temperature, heat, is identical with the heat-element (tejodha^tu, q.v.).
samuttha^na (- utuja)-rúpa: ”corporeality produced by temperature”; s. samuttha^na.
maha^ra^jika deva a class of heavenly beings of the sensuous sphere; s. deva.
”cause”, condition, reason; (Abhidhamma) root-condition. In sutta usage it is almost synonymous with paccaya, ”condition”, and often occurs together with it (”What is the cause, what is the condition”, ko hetu ko paccayo).
In Abhidhamma, it denotes the wholesome and unwholesome roots (múla, q.v.). In that sense, as ”root-condition” (hetu-paccaya; s. paccaya), it is the first of the 24 conditions given in the introduction to the Pattha^na (s. Guide, p. 117). The Dhs (1052-1082) and Pattha^na (Duka-patth; Guide, p. 144) have sections on roots (hetu). - The term is also used (a) for the classification of consciousness, as sa-hetuka and a-hetuka, with and without concomitant root-conditions; (b) for a division of rebirth consciousness into ahetuka, dvihetuka and tihetuka, without, with 2, or with 3 root-conditions (s. patisandhi).
Ahetuka-ditthi, the false view of the uncausedness of existence; s. ditthi.
s. ra^ga.
Rupa == 色
see Matter or Five Skandhas.
s. kala^pa, rúpa-kala^pa.
Asura == 阿修羅
It is a peculiar path in the Six Paths. In terms of material enjoyment and psychic power, it is similar to Deva. However, in some aspects, it is even worse than Human Path. The male Asura is extremely ugly and furious, and always fight with each other. The female Asura is as beautiful as an angel. They are proud of themselves, thus reluctant to learn and practice Buddhism.
”demons”, titans, evil ghosts, inhabiting one of the lower worlds (apa^ya, q.v.).
cf. paccaya (1). - For the five c. of existence, s. paticca-samuppa^da (10).
skeptical: vicikiccha^ (q.v.), kankha^ (q.v.).
dhamma ”liable to perturbation”, is one who has not yet attained full mastery over the absorptions. In Pug. 3 it is said: "What person is liable to perturbation? Such a person gains the attainments of the fine-material and immaterial sphere (s. avacara). But he does not gain them at his wish, nor without toil and exertion; and not at his wish as regards place, object and duration, does he enter them or arise from them. Thus it is well possible that in case of such a person, through negligence, the attainments will become perturbed. This person is liable to perturbation."
and ritual, clinging to mere: (s. samyojana, upa^da^na).
Stupa == 塔
It refers to a place where the Buddha”s true body resides.
kinha (or-kinna): s. deva, II.
Sudra == 首陀羅
the lowest of the four Indian Castes at the time of Shakyamuni. They were peasants, slaves and serfs.
pleasant, happy; happiness, pleasure, joy, bliss. It is one of the three feelings (s. vedana^) and may be either bodily or mental. The texts distinguish between the happiness of the senses and the h. of renunciation (A. II), worldly (carnal; sa^misa) and unworldly (non-carnal; nira^misa) happiness (M. 10). See A. II, ch. VIII. - Happiness is an indispensable condition for attaining concentration of mind (sama^dhi, q.v.), and therefore it is one of the 5 factors (or constituents) of the 1st absorption (jha^nanga; s. jha^na) and is present up to the 3rd absorption inclusively."The mind of the happy one has concentration as its fruit and reward" (A.X,1). - "In him who is filled with happiness, right concentration has found a foundation" (A.X,3).
Sutra == 經
It is a "path" necessarily passed through in the cultivation of the Way.