..续本文上一页s suffering, results in suffering, it is due to those very failures (in living) that beings, after death, when the body breaks up, are reborn in a world of woe, in an unhappy destiny, a state of misery, in the hells.

　　"Just as a perfect throw of dice, when thrown upwards, will come to rest firmly wherever it falls, similarly beings will be reborn in states of woe... due to those tainted failures (in living) caused by unwholesome volition.

　　"I declare, monks, that actions (kamma) willed, performed and accumulated, will not become extinct as long as their results have not been experienced, be it in this life, in the next life or in future lives. And as long as these results of actions willed, performed and accumulated, have not been experienced, there will be no end to suffering, I declare.

　　"There are, monks, successes[93] (in living) caused by wholesome volition which are productive of happiness, resulting in happiness. They are threefold in bodily acts, fourfold in verbal acts and threefold in mental acts.

　　"How are these successes (in living) caused by wholesome volition... threefold in bodily acts

　　"There is a person who abstains from taking the life of living beings; he has put away cudgels and weapons; he has a moral conscience and is compassionate; full of sympathy for all living beings, he wishes for their welfare.

　　"He gives up sexual misconduct and abstains from it. He does not have intercourse with those under the protection of father, mother... nor, lastly, with those betrothed with a garland.

　　"In this way, success (in living)... is threefold in bodily acts.

　　"And how is success (in living)... fourfold in verbal acts

　　"There is a person who has given up lying and abstains from it. When he is in the council of his community or in another assembly, or among his relatives, his guild, before the royal family, or has been summoned , as a witness and is asked to tell what he knows, then, when knowing, he will say ”I know”; and when not knowing, he will say ”I do not know”; and when he has seen, he will say ”I have seen”; and when he has not seen, he will say ”I have not seen.” He will not utter any deliberate lie, be it for his own sake, for the sake of others, or for some material advantage.

　　"He has given up tale-bearing and abstains from it. What he has heard here, he will not report elsewhere, for causing friction there; and what he has heard elsewhere, he will not report here, for causing friction here. In that way he unites those who are pided, and encourages those who are in harmony. Concord gladdens him, he delights and rejoices in concord, and he utters words that foster concord.

　　"He has given up harsh speech and abstains from it. His words are gentle, pleasant to hear, endearing, heart-warming, courteous, agreeable to many folk, pleasing to many folk.

　　"He has given up vain talk and abstains from it. He speaks timely, in accordance with facts and profitably. He speaks of Dhamma and Discipline and talks in a way that is worth treasuring. His talk is opportune, helpful, moderate and meaningful.

　　"In this way, success (in living) is fourfold... in verbal acts.

　　"And how is success (in living)... threefold in mental acts

　　"Herein a person is free from covetousness; he does not covet the wealth and property of others, thinking: ”Oh, that what he owns might belong to me!”

　　"He has no ill-will in his heart. He has pure thoughts and intentions, such as these: ”May these beings be free from enmity, free from anxiety! May they be untroubled and live happily!”

　　"He has right views and correct ideas, such as these: ”There is (moral value in) gifts, offerings and sacrifice; there is fruit and recompense from deeds good or evil; there is both this world and another world; there are (duties towards) mother and father, there e…

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