..续本文上一页ey fight each other; if the bird that has seized the lump of flesh, does not yield it, it may meet death or deadly pain from the beaks and claws of the other birds. Similarly, the sense-desires are common to many (bahusaadhaara.na), i.e., the same sense objects may be claimed by many and may become the cause of deadly conflict.

　　(3) A torch of straw carried against the wind may cause severe burns to the careless man if not quickly discarded. Similarly, sense-desires will severely burn (anudahana) i.e., greatly harm him who thoughtlessly, and unaware of the great danger, partakes of them in the belief that they will bring light and joy to his life.

　　(4) A pit of burning coals towards which a man is dragged by others; if he cannot free himself from the grip, he will be thrown into the fire and consumed by it. Similarly, sense-desires are like a vast conflagration (maha-bhitaapa) into which the victim is dragged by bad company, or by his own deeds, causing his rebirth in miserable states of woe.

　　(5) A dream of a beautiful landscape that vanishes on awakening. Similarly, sense-desires are a brief illusion (ittara-paccupa.t.thaana) like a dream, and disappointing after one awakens from infatuation to reality.

　　(6) Borrowed goods on which the borrower foolishly prides himself in public; but which are withdrawn by the owners when they see the boastful man. Similarly, sense-desires are temporary (taavakaalika) and not a true and lasting possession of him who enjoys them, filled with vain glory.

　　(7) A fruit tree climbed by one who craves for the fruits; but another man, likewise greedy for them but unable to climb, chooses another method and fells the tree; and unless the first man quickly descends, he will break his limbs. Similarly, in the blind pursuit of sense pleasures one may "break all one”s limbs" (sabba"nga paccanga bhañjana), may suffer severe injury of body and mind. The Sub-Comy refers also to punishment and torture incurred by reckless deeds to which people are driven by sense infatuation.

　　(8) A slaughter house (or place of execution): because sense-desires are like a butcher”s (or executioner”s) block (adhiku.t.tana). This may mean that sense-desires kill much that is noble in man and cut off his higher development.

　　(9) A stake of swords: sense-desires are piercing (vinivijjhana) penetrating deep within, causing wounds where there had been none. Unfulfilled or frustrated desire, or the pains of jealousy, are, indeed, like that ancient torture of the state of swords.

　　(10) A snake”s head: sense-desires are a grave risk and peril (sasanka-sappa.tibhaya) for the present and future welfare, if one walks unwarily.

　　3.This first part of the Ari.t.tha episode occurs twice in the Vinaya Pitaka. In the Cuula Vagga (Kammakkhanda) it is followed by announcing the Sangha act of suspension (ukkhepaniya-kamma) against Ari.t.tha as he did not give up his wrong views. In the Paacittiya section of the Vinaya, Ari.t.tha”s refusal to renounce his wrong view is defined as the monastic offence called "paacittiya."

　　4....produced any spark (of understanding) in this teaching and discipline (usmiikato pi imasmi.m dhammavinaye). This is a stock phrase in similar contexts — e.g., in MN 38, where Saati”s misconceptions are rejected. Our rendering follows Comy: "This refers to one who has (not) produced the ”warmth of understanding” (ñaan”usmaa) that can bring the ”seed of wisdom” (paññaa-biijaa; Sub-Comy) to the maturity required for attaining to the paths and fruitions of sanctity."

　　5.Comy says that by questioning the other monks the Master wanted to clarify the opinion held by the community of monks; and, on the other hand, leave no doubt in Ari.t.tha that through obstinately clinging to his views, he had separated him…

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