　　It　　is　　the　　sensual　　craving　　(ka^ma-tanha^),　　the　　craving　　for　　existence　　(bhava-tanha^),　　the　　craving　　for　　non-existence　　or　　self-annihilation　　(vibhava-tanha^).
III."But　　what,　　o　　monks,　　is　　the　　noble　　truth　　of　　the　　extinction　　of　　suffering?　　It　　is　　the　　complete　　fading　　away　　and　　extinction　　of　　this　　craving,　　its　　forsaking　　and　　giving　　up,　　liberation　　and　　detachment　　from　　it.
IV."But　　what,　　o　　monks,　　is　　the　　noble　　truth　　of　　the　　path　　leading　　to　　the　　extinction　　of　　suffering?　　It　　is　　the　　Noble　　Eightfold　　Path　　(ariya-atthangika-magga)　　that　　leads　　to　　the　　extinction　　of　　suffering,　　namely:

1.　　Right　　view　　(samma^-ditthi)2.　　Right　　thought　　(samma^-sankappa) III.　　Wisdom　　(pan~n~a^)
3.　　Right　　speech　　(samma^-va^ca^)4.　　Right　　action　　(samma^-kammanta)5.　　Right　　livelihood　　(sammd-djiva) 　　I.　　Morality　　(si^la)
6.　　Right　　effort　　(samma^-va^ya^ma)7.　　Right　　mindfulness　　(samma^-sati)8.　　Right　　concentration　　(samma^-sama^dhi) 　　II.　　Concentration　　(sama^dhi)

1."What　　now,　　o　　monks,　　is　　right　　view　　(or　　right　　understanding)?　　It　　is　　the　　understanding　　of　　suffering,　　of　　the　　origin　　of　　suffering,　　of　　the　　extinction　　of　　suffering,　　and　　of　　the　　path　　leading　　to　　the　　extinction　　of　　suffering.
2."What　　now,　　o　　monks,　　is　　right　　thought?　　It　　is　　a　　mind　　free　　from　　sensual　　lust,　　ill-will　　and　　cruelty.
3."What　　now,　　o　　monks,　　is　　right　　speech?　　Abstaining　　from　　lying,　　tale-bearing,　　harsh　　words,　　and　　foolish　　babble　　(cf.　　tiraccha^nakatha^).
4."What　　now,　　o　　monks,　　is　　right　　action?　　Abstaining　　from　　injuring　　living　　beings,　　from　　stealing　　and　　from　　unlawful　　sexual　　intercourse　　(s.　　ka^mesu　　miccha^ca^ra).
5."What　　now,　　o　　monks,　　is　　right　　livelihood?　　If　　the　　noble　　disciple　　rejects　　a　　wrong　　living,　　and　　gains　　his　　living　　by　　means　　of　　right　　livelihood　　(s.　　magga,　　5).
6."What　　now,　　o　　monks,　　is　　right　　effort?　　If　　the　　disciple　　rouses　　his　　will　　to　　avoid　　the　　arising　　of　　evil,　　demeritorious　　things　　that　　have　　not　　yet　　arisen;...　　if　　he　　rouses　　his　　will　　to　　overcome　　the　　evil,　　demeritorious　　things　　that　　have　　already　　arisen;...　　if　　he　　rouses　　his　　will　　to　　produce　　meritorious　　things　　that　　have　　not　　yet　　arisen;...　　if　　he　　rouses　　his　　will　　to　　maintain　　the　　meritorious　　things　　that　　have　　already　　arisen　　and　　not　　to　　let　　them　　disappear,　　but　　to　　bring　　them　　to　　growth,　　to　　maturity　　and　　to　　the　　full　　perfection　　of　　development;　　he　　thus　　makes　　effort,　　stirs　　up　　his　　energy,　　exerts　　his　　mind　　and　　strives　　(s.　　padha^na).
7."What　　now,　　o　　monks　　is　　right　　mindfulness?　　If　　the　　disciple　　dwells　　in　　contemplation　　of　　corporeality　　...　　of　　feeling　　...　　of　　mind　　...　　of　　the　　mind-objects,　　ardent,　　clearly　　conscious,　　and　　mindful　　after　　putting　　away　　worldly　　greed　　and　　grief　　(s.　　satipattha^na).
8."What　　now,　　o　　monks,　　is　　right　　concentration?　　If　　the　　disciple　　is　　detached　　from　　sensual　　objects,　　detached　　from　　unwholesome　　things,　　and　　enters　　into　　the　　first　　absorption　　...　　the　　second　　absorption　　...　　the　　third　　absorption　　...　　the　　fourth　　absorption"　　(s.　　jha^na).
In　　the　　Buddha”s　　first　　sermon,　　the　　Dhammacakkappavattana　　Sutta,　　it　　is　　said　　that　　the　　first　　truth　　(suffering)　　is　　to　　be　　fully　　understood;　　the　　second　　truth　　(craving)　　to　　be　　abandoned;　　the　　third　　truth　　(Nibba^na)　　to　　be　　realized;　　the　　fourth　　truth　　(the　　path)　　to　　be　　cultivated.
"The　　truth　　of　　suffering　　is　　to　　be　　compared　　with　　a　　disease,　　the　　truth　　of　　the　　origin　　of　　suffering　　with　　the　　cause　　of　　the　　disease,　　the　　truth　　of　　extinction　　of　　suffering　　with　　the　　cure　　of　　the　　disease,　　the　　truth　　of　　the　　path　　with　　the　　medicine"　　(Vis.M.　　XVI).
In　　the　　ultimate　　sense,　　all　　these　　4　　truths　　are　　to　　be　　considered　　as　　empty　　of　　a　　self,　　since　　there　　is　　no　　feeling　　agent,　　no　　doer,　　no　　liberated　　one.　　no　　one　　who　　follows　　along　　the　　path.　　Therefore　　it　　is　　said:
”Mere　　suffering　　exists,　　no　　sufferer　　is　　found.
The　　deed　　is,　　but　　no　　doer　　of　　the　　deed　　is　　there.
Nibba^na　　is,　　but　　not　　the　　man　　that　　enters　　it.
The　　path　　is,　　but　　no　　traveller　　on　　it　　is　　seen.

”The　　first　　truth　　and　　the　　second　　truth　　are　　empty
Of　　permanency,　　joy,　　of　　self　　and　　beauty;
The　　Deathless　　Realm　　is　　empty　　of　　an　　ego,
And　　free　　from　　permanency,　　joy　　and　　self,　　the　　path.”
(Vis.M.　　XVI)

It　　must　　be　　pointed　　out　　that　　the　　first　　truth　　does　　not　　merely　　refer　　to　　actual　　suffering,　　i.e.　　to　　suffering　　as　　feeling,　　but　　that　　it　　shows　　that,　　in　　consequence　　of　　the　　universal　　law　　of　　impermanency,　　all　　the　　phenomena　　of　　existence　　whatsoever,　　even　　the　　sublimest　　states　　of　　existence,　　are　　subject　　to　　change　　and　　dissolution,　　and　　hence　　are　　miserable　　and　　unsatisfactory;　　and　　that　　thus,　　without　　exception,　　they　　all　　contain　　in　　themselves　　the　　germ　　of　　suffering.　　Cf.　　Guide,　　p.　　101f.
Regarding　　the　　true　　nature　　of　　the　　path,　　s.　　magga.
Literature:　　Dhammacakkappavattana　　Sutta　　(in　　WHEEL　　17　　and　　BODHI　　LEAVES);　　M.　　141;　　Sacca-Samyutta　　(S.　　LVI);　　Sacca　　Vibhanga;　　W.　　of　　B.;　　Vis.M.　　XVI:　　The　　Four　　Noble　　Truths　　by　　Francis　　Story　　(WHEEL　　34/35);　　The　　Significance　　of　　the　　4　　Noble　　Truths　　by　　V.　　F.　　Gunaratna　　(WHEEL　　123).

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