What are the main teachings of the Buddha

　　All of the many teachings of the Buddha center on the Four Noble Truths just as the rim and spokes of a wheel center on the hub. They are called ”Four” because there are four of them. They are called ”Noble” because they ennoble one who understands them and they are called ”Truths” because, corresponding with reality, they are true.

　　What is the First Noble Truth

　　The First Noble Truth is that life is suffering. To live, you must suffer. It is impossible to live without experiencing some kind of suffering. We have to endure physical suffering like sickness, injury, tiredness, old age and eventually death and we have to endure psychological suffering like loneliness, frustrations, fear, embarrassment, disappointment, anger, etc.

　　Isn”t this a bit pessimistic

　　The dictionary defines pessimism as ”the habit of thinking that whatever will happen will be bad,” or ”The belief that evil is more powerful than good.” Buddhism teaches neither of these ideas. Nor does it deny that happiness exists. It simply says that to live is to experience physical and psychological suffering which is a statement so true and so obvious that it cannot be denied. The central concept of most religions is a myth, a legend or a belief that is difficult or impossible to verify. Buddhism starts with an experience, an irrefutable fact, a thing that all know, that all have experienced and that all are striving to overcome. Thus Buddhism is the only truly universal religion because it goes right to the core of every inpidual human being”s concern - suffering and how to avoid it.

　　What is the Second Noble truth

　　The Second Noble Truth is that all suffering is caused by craving. When we look at psychological suffering, it is easy to see how it is caused by craving. When we want something but are unable to get it, we feel frustrated. When we expect someone to live up to our expectation and they do not, we feel let down and disappointed. When we want others to like us and they don”t, we feel hurt. Even when we want something and are able to get it, this does not often lead to happiness either because it is not long before we feel bored with that thing, lose interest in it and commence to want something else. Put simply, the Second Noble Truth says that getting what you want does not guarantee happiness. Rather than constantly struggling to get what you want, try to modify your wanting. Wanting deprives us of contentment and happiness.

　　But how does wanting and craving lead to physical suffering

　　A lifetime wanting and craving for this and that and especially the craving to continue to exist creates a powerful energy that causes the inpidual to be reborn. When we are reborn, we have a body and, as we said before, the body is susceptible to injury and disease; it can be exhausted by work; it ages and eventually dies. Thus, craving leads to physical suffering because it causes us to be reborn.

　　That”s all very well. But if we stopped wanting altogether, we would never get or achieve anything.

　　True. But what the Buddha says is that when our desires, our craving, our constant discontent with what we have, and our continual longing for more and more does cause us suffering, then we should stop doing it. He asks us to make a difference between what we need and what we want and to strive for our needs and modify our wants. He tells us that our needs can be fulfilled but that our wants are endless - a bottomless pit. There are needs that are essential, fundamental and that can be obtained and this we should work towards. Desires beyond this should be gradually lessened. After all, what is the purpose of life

　　 To get or to be content and happy.

　　You have talked about rebirth, but is there any proof that such a …

《Basic Buddhist Concepts》全文未完，请进入下页继续阅读…