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rise issa^ gnosis misery VAISYA WISDOM wisdom arising disease nissaya fatalism visuddhi existence vanishing abhisamaya BODHISATTA Bodhisatta few wishes patisandhi BODHISATTVA dissolution dispensation dissociation dry visioned FIVE WISDOMS patisandhika petti visaya purisindriya THREE WISDOM 佛教(Buddhism) 鐵薩羅(Tissara) abhisankha^ra BHAISAJYAGURU disappearance higher wisdom patisambhida^ patisankha^na THREE POISONS 迦膩色迦(Kaniska) altruistic joy citta visuddhi foolish babble visible object characteristics ditthi visuddhi misapprehension nihilistic view nissaya paccaya tranquilisation nissaya nissita adhisi^la sikkha^ disinterestedness nissarana paha^na non disappearance pa^risuddhi si^la pakati upanissaya 叁學(tisrah siksah) ahetu patisandhika cycle of existence upanissaya paccaya wheel of existence yoniso manasika^ra ANUPADISESA-NIBBANA attha patisambhida^ discursive thinking maha^purisa vitakka one group existence red kasina exercise 阿底峽(Atisa 982~1054) 清淨道論(Visuddhimagga) dhamma patisambhida^ ditthi nissita si^la five group existence four group existence MANJUSRI BODHISATTVA pun~n~a^bhisankha^ra SA-UPADISESA-NIBBANA tanha^ nissita si^la ti hetu patisandhika 榮西(Eisai 1141~1215) anupa^disesa nibba^na apun~n~a^bhisankha^ra dvi hetuka patisandhi ninefold dispensation nirutti patisambhida^ visesa bha^giya si^la 朝鮮佛教(Korean Buddhism) 印度佛教(Indian Buddhism) abhisama^ca^rika si^la catu pa^risuddhi si^la FOUR GREAT BODHISATTVA n~a^nadassana visuddhi resistance perceptions sa upa^disesa nibba^na substrata of existence 中國佛教(Chinese Buddhism) patinissagga^nupassana^ sabbúpadhi patinissagga SIX STATES OF EXISTENCE VISVABHADRA BODHISATTVA 大乘佛教(Mahayana Byddhism) 日本佛教(Japanese Buddhism) paccaya sannissita si^la patibha^na patisambhida^ 部派佛部(Sectarian Buddhism) 尼泊爾佛教(Nepalese Buddhism) 原始佛教(primitive Buddhism) a^ji^va pa^risuddhi si^la kankha^ vitarana visuddhi pa^risuddhi padha^niyanga registering consciousness SAMANTABHADRA BODHISATTVA support decisive support TEN STAGES OF BODHISATTVA vanishing and reappearing 佛教文學(Buddhist literature) analysis of the 4 elements happy courses of existence impersonality of existence 越南佛教(Vietnamese Buddhism) PURE LAND OF ULTIMATE BLISS 佛教建築(Buddhist architecture) patisankha^nupassana^ n~a^na 菩薩戒本(Bodhisattva-pratimoksa) 斯裏蘭卡佛教(Buddhism in Sri Lanka) 中國佛教美術(Buddhist art in China) THREE UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS 鈴木大拙(Suzuki Daisetsu 1870~1966) 中國佛教音樂(Buddhist music in China) patipada^ n~a^nadassana visuddhi FOUR ASPECTS (OF BUDDHIST DHARMA) magga^magga n~a^nadassana visuddhi 東南亞佛教(Buddhism in South East Asia) EIGHT DIVISIONS OF GODS AND DRAGONS 中國佛學院(The Chinese Buddhist Academy) 歐美佛教(Buddhism in America and Europe) a^rammana^dhipati a^rammanupanissaya FOUR WAYS (OF LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) TEN GREAT DISCIPLES OF SKAKYAMUNI BUDDHA 中國佛教協會(The Buddhist Association of China) FOUR RELIANCE (TO LEARNING BUDDHIST DHARMA) 國際佛教研究協會(The International Association of Buddhist Studies) ▲ 收起
南傳佛教英文辭典 【1】rise

  and  fall  (of  phenomena):  the  knowledge  consisting  in  the  contemplation  of  r.  and  f.,  s.  visuddhi  VI,  1.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【2】issa^

  ”envy”,  is  a  karmically  unwholesome  (akusala)  mental  factor,  which  is  occasionally  associated  with  hate-rooted  consciousness  (s.  Tab.  I.  30,  31,).  Explained  in  Pug.  55.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【3】gnosis

  s.  indriya  (21).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【4】misery

  contemplation  of:  dukkha^nupassana^;  s.  ti-lakkhana.

英漢對照詞典 【5】VAISYA

Vaisya  ==  吠舍

the  third  of  the  four  Indian  Castes  at  the  time  of  Shakyamuni.  They  were  merchant,  entrepreneurs,  traders,  farmers,  manufacturers,  etc.,  but  not  well-educated.

英漢對照詞典 【6】WISDOM

Wisdom  ==  智慧

the  highest  of  Paramita;  the  virtue  of  wisdom  as  the  principal  means  of  attaining  Nirvana.  It  connotes  a  knowledge  of  the  illusory  character  of  everything  earthly,  and  destroys  error,  ignorance,  prejudice  and  heresy.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【7】wisdom

  pan~n~a^  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【8】arising

  and  vanishing  (of  things).  The  knowledge  consisting  in  the  contemplation  of;  s.  visuddhi  (VI.  1.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【9】disease

  one  of  the  ”divine  messengers”  (deva-dúta,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【10】nissaya

  ”foundation”.  The  2  wrong  foundations  of  morality  are  craving  (tanha^-nissaya)  and  views  (ditthi-nissaya).  Hence  there  are  two  wrong  bases  of  morality:  morality  based  on  craving  (tanha^-nissita-si^la)  and  morality  based  on  views  (ditthi-nissita-si^la).  (App.)
"”Based  on  craving”  is  that  kind  of  morality  which  has  come  about  by  the  desire  for  a  happy  existence,  e.g.:  ”O  that  by  this  morality  I  might  become  a  godlike  or  heavenly  being!”  (A.IX,  172).”Based  on  views”  is  that  morality  which  has  been  induced  by  the  view  that  through  the  observation  of  certain  moral  rules  purification  may  be  attained"  (Vis.M.  I).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【11】fatalism

  s.  ditthi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【12】visuddhi

  ”purification”,  purity.  The  ”7  stages  of  purification”  (satta-visuddhi)  form  the  substructure  of  Upatissa”s  Vimutti-Magga  (The  Path  To  Freedom),  preserved  only  in  Chinese,  as  well  as  of  Buddhaghosa”s  monumental  work,  Visuddhi-Magga  (The  Path  of  Purification),  based  on  the  former  work.
The  only  place  in  the  Canon  where  these  7  kinds  of  purification  are  mentioned  is  M.  24,  "The  Simile  of  the  Stage-coach"  (s.”Path”,  §64),  wherein  their  purpose  and  goal  are  illustrated.  There  it  is  said  that  the  real  and  ultimate  goal  does  not  consist  in  purification  of  morality,  or  of  mind,  or  of  view,  etc.,  but  in  total  deliverance  and  extinction.  Now,  just  as  one  mounts  the  first  coach  and  travels  to  the  second  coach,  then  mounts  the  second  coach  and  travels  with  it  to  the  third  coach,  etc.,  in  exactly  the  same  way  the  goal  of  (I)  the  purification  of  morality  (sila-visuddhi)  is  (II)  the  purification  of  mind  (citta-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (III)  the  purification  of  view  (ditthi-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (IV)  the  purification  by  overcoming  doubt  (kankha^vitarana-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (V)  the  purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  what  is  path  and  not-path  (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (VI)  the  purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress  (patipada^-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi);  its  goal:  (VII)  the  purification  of  knowledge  and  vision  (n~a^nadassana-visuddhi);  but  the  goal  of  this  purification  is  deliverance  freed  from  all  clinging.
(I)  "Purification  of  morality  (si^la-visuddhi)  consists  of  the  4-fold  purity  of  morality  (catu-pa^risuddhi-si^la),  namely:  restraint  with  regard  to  the  Disciplinary  Code  (pa^timokkhasamvara-si^la),  sense-restraint  (indriysamvara-si^la),  purity  of  livelihood  (a^ji^vapa^risuddhi-si^la),  morality  with  regard  to  the  4  requisites  (paccaya-sannissita-si^la)"  (Vis.M.  XVIII).  On  these  4  terms,  s.  si^la.  -  In  the  case  of  a  layman,  it  entails  the  observance  of  whatever  moral  rules  (5  or  more)  he  has  taken  upon  himself.
(II)  "Purification  of  mind  (citta-visuddhi)  is  a  name  for  the  8  attainments  (=  absorptions:  jha^na,  q.v.),  as  well  as  for  neighbourhood-concentration  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi;  s.  sama^dhi)."  (ib.).
(III)  "By  purification  of  view  (ditthi-visuddhi)  is  meant  the  understanding,  according  to  reality,  of  mind  and  corporeality  (na^marúpa,  q.v.)...  which  is  founded  on  undeludedness  (wisdom)  as  base,  and  which  in  manifold  ways  determines  mind  and  corporeality  after  overcoming  all  belief  in  a  persollality  (atta^:  self,  ego.)."  (ib.).
(IV)  "By  purification  by  overcoming  doubt  (kankha^-vitarana-visuddhi)  is  meant  the  understanding  which,  by  grasping  the  conditions  of  this  mind  and  corporeality,  has  escaped  from  all  doubt  with  regard  to  the  3  times  (past,  present,  future)."  (ib.  XIX)
(V)  "By  purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  what  is  path  and  not-path  (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi)  is  meant  that  understanding  which  knows  the  right  path  from  the  wrong  path:  ”This  is  the  right  path,  that  the  wrong  path.”"  (ib.  XX)
In  order  to  attain  this  5th  stage  of  purification,  one  at  first  should  develop  methodical  insight  (naya-vipassana^),  i.e.  through  contemplation  of  the  5  groups  of  existence  (khandha,  q.v.).  For  whosoever  does  not  yet  possess  a  perfectly  developed  insight,  to  him  such  phenomena  as  effulgence  of  light,  etc.  (see  below),  arising  during  insight,  may  become  impediments  in  the  3  kinds  of  full  understanding  here  considered  (s.  parin~n~a^).
”As  soon  as  the  manifold  ways  and  characteristics  of  the  4  Truths  (sacca)  and  the  dependent  origination  (paticcasamuppa^da)  have  become  clear  to  the  meditating  disciple,  he  says  to  himself:  Thus  do  these  things  never  before  arisen  arise,  and  having  arisen  they  disappear  again.  Thus  do  the  formations  of  existence  ever  and  again  arise  as  something  quite  new.  But  not  only  are  they  something  new,  they  are  moreover  also  of  limited  duration,  like  a  dew-drop  at  sunrise,  like  a  bubble,  like  a  line  drawn  with  a  stick  in  the  water,  like  a  mustard  seed  placed  on  the  point  of  an  arrow,  or  like  a  flash  of  lightning.  Also  as  something  unsubstantial  and  empty  do  they  appear,  as  jugglery,  as  a  mirage  ....  Merely  something  subject  to  vanishing  arises,  and  having  arisen  disappears  again.”"
During  such  insight  practice,  however,  may  arise  the  10  imperfections  (or  defilements)  of  insight  (vipassanúpakkilesa):  effulgence  of  light  (obha^sa),  knowledge  (n~a^na),  rapture  (pi^ti),  tranquillity  (passaddhi),  happiness  (sukha),  determination  (adhimokkha),  energy  (paggaha),  awareness  (upattha^na),  delight  (nikanti).  -  See  Vis.M.  XX,  105f.  (App.).
Excepting  the  last  one,  ”delight”,  they  are  not  imperfections  or  defilements  in  themselves,  but  may  become  a  basis  for  them  through  the  arising  of  pride  or  delight  or  by  a  wrong  conclusion  that  one  of  the  holy  paths  has  been  attained.  He,  however,  who  is  watchful  and  experienced  in  insight  practice,  will  know  that  these  states  of  mind  do  not  indicate  attainment  of  the  true  path,  but  are  only  symptoms  or  concomitants  of  insight  meditation.
"Thus  far  the  meditating  disciple  has  determined  3  of  the  truths,  namely  while  determining  the  corporeal  and  mental  phenomena  he  has,  through  purification  of  view  (ditthi-visuddhi),  determined  the  ”truth  of  suffering”.  While  grasping  the  conditions  he  has,  through  purification  by  overcoming  doubt  (kankha^-vitarana-visuddhi),  determined  the  ”truth  of  the  origin  of  suffering”.  While  determining  the  right  path,  he  has,  through  purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  what  is  path  and  not-path  (magga^magga-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi),  determined  the  ”truth  of  the  path”  (leading  to  the  extinction  of  suffering)."
(VI)  Purification  by  knowledge  and  vision  of  the  path-progress  (patipada^-n~a^nadassana-visuddhi)  is  the  insight  perfected  in  8  kinds  of  knowledge,  together  with  the  9th  knowledge,  the  ”knowledge  adapting  itself  to  truth”.
By  the  8  kinds  of  knowledge  are  here  meant  the  following,  which  are  freed  from  defilements,  follow  the  right  process,  and  are  considered  as  insight,  namely:

1.  knowledge  consisting  in  contemplation  of  rise  and  fall  (udayabbaya^nupassana^-n~a^na),
2.  in  contemplation  of  dissolution  (bhanga^nupassana^-n~a^na),
3.  in  awareness  of  terror  (or  the  fearful)  (bhayatúpattha^na^-n~a^na),
4.  in  contemplation  of  misery  (a^di^nava^nupassana^-n~a^na),
5.  in  contemplation  of  aversion  (nibbida^nupassana^-n~a^na),
6.  in  the  desire  for  deliverance  (muccitu-kamyata^-n~a^na),
7.  in  reflecting  contemplation  (patisankha^nupassana^-n~a^na),
8.  in  equanimity  regarding  all  formations  of  existence  (sankha^rupekkha^-n~a^na)  -  which  is  followed  by
9.  in  adaptation  to  truth  (sacca^nulomika-n~a^na).

(1)  consists  in  the  meditative  observation  of  the  3  characteristics  of  existence  (impermanence,  suffering,  no  self)  in  one”s  own  bodily  and  mental  processes.  As  long  as  the  mind  is  still  disturbed  by  the  10  imperfections  (s.  V),  the  3  characteristics  will  not  become  fully  clear  in  their  true  nature.  Only  when  the  mind  is  free  from  these  imperfections  can  the  characteristics  be  observed  clearly.
(2)  When  through  such  repeated  practice,  knowledge  and  mindfulness  have  grown  keen  and  the  bodily  and  mental  formations  become  apparent  quickly,  at  that  stage  the  phase  of  dissolution  of  these  formations  will  become  prominent.
"Consciousness  with  (e.g.)  materiality  as  its  object  arises  and  dissolves.  Having  reflected  on  that  object,  he  contemplates  the  dissolution  of  (reflecting)  consciousness."  (Pts.M.  I,  57,  quoted  in  Vis.M.  XXI,  11).
The  8  blessings  of  this  knowledge  are:  abandoning  the  belief  in  eternal  existence  (bhava-ditthi),  giving  up  attachment  to  life,  constant  right  application  (of  mind  to  meditative  endeavour),  a  purified  livelihood,  overcoming  of  anxiety,  absence  of  fear,  acquisition  of  forbearance  and  gentleness,  conquest  of  discontent  and  sensual  delight  (Vis.M.  XXI,  28).
(3)  Knowledge  consisting  in  awareness  of  terror  (or  fearfulness)  is  the  seeing  of  terror  in  the  conditions  as  well  as  the  continuity  of  existence.  For  whoso  considers  the  formations  as  impermanent,  to  him  the  conditions  of  existence  (i.e.  the  karma-formations  producing  ever  new  existence)  appear  as  terror,  as  driving  towards  death.  Whoso  considers  the  formations  as  misery,  to  him  the  continuity  of  existence  appears  as  terror,  as  something  oppressive.  Whoso  considers  the  formations  as  impersonal,  to  him  the  karmaformations,  as  well  as  the  continuity  of  existence,  appear  as  terror,  as  an  empty  village,  as  a  mirage,  etc.
(4)  Contemplation  of  misery  (or  danger)  is  another  aspect  of  the  awareness  of  terror:  "The  origin  (of  existence)  is  terror  ...  continuance  of  existence  is  terror  ...  arising  is  suffering”,  such  understanding  in  the  awareness  of  terror  is  the  knowledge  of  misery.”Non-arising  is  bliss”,  this  is  knowledge  of  the  peaceful  state  (Pts.M.  I,  59);  that  is,  the  no-more-arising  is  safety,  is  happiness,  is  Nibba^na.
(5)  Contemplation  of  aversion  means:  aversion  for  all  formations  as  terror,  therefore  its  name  ”awareness  of  terror”  has  come  into  use.  Because  it  has  made  known  the  misery  of  all  these  formations,  therefore  it  has  received  the  name  of  ”contemplation  of  misery”  (a^di^nava^nupassana^).  Because  it  has  arisen  through  aversion  for  those  formations,  therefore  it  is  known  as  ”contemplation  of  aversion”  (nibbida^nupassana^).
(6)  Knowledge  consisting  in  the  desire  for  deliverance  means:  the  desire  for  freedom  and  escape  from  all  formations  of  existence..  For  feeling  aversion  for  all  formations,  becoming  weary  of  them,  finding  no  more  delight  in  them,  the  mind  does  not  cling  to  a  single  one  of  all  these  formations.
(7)  Reflecting  contemplation  is  the  repeated  meditative  discernment  of  the  formations  of  existence,  attributing  to  them  the  3  characteristics  of  existence,  with  the  desire  to  find  deliverance  from  all  forms  of  existence.
(8)  Equanimity  regarding  all  formations:  "When  the  meditator  (through  reflecting  contemplation)  has  discerned  the  formations  by  applying  the  3  characteristics  to  them  and  sees  them  as  void,  he  abandons  both  terror  and  delight,  and  becomes  indifferent  and  equanimous  with  regard  to  all  formations;  he  neither  takes  them  as  I  nor  as  ”mine”;  he  is  like  a  man  who  has  divorced  his  wife"  (Vis.M.  XXI,  61).
Now,  while  continuing  to  contemplate  the  3  characteristics  of  existence  and  perceiving  the  tranquil  lot  of  Nibba^na  as  the  peace,  this  equanimity-knowledge  becomes  the  triple  gateway  to  liberation.  As  it  is  said  (Pts.M.  II,  p.  48):
"Three  gateways  to  liberation  (vimokkha-mukha;  s.  vimokkha  I)  lead  to  escape  from  the  world,  namely:  that  the  mind  is  contemplating  all  formations  as  limited,  and  is  rushing  forward  to  the  conditionless  element  (animitta-dha^tu);  that  the  mind  is  stirred  with  regard  to  all  formations  of  existence,  and  is  rushing  forward  to  the  desireless  element  (appanihita-dha^tu);  that  the  mind  sees  all  things  as  something  foreign,  and  is  rushing  forward  to  the  void  element  (sun~n~ata^-dha^tu)."
At  this  stage,  and  through  the  triple  gateway,  the  diversification  of  path  attainment  takes  place,  according  to  the  7  kinds  of  noble  persons  (ariya-puggala,  q.v.);  on  this  see  Vis.M.  XXI,  74ff.
The  6th,  7th  and  8th  knowledges,  according  to  Vis.M.  XXI,  form  really  only  one  single  knowledge  in  its  first,  middle  and  final  stages  of  development.  This  knowledge  is  also  known  as  the  ”insight  leading  to  path  ascent”  (vuttha^na-ga^mini^-vipassana^,  q.v.).
(9)  Adaptation  to  truth  (or  conformity  with  truth)  is  called  that  knowledge  which,  while  contemplating  impermanency,  etc.  adapts  itself  to  the  preceding  8  kinds  of  insight-knowledge,  as  well  as  to  the  immediately  following  supermundane  path  and  to  the  37  elements  pertaining  to  enlightenment  (bodhipakkhiya-dhamma,  q.v.).  It  is  identical  with  adaptation-knowledge  (anuloman~a^na).
"Whosoever  has  cultivated,  developed,  and  frequently  practised  ”equanimity  regarding  all  formations”  in  him  arises  very  strong  faith  known  as  determination  (adhimokkha-saddha^)  and  his  energy  is  better  exerted,  his  mindfulness  better  established,  his  mind  better  concentrated,  and  a  still  stronger  ”equanimity  regarding  the  formations”  arises.”Now  the  path  will  reveal  itself”,  thus  thinking,  the  meditator  contemplates  with  his  equanimity-knowledge  all  formations  as  impermanent,  etc.,  and  thereafter  that  knowledge  sinks  into  the  subconscious  stream  of  existence  (s.  bhavanga-sota^).  Immediately  afterwards  there  arises  advertence  at  the  mind-door  (s.  vin~n~a^na-kicca).  And  just  like  equanimity-knowledge,  the  adaptation-knowledge,  too,  takes  as  its  object  the  formations,  regarding  them  as  something  impermanent,  miserable  and  impersonal.  Thereupon,  while  continuing  the  uninterrupted  continuity  of  consciousness  (citta-santati),  there  arises  the  1st  impulsive  moment  (javana,  q.v.),  called  ”preparation”  (parikamma),  taking  the  same  formations  as  object.  Immediately  thereafter,  with  the  same  formations  as  object,  there  arises  the  2nd  impulsive  moment,  known  as  ”access”  (upaca^ra).  And  again  immediately  after  that,  there  arises  the  impulsive  moment  called  ”adaptation”  (anuloma)."
(VII)  Purification  of  knowledge  and  vision  (n~a^nadassana-visuddhi)  is  the  knowledge  associated  with  any  of  the  4  kinds  of  supermundane  path-consciousness  (s.  ariyapuggala).
"Immediately  upon  this  adaptation-knowledge  there  arises  the  ”maturity-knowlege”  (gotrabhú-n~a^na;  s.  gotrabhú)  taking  as  object  the  Unconditioned,  the  standstill  of  existence,  the  absence  of  becoming,  cessation,  Nibba^na,  while  at  the  same  time  transcending  the  rank  (gotta  =  gotra:  lineage),  designation  and  plane  of  the  worldling  (puthujjana,  q.v.),  and  entering  the  rank,  designation  and  plane  of  the  Noble  Ones  (ariya),  being  the  first  turning  towards  Nibba^na  as  object,  the  first  thinking  of  it,  the  first  concentration  on  it,  and  the  condition  for  the  path  ...  forming  the  culmination  of  insight,  and  never  as  such  coming  back  again.
””As  the  immediate  continuation  following  upon  that  maturity  knowledge  (gotrabhú-n~a^na),  there  arises  the  first  path-consciousness  (Stream-entrance)  forever  destroying  the  first  3  of  the  10  fetters  of  existence  (samyojana,  q.v.),  and  closing  the  entrance  to  the  lower  worlds.  Immediately  after  this  path-knowledge,  there  arise,  as  its  result,  2  or  3  path-produced  states  of  consciousness,  the  fruitional  consciousness  (phala-citta).  Immediately  after  the  sinking  of  this  consciousness  into  the  subconscious  stream  of  existence,  the  retrospective  knowledge  (paccavekkhana-n~a^na,  q.v.)  arises,  having  the  path-consciousness  as  its  object"  (Vis.M.  XXI).  For  the  3  higher  paths,  s.  ariya-puggala.
Each  of  the  4  kinds  of  path-consciousness  performs  at  the  one  and  the  same  time  4  functions,  namely:  the  function  of  full  understanding  (parin~n~a^,  q.v.)  of  suffering,  the  function  of  overcoming  (paha^na,  q.v.)  the  origin  of  suffering,  the  function  of  realizing  (sacchikiriya^)  the  extinction  of  suffering,  the  function  of  developing  (bha^vana^,  q.v.)  the  supermundane  Noble  Eightfold  Path  (magga,  q.v.).
See  Path  of  Purification,  by  Buddhaghosa,  tr.  by  n~yanamoli  (BPS);  Path  of  Freedom,  by  Upatissa  (BPS).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【13】existence

  bhava  (q.v.)  -  The  5  groups  of  e.:  khandha  (q.v.)  -  The  4  substrata  of  e.:  upadhi  (q.v.).  -  Courses  of  e.:  gati  (q.v.).  -  Wheel  of  e.:  samsa^ra  (q.v.).  -  Craving  for  e.:  bhava-tanha^;  s.  tanha^;  -  The  3  characteristics  of  e.:  ti-lakkhana  (q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【14】vanishing

  Contemplation  of:  vaya^nupassana^,  is  one  of  the  18  chief  kinds  of  insight  (vipassa^na,  q.v.).

南傳佛教英文辭典 【15】abhisamaya

  ”truth-realization”,  ...
is  the  full  and  direct  grasp  of  the  Four  Noble  Truths  by  the  Stream-winner  (Sota^panna;  s.  ariya-puggala).
In  the  Com.  the  term  is  represented  by  ”penetration”  (pativedha,  q.v.).  Frequently  occurring  as  dhamma^bhisamaya,  ”realization  of  the  doctrine”
Cf.  S.  XIII  (Abhisamaya  Samyutta)  and  Pts.M.  (Abhisamaya  Katha^).

英漢對照詞典 【16】BODHISATTA

bodhisatta  ==  菩薩

南傳佛教英文辭典 【17】Bodhisatta

  ”Enlightenment  Being”,  is  a  being  destined  to  Buddhahood,  a  future  Buddha.  According  to  the  traditional  belief  a  Bodhisatta,  before  reaching  his  last  birth  as  a  Buddha  on  this  earth,  is  living  in  the  Tusita-heaven  (s.  deva),  the  heaven  of  bliss.  Cf.  A.  IV,  127;  VIII,  70.
In  the  Pa^li  Canon  and  commentaries,  the  designation  ”Bodhisatta”  is  given  only  to  Prince  Siddhattha  before  his  enlightenment  and  to  his  former  existences.  The  Buddha  himself  uses  this  term  when  speaking  of  his  life  prior  to  enlightenment  (e.g.  M.  4,  M.  26).  Bodhisattahood  is  neither  mentioned  nor  recommended  as  an  ideal  higher  than  or  alternative  to  Arahatship;  nor  is  there  any  record  in  the  Pa^li  scriptures  of  a  disciple  declaring  it  as  his  aspiration.  -  See  bodhi.

南傳佛教英文辭典 【18】few wishes

  s.  appicchata^.

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