san~n~a^ (°citta, °ditthi): ”perception (consciousness, view) of an ego”, is one of the 4 perversions (vipalla^sa, q.v.).
ditthi (-va^da): ”ego-belief”, ”personality-belief”, s. ditthi.
maha^ra^jika deva a class of heavenly beings of the sensuous sphere; s. deva.
(lit.”going”): ”course of existence”, destiny, destination."There are 5 courses of existence: hell, animal kingdom, ghost realm, human world, heavenly world" (D. 33; A. XI, 68). Of these, the first 3 count as woeful courses (duggati, s. apa^ya), the latter 2 as happy courses (sugati).
and hatelessness: (dosa, adosa) are two of the 6 karmical roots (múla, q.v.) or root-conditions (hetu; paccaya 1).
eating. Just as the karmical, i.e. moral, quality of any action is determined by the quality of volition (cetana^) underlying it, and independently of this volition nothing whatever can be called karmically wholesome or unwholesome (kusala, akusala), just so it is with the merely external act of meat-eating, this being as such purely non-moral, i.e. karmically neutral (avya^kata).
”In 3 circumstances meat-eating is to be rejected: if one has seen, or heard, or suspects (that the animal has been slaughtered expressly for one”s own sake)" (M. 55). For if in such a case one should partake of the meat, one would as it were approve the murder of animals, and thus encourage the animal-murderer in his murderous deeds. Besides, that the Buddha never objected, in ordinary circumstances, to meat-eating may be clearly understood from many passages of the Suttas (e.g. A. V. 44; VIII, 12; M. 55, etc.), as also from the Vinaya, where it is related that the Buddha firmly rejected Devadatta”s proposal to forbid meat-eating to the monks; further from the fact that 10 kinds of meat were (for merely external reasons) forbidden to the monks, namely from elephants, tigers, serpents, etc.
See Amagandha Sutta (Sn.). Early Buddhism and the Taking of Life, by I. B. Horner (WHEEL 104).
knowledge, the 4 kinds of: s. visuddhi (VII).
result (fruition): phala (q.v.).
and not path, the knowledge and vision regarding: s. visuddhi (V).
”mindfulness”, is one of the 5 spiritual faculties and powers (s. bala), one of the 7 factors of enlightenment (bojjhanga, q.v.), and the 7th link of the 8-fold Path (magga, q.v.), and is, in its widest sense, one of those mental factors inseparably associated with all karmically wholesome (kusala, q.v.) and karma-produced lofty (sobhana) consciousness (Cf. Tab. II). - For the 4 foundations of mindfulness s. foll.
the 4 ”wrong paths”...
the 4 ”wrong paths” are:
the path of greed (chanda),
of hate,
of delusion,
of cowardice (bhaya).
"One who is freed from evil impulses is no longer liable to take the wrong path of greed, etc.”” (A.IV.17; A.IX.7).
”Deathlessness”...
(Sanskrit amrta; ? mr to die; = Gr. ambrosia): ”Deathlessness”
according to popular belief also the gods” drink conferring immortality, is a name for Nibba^na (s. Nibba^na), the final liberation from the wheel of rebirths, and therefore also from the ever-repeated deaths .
Arhat == 阿羅漢
There are two kinds of arhats, namely, the Sound-hearing arhat (Sravaka) and the Enlightened-to-condition arhat (Praetyka-Buddha). The former attains the wisdom to understand the Four Noble Truth, while the latter attains the wisdom to understand the Law of Dependent Origination or the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination. They represent two vehicles, who "comprehend for their own sake". As they pay attention to themselves and not to others, they are incapable of genuine and equal enlightenment.
There are four noble stages of fruition in the Arhat Path.
”self, ego, personality, is in Buddhism a mere conventional expression (voha^radesana^), and no designation for anything really existing; s. paramattha-desana^, anatta^, puggala, satta, ji^va.
marana (q.v.) - Contemplation of °: marana^nussati (q.v.) - As divine messenger: deva-dúta (q.v.).
man, the 8 thoughts of a: maha^purisa-vitakka (q.v.).
”living being”. This term, just like atta^, puggala, ji^va, and all the other terms denoting ”ego-entity”, is to be considered as a merely conventional term (voha^ra-vacana), not possessing any reality-value. For the impersonality of all existence. s. anatta^, paramattha, puggala, ji^va, satta, paticcasamuppa^da.
1.”round”, 2.”round of rebirths”.
(1) With reference to the dependent origination (paticcasamuppa^da, q.v.), Vis.M. XVII speaks of 3 rounds: the karma round (kamma-vatta) comprising the karma-formations and the karmaprocess (2nd and 10th links); the round of defilements (kilesa-vatta) comprising ignorance, craving and clinging (1st, 8th and 9th links); the round of results (vipa^ka-vatta) comprising consciousness, mind and corporeality, 6 bases, impression, feeling (3rd-7th links). Cf. paticcasamuppa^da (diagram).
(2) round of rebirth = samsa^ra (q.v.).