..续本文上一页sdom that is capable of fathoming what is visible and invisible, the eye of wisdom that sees what is hidden and what will arise.

　　(9) The memory of previous lives: A Buddha remembers past lives, what they were, and what was achieved.

　　(10) Peace is the experience of cessation of kleshas, those pulling emotions that usually govern an unmanageable mind.

　　The four types of fearlessness

　　Due to those (ten strengths), there are the four fearlessnesses:

　　(1) teaching that one abides in enlightenment, within all phenomena,

　　(2) teaching the path,

　　(3) teaching cessation, and (4) being beyond dispute.

　　The four types of fearlessness are compared to that of a courageous lion, the reason why the Buddha is often depicted seated on a lion”s throne. The lion”s throne symbolizes the presence of the straight, reasonable, and true that lead to courage of the four types of fearlessness.

　　Fearlessness in benefiting oneself

　　(1) Teaching that one abides in enlightenment, within all phenomena, means not being afraid of looking at oneself, i.e., one is fearless about looking at and working on eliminating one”s own misgivings and ill will and one is fearless about developing and increasing one”s virtues and values of worth. This fearlessness is called “appreciation of the benefit of elimination and realization,” in Tibetan, chos-thams-cad-mngon-par-rdzog-par-byang-chub-pa-la-mi”-jigs-pa. According to Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye”s commentary, it means “enlightenment within the expanse of phenomena or dharmas,” which is dharmadhatu. This term is however also interpreted as “the fearlessness of complete enlightenment in relation to all dharmas or to the knowledge of all dharmas.”

　　Fearlessness in benefiting others

　　(2) Teaching the path to others by not being balked by the dualism of selfishness and duty. The Tibetan is zag-pa-thams-cad-zad-par-mkhyen-pa-la-mi”-jigs-pa and translates as “fearlessness due to the knowledge of the cessation within oneself of all evil, misery, or anything negative.”

　　(3) Teaching cessation means teaching others how to achieve the wonderful results. It is never the case that a Buddha is listless, perplexed, or thinks that all hardships were, are, or could be in vain. The second aspect of fearlessness in benefiting others is invoking and guiding pupils not to give in to hindrances and impediments from day to day. The Tibetan is bar-du-gcod-pa”i-chos-rnam-gzhen-du-mi”-gyur-bar-nges-pa”i-lung-gsten-pa-la-mi”-jigs-pa, translated as “fearlessness in regards to the changeless, certain pronouncement to others of what is an obstacle.”

　　(4) Being beyond dispute. Through setting an example and through reasoning, a Buddha can reliably teach his pupils how to pass through troubles that do arise while practicing the way. The Tibetan is “gyur-bar-nges-par-“byung-ba”i-lam-de-bzhin-du-“gyur-ba-la-mi”-jigs-pa and means “fearlessness due to the definite results from the path.”

　　The eighteen distinct qualities of a Buddha only

　　His Holiness the Third Karmapa wrote,

　　Due to those causes there are these eighteen (distinct) qualities:

　　(1) no error,

　　(2) no empty chatter,

　　(3) no forgetfulness,

　　(4) continuous meditation,

　　(5) the absence of a variety of identifications,

　　(6) the absence of an undiscriminating neutrality,

　　(7) the possession of an undeteriorating aspiration,

　　(8) diligence,

　　(9) mindfulness,

　　(10) samadhi,

　　(11) prajna,

　　(12) the wisdom that sees complete liberation,

　　(13)-(15) every action being preceded by wisdom,

　　and (16)-(18) time being unable to obscure.

　　If those thirty-two (qualities) are possessed, there is the dharmakaya.

　　The eighteen distinct qualities of a Buddha only are said to be distinct because they are the marvellous and rare qualities that only a Buddha has; they are not those of Shravakas or Pratyekabuddhas…

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