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catu CHAN chie once ca^ga cakka cause chaos citta kicca nicca sacca space access action ANICCA anicca Avi^ci cakkhu carana carita chanda change course escape object picked trance va^ca^ absence avacara cankers cetana^ CHARITY conceit control counter craving created decline factors miccha^ miracle paccaya patched perfect Preface upacaya vica^ra acquired ca^ritta cemetery cetasika clinging deciding dogmatic kin~cana kukkucca papan~ca PATIENCE patience practice reaction scruples sucarita suchness uddhacca upaca^ra acinteyya adherence adhicitta cetokhila character CONDITION cosmogony cowardice duccarita ENDURANCE existence faculties IGNORANCE ignorance immediacy micchatta obstacles advertence analytical compassion conception conditions confidence contiguity continuity cuti citta detachment elasticity EXTINCTION extinction functional hindrances inducement low speech macchariya obduracies overcoming permanency productive reflection repugnance SIX PLACES successive tendencies upavica^ra appicchata^ ariya sacca association attachments chaste life co nascence contentment corruptions cutúpapa^ta deliverance destruction dosa carita forbearance intoxicants mind object nippapan~ca perfections performance proficiency RECOGNITION remembrance rúpa^vacara san~cetana^ vaci^ kamma vicikiccha^ accumulation arúpa^vacara ceto vimutti citta kkhana citta vi^thi conventional corporeality covetousness dhamma cakka dibba cakkhu dissociation impermanence inclinations intoxicating ka^ma^vacara lobha carita non violence pan~ca si^la predominance proclivities purification ra^ga carita recollectons RENUNCIATION RIGHT ACTION RIGHT SPEECH sacca n~a^na subconscious twin miracle ahetuka citta anuloma citta atthi paccaya birth process brahma cariya cakkhu dha^tu companionship comprehension concentration consciousness CONTEMPLATION contemplation contentedness disappearance FIVE OFFENCES FIVE PRECEPTS FIVE VEHICLES imperfections ka^ma cchanda kamma paccaya karma process magga paccaya manopavica^ra mental action pacceka bodhi post nascence sammuti sacca SIX ENTRANCES TIEN TAI SECT TWELVE PLACES TWO OBSTACLES unconditioned verbal action vijja^ carana vipacitan~n~u voha^ra sacca altruistic joy chal abhin~n~o citt’ekaggata^ citta santa^na citta visuddhi natthi paccaya pacceka buddha path condition sahetuka citta samudaya sacca TEN DIRECTIONS uccheda ditthi vigata paccaya visible object 瑜伽行派(Yogacara) anicca san~n~a^ avigata paccaya cakkh’ a^yatana chal abhin~n~a^ characteristics citta sankha^ra indriya paccaya mental function mental obduracy nihilistic view nissaya paccaya olfactory organ sankhitta citta sceptical doubt self confidence TAKING PRECEPTS THREE OBSTACLES vaci^ sankha^ra vipa^ka paccaya vitakka vica^ra 五明(panca-vidya) a^sevana paccaya adhipati paccaya anantara paccaya citta vipalla^sa citta^nupassana^ cognitive series equality conceit mano san~cetana^ monks’ community santi^rana citta sensuous craving te ci^varik’anga tiraccha^na yoni upekkhopavica^ra vaci^ vin~n~atti vin~n~a^na kicca votthapana citta 四谛(catur-satyas) a^cin!n!aka kamma anicca^nupassana^ ascending insight cakkhu vin~n~a^na cetaso vinibandha cittass’ekaggata^ destructive karma eye consciousness FIVE COMMANDMENTS ineffective karma mental advertence non disappearance paricchinna^ka^sa paticcasamuppa^da pureja^ta paccaya RIGHT REMEMBRANCE sahaja^ta paccaya sensuous clinging SIX CONSCIOUSNESS SIX PSYCHIC POWER upaca^ra sama^dhi upacchedaka kamma yoga^vacara yogi 桑奇大塔(Sanch Stupa) asankha^rika citta catu voka^ra bhava ceto pariya n~a^na corporeality group cycle of existence domanassupavica^ra full comprehension hasituppa^da citta karma accumulation meritorious action ONE BUDDHA VEHICLE reflex perceptions sampayutta paccaya samuccheda paha^na self mortification somanassúpavica^ra tada^rammana citta tiraccha^na katha^ unconscious beings upanissaya paccaya vippayutta paccaya wheel of existence yoga^vacara = yogi 佛所行贊(Buddhacarita) 四大(caturmahabhuta) 五種姓(panca-gotrani) 圓珍(Enchin 814~891) 最澄(Saicho 767~822) alcohol prohibition analytical doctrine counteractive karma death consciousness discursive thinking gradual instruction inferiority conceit lofty consciousness one group existence red kasina exercise RIGHT CONCENTRATION samanantara paccaya sampaticchana citta spiritual faculties superiority conceit 月官(Candragomin約7世紀) a^kin~can~n~a^yatana access concentration akuppa^ ceto vimutti cemetery meditations cinta^ maya pan~n~a^ derived corporeality five group existence four group existence greedy consciousness inference of meaning ka^mesu miccha^ca^ra niyata miccha^ditthi paccavekkhana n~a^na paccavekkhana suddhi paccha^ja^ta paccaya pan~ca voka^ra bhava pan~cadva^ra^vajjana regenerating process UNCONDITIONED DHARMA a^ka^sa^nan~ca^yatana animitta ceto vimutti corporeality and mind deluded consciousness germinating once more mind and corporeality pan~ca dva^ra^vajjana produced corporeality sacca^nulomika n~a^na THREE CLASSIFICATIONS transference of merit vi^thi = citta vi^thi vin~n~a^nan~ca^yatana abhisama^ca^rika si^la an~n~a^man~n~a paccaya appama^na ceto vimutti bhavanga sota^, citta catu pa^risuddhi si^la citta samuttha^na rúpa desire for deliverance desireless deliverance doctrine of the Buddha FIVE FORMS OF DECAYING prescribed moral rules resistance perceptions sensitive corporeality SIXTEEN CONTEMPLATIONS substrata of existence unshakable deliverance upahacca parinibba^yi^ 中國佛教(Chinese Buddhism) catu dha^tu vavattha^na FIVE BASIC AFFLICATIONS muccitu kamyata^ n~a^na receptive consciousness retrospective knowledge SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE 境行果(sthana-carya-phala) 毗尼多流支(Vinitaruci ?~594) 菩提流支(Bodhiruci 約5~6世紀間) 月稱(Candrakirti 約7世紀中葉) a^dibrahmacariyaka si^la attainment concentration clarity of consciousness corporeality perceptions ego idea, ego perception multiformity perceptions paccaya sannissita si^la paricchinna^ka^sa kasina reflecting contemplation sacchikarani^ya^ dhamma^ verbal functions of mind 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 大日經(Mahavairocana-sutra) avoidance and performance hate rooted consciousness registering consciousness support decisive support 摩诃菩提會(Maha Bodhi Society) 日蓮(Nichiren 1222~1282) a^kin~can~n~a ceto vimutti ability to acquire insight dhamma vicaya sambojjhanga functions of consciousness happy courses of existence impersonality of existence khalu paccha^ bhattik’anga mind consciousness element parassa ceto pariya n~a^na TEN VEHICLES OF MEDITATION balance of mental faculties karma produced corporeality neighbourhood concentration origination of corporeality thought thought conception 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) akusala sa^dha^rana cetasika 瑜伽師地論(Yogacara-bhumi-sastra) EIGHTEEN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS 中國佛教美術(Buddhist art in China) ascetic purification practices equilibrium of mental faculties SIX DIRECTIONS OF REINCARNATION subha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi sukha san~n~a^, citta, ditthi THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) karmically acquired corporeality citta ja (citta samuttha^na) rúpa FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) 望月信亨(Mochizuki Shinko 1869~1948) NIRVANA OF PURE, CLEAR SELF-NATURE 解深密經(Sandhinir-mokcana-vyuha-sutra) 中國佛學院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 達斯,S·C·(Sarat Chandra Das 1849~1917) 歐美佛教(Buddhism in America and Europe) 師覺月(Prabodhi Chandra Bagachi ?~1956) FIVE CATEGORIES OF UNTRANSLATED TERMS TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 金剛經(Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita-sutra) 異部宗輪論(Samayabhedo-paracanacak-ra-sastra) 馬克斯·缪勒,F·(Friedrich Max Muller 1823~1900) 中國佛教協會(The Buddhist Association of China) karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) SPHERE OF NEITHER-PERCEPTION-NOR-NON-PERCEPTION 國際佛教研究協會(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【1】catu

  maha^ra^jika  deva  a  class  of  heavenly  beings  of  the  sensuous  sphere;  s.  deva.

英漢對照詞典 【2】CHAN

Chan  ==  禅

Also  called  Zen;  see  Contemplation  and  Meditation.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【3】chie

F  elements,  the  4:  maha^-bhúta  (q.v.)  -  dha^tu  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【4】once

  eater,  the  practice  of  the:  s.  dhutanga.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【5】ca^ga

  ”liberality”,  is  one  of  the  ”blessings”  (s.  sampada^),  ”foundations”  (s.  adhittha^na),  ”recollections”  (s.  anussati),  ”treasures”  (s.  dhana).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【6】cakka

  ”wheel”,  is  one  of  the  seven  ”precious  possessions”  (ratana)  of  a  righteous  World  Emperor  (cakkavatti:  ”He  who  owns  the  Wheel,”  cf.  D.  26),  and  symbolizes  conquering  progress  and  expanding  sovereignty.  From  that  derives  the  figurative  expression  dhamma-cakkam  pavatteti,  ”he  sets  rolling  the  Wheel  of  the  Law”  and  the  name  of  the  Buddha”s  first  sermon,  Dhamma-cakkappavattana  Sutta  (s.  dhamma-cakka).
Another  figurative  meaning  of  C.  is  ”blessing”.  There  are  4  such  ”auspicious  wheels”  or  ”blessings”:  living  in  a  suitable  locality,  company  of  good  people,  meritorious  acts  done  in  the  past,  right  inclinations  (A.  IV,  31).
Bhava-cakka,  ”wheel  of  existence”,  or  of  life,  is  a  name  for  ”dependent  origination”  (s.  paticca-samuppa^da).
See  The  Buddhist  Wheel  Symbol,  by  T.  B.  Karunaratne  (WHEEL  137/138);  The  Wheel  of  Birth  and  Death,  by  Bhikkhu  Khantipalo  (WHEEL  147/149)

南傳佛教英文辭典 【7】cause

  cf.  paccaya  (1).  -  For  the  five  c.  of  existence,  s.  paticca-samuppa^da  (10).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【8】chaos

  cf.  kappa.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【9】citta

  ”mind”,  ”consciousness”,  ”state  of  consciousness”,  is  a  synonym  of  mano  (q.v.)  and  vin~n~a^na  (s.  khandha  and  Tab.  1).  Dhs.  divides  all  phenomena  into  consciousness  (citta),  mental  concomitants  (cetasika,  q.v.)  and  corporeality  (rúpa).
In  adhicitta,  ”higher  mentality”,  it  signifies  the  concentrated,  quietened  mind,  and  is  one  of  the  3  trainings  (s.  sikkha^).  The  concentration  (or  intensification)  of  consciousness  is  one  of  the  4  roads  to  power  (s.  iddhipa^da).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【10】citta

  vi^thi,  as  well  as  all  terms  for  the  various  functions  within  the  processes  of  conseiousness,  such  as  a^vajjana-citta,  sampaticchana,  santi^rana,  votthapana,  javana,  tada^rammana,  bhavanga,  cuti:  none  of  these  terms  is  found  in  the  Sutta  Canon.  except  javana,  in  Pts.M.  Even  in  the  Ahh.  Canon  (e.g.  Patth)  only  javana  and  bhavanga  are  twice  or  thrice  briefly  mentioned.  The  stages,  however,  must  have  been  more  or  less  known.  Cf.  e.g  Patth:  ””Cakkhu-vin~n~a^nam  tam  sampayuttaka^  ca  dhamma^  (=  cetasika^)  mano-dha^tuya^  (performing  the  sampaticchana-function),  tam  sampayuttaka^nan~  ca  dhamma^nam  (cetasika^nani)  anantara-paccayena  paccayo.  Mano-dha^tu  ...  manovin~n~a^na-dha^tuya  (performing  the  santi^rana  and  votthapana  function)....  Purima^  purima^  kusala^  dhamma^  (javana^)  pacchima^nam  pacchima^nam  kusala^nam  dhamma^nam  (javanacitta^nam)  anantara-paccayena  paccayo...  avya^kata^nam  dhamma^nam  (tada^rammana-  and  bhavanga-citta^nam....)."
cuti-citta:  s.  citta-vi^thi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【11】citta

  kamman~n~ata^,  °lahuta^,  °muduta^,  °pagun~n~ata^,  °passaddhi,  °ujukata^;  s.  Tab.  II.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【12】citta

  lahuta^,  -mudúta,  -kamman~n~ata^,  -pa^gun~n~ata^,  -ujukata^:  s.  lahuta^.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【13】kicca

”function”.  Regarding  the  14  functions  of  consciousness,  s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【14】nicca

  san~n~a^  (-citta,-ditthi):  perception  (or  consciousness,  or  view)  of  permanency,  is  one  of  the  4  perversions  (vipalla^sa,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【15】sacca

  ”Truth”.  -  1.  On  the  ”two  truths”,  conventional  and  ultimale,  see  paramattha.
2.”The  Four  Noble  Truths”  (ariya-sacca)  are  the  briefest  synthesis  of  the  entire  teachings  of  Buddhism,  since  all  those  manifold  doctrines  of  the  threefold  canon  are,  without  any  exception,  included  therein.  They  are:  the  truth  of  suffering,  of  the  origin  of  suffering,  of  the  extinction  of  suffering,  and  of  the  Eightfold  Path  leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering.
I.  The  1st  truth,  briefly  stated,  teaches  that  all  forms  of  existence  whatsoever  are  unsatisfactory  and  subject  to  suffering  (dukkha).
II.  The  2nd  truth  teaches  that  all  suffering,  and  all  rebirth,  is  produced  by  craving  (tanha^).
III.  The  3rd  truth  teaches  that  extinction  of  craving  necessarily  results  in  extinction  (nirodha)  of  rebirth  and  suffering,  i.e.  nibba^na  (q.v.).
IV.  The  4th  truth  of  the  Eightfold  Path  (magga)  indicates  the  means  by  which  this  extinction  is  attained.
The  stereotype  text  frequently  recurring  in  the  Sutta  Pitaka,  runs  as  follows:
I."But  what,  o  monks,  is  the  noble  truth  of  suffering?  Birth  is  suffering,  decay  is  suffering,  death  is  suffering;  sorrow,  lamentation,  pain,  grief  and  despair  are  suffering;  in  short,  the  5  groups  of  existence  connected  with  clinging  are  suffering  (cf.  dukkha,  dukkhata).
II.””But  what,  o  monks,  is  the  noble  truth  of  the  origin  of  suffering?  It  is  that  craving  which  gives  rise  to  fresh  rebirth  and,  bound  up  with  lust  and  greed,  now  here,  now  there,  finds  ever  fresh  delight.  It  is  the  sensual  craving  (ka^ma-tanha^),  the  craving  for  existence  (bhava-tanha^),  the  craving  for  non-existence  or  self-annihilation  (vibhava-tanha^).
III."But  what,  o  monks,  is  the  noble  truth  of  the  extinction  of  suffering?  It  is  the  complete  fading  away  and  extinction  of  this  craving,  its  forsaking  and  giving  up,  liberation  and  detachment  from  it.
IV."But  what,  o  monks,  is  the  noble  truth  of  the  path  leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering?  It  is  the  Noble  Eightfold  Path  (ariya-atthangika-magga)  that  leads  to  the  extinction  of  suffering,  namely:

1.  Right  view  (samma^-ditthi)2.  Right  thought  (samma^-sankappa) III.  Wisdom  (pan~n~a^)
3.  Right  speech  (samma^-va^ca^)4.  Right  action  (samma^-kammanta)5.  Right  livelihood  (sammd-djiva)   I.  Morality  (si^la)
6.  Right  effort  (samma^-va^ya^ma)7.  Right  mindfulness  (samma^-sati)8.  Right  concentration  (samma^-sama^dhi)   II.  Concentration  (sama^dhi)


1."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  view  (or  right  understanding)?  It  is  the  understanding  of  suffering,  of  the  origin  of  suffering,  of  the  extinction  of  suffering,  and  of  the  path  leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering.
2."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  thought?  It  is  a  mind  free  from  sensual  lust,  ill-will  and  cruelty.
3."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  speech?  Abstaining  from  lying,  tale-bearing,  harsh  words,  and  foolish  babble  (cf.  tiraccha^nakatha^).
4."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  action?  Abstaining  from  injuring  living  beings,  from  stealing  and  from  unlawful  sexual  intercourse  (s.  ka^mesu  miccha^ca^ra).
5."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  livelihood?  If  the  noble  disciple  rejects  a  wrong  living,  and  gains  his  living  by  means  of  right  livelihood  (s.  magga,  5).
6."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  effort?  If  the  disciple  rouses  his  will  to  avoid  the  arising  of  evil,  demeritorious  things  that  have  not  yet  arisen;...  if  he  rouses  his  will  to  overcome  the  evil,  demeritorious  things  that  have  already  arisen;...  if  he  rouses  his  will  to  produce  meritorious  things  that  have  not  yet  arisen;...  if  he  rouses  his  will  to  maintain  the  meritorious  things  that  have  already  arisen  and  not  to  let  them  disappear,  but  to  bring  them  to  growth,  to  maturity  and  to  the  full  perfection  of  development;  he  thus  makes  effort,  stirs  up  his  energy,  exerts  his  mind  and  strives  (s.  padha^na).
7."What  now,  o  monks  is  right  mindfulness?  If  the  disciple  dwells  in  contemplation  of  corporeality  ...  of  feeling  ...  of  mind  ...  of  the  mind-objects,  ardent,  clearly  conscious,  and  mindful  after  putting  away  worldly  greed  and  grief  (s.  satipattha^na).
8."What  now,  o  monks,  is  right  concentration?  If  the  disciple  is  detached  from  sensual  objects,  detached  from  unwholesome  things,  and  enters  into  the  first  absorption  ...  the  second  absorption  ...  the  third  absorption  ...  the  fourth  absorption"  (s.  jha^na).
In  the  Buddha”s  first  sermon,  the  Dhammacakkappavattana  Sutta,  it  is  said  that  the  first  truth  (suffering)  is  to  be  fully  understood;  the  second  truth  (craving)  to  be  abandoned;  the  third  truth  (Nibba^na)  to  be  realized;  the  fourth  truth  (the  path)  to  be  cultivated.
"The  truth  of  suffering  is  to  be  compared  with  a  disease,  the  truth  of  the  origin  of  suffering  with  the  cause  of  the  disease,  the  truth  of  extinction  of  suffering  with  the  cure  of  the  disease,  the  truth  of  the  path  with  the  medicine"  (Vis.M.  XVI).
In  the  ultimate  sense,  all  these  4  truths  are  to  be  considered  as  empty  of  a  self,  since  there  is  no  feeling  agent,  no  doer,  no  liberated  one.  no  one  who  follows  along  the  path.  Therefore  it  is  said:
”Mere  suffering  exists,  no  sufferer  is  found.
The  deed  is,  but  no  doer  of  the  deed  is  there.
Nibba^na  is,  but  not  the  man  that  enters  it.
The  path  is,  but  no  traveller  on  it  is  seen.

”The  first  truth  and  the  second  truth  are  empty
Of  permanency,  joy,  of  self  and  beauty;
The  Deathless  Realm  is  empty  of  an  ego,
And  free  from  permanency,  joy  and  self,  the  path.”
(Vis.M.  XVI)

It  must  be  pointed  out  that  the  first  truth  does  not  merely  refer  to  actual  suffering,  i.e.  to  suffering  as  feeling,  but  that  it  shows  that,  in  consequence  of  the  universal  law  of  impermanency,  all  the  phenomena  of  existence  whatsoever,  even  the  sublimest  states  of  existence,  are  subject  to  change  and  dissolution,  and  hence  are  miserable  and  unsatisfactory;  and  that  thus,  without  exception,  they  all  contain  in  themselves  the  germ  of  suffering.  Cf.  Guide,  p.  101f.
Regarding  the  true  nature  of  the  path,  s.  magga.
Literature:  Dhammacakkappavattana  Sutta  (in  WHEEL  17  and  BODHI  LEAVES);  M.  141;  Sacca-Samyutta  (S.  LVI);  Sacca  Vibhanga;  W.  of  B.;  Vis.M.  XVI:  The  Four  Noble  Truths  by  Francis  Story  (WHEEL  34/35);  The  Significance  of  the  4  Noble  Truths  by  V.  F.  Gunaratna  (WHEEL  123).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【16】space

  s.  a^ka^sa.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【17】access

  Moment  of:  s.  javana.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【18】action

  karma  (q.v.)  -  Right  bodily  a.:  samma^-kammanta;  s.  sacca  (IV.4)

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