..续本文上一页forms, sound, odours, tastes and tangible objects. But these represent only a part of the world, not the whole. What of ideas and thoughts
They are also a part of the world. But they cannot be sensed, they cannot be conceived by the faulty of the eye, ear, nose, tongue or body. Yet they can be conceived by another faculty, which is mind. Now ideas and thoughts are not independent of the world experienced by these five physical sense faculties. In fact they depend on, and are conditioned by, physical experiences. Hence a person born blind cannot have ideas of colour, except through the analogy of sounds or some other things experienced through his other faculties. Ideas and thoughts which form a part of the world are thus produced and conditioned by physical experiences and are conceived by the mind. Hence mind (manas) is considered a sense faculty or organ (indriya), like the eye or the ear.
在这里，对于佛教哲学中“意”之一字的涵义，似有略作解释的必要。“意”并不是与物质相对的精神，这一点务必要弄清楚。佛教不承认有与物质相对立的精神，像别的宗教与哲学体系中所承认者。这一点尤须牢记在心。“意”只不过是一个器官或官能，与眼耳一般。它像别的官能一样，可以予以控制及发展。佛就常常控制及锻炼六种官能的价值。眼的官能与“意”的官能之不同处，在于前者所感觉的是颜色及形态的世界，而后者所感觉的则是各种意象、思想等心灵活动的对象(心所有法)的世界。我们以不同感官，感受世间不同领域的事物。我们不能听见但是可以看得见颜色。我们也不能看见但是可以听见声音。以我们的五官——眼、耳、鼻、舌、身，我们只能经验有色、有声、有香、有味和可以捉摸的世界。但这些仅是世界的一部份而不是全体。意念和思想怎么样呢？它们也是世界的一部份，但是它们不能用眼、耳、鼻、舌、身等官能来察觉，只能用另一种官能——“意根”来体会。意念与思想，并不是与其它五种肉体官能所能经验到的世界无关。事实上，它们是建立于色身经验之上，而依之为移转的。因此，生来盲目的人，不可能有色彩的意念，仅能靠声音或其它感官所经验到的事物作譬，而得到某种程度的色的概念。所以，构成一部份世界的意念和思想，虽在意根内形成，它们却是由色身的经验所产生，而受其限制。因此，意根也被认为是一个感觉的器官或官能，和眼根、耳根一样。
The third is the Aggregate of Perceptions (Saňňākkhandha). Like sensations, perceptions also are of six kinds, in relation to six internal faculties and the corresponding six external objects. Like sensations, they are produced through the contact of our six faculties with the external world. It is the perceptions that recognize objects whether physical or mental. [12]
第三是识别组合之类——想蕴。 与受蕴一样，想蕴也有六种，与在内的六根和在外的六尘相关联。它们也和受蕴一样，是由六根与外境相接而生起的。它的功能就在认识与辨别各种身心活动的对象。﹝注十三﹞
The fourth is the Aggregate of Mental Formations [13] (Samkhārakkhandha). In this group are included all volitional activities both good and bad. What is generally known as karma (or kamma) comes under this group. The Buddha”s own definition of karma should be remembered here: ”O bhikkhus, it is volition (cetanā) that I call karma. Having willed, one acts through body, speech and mind. [14] Volition is ”mental construction, mental activity. Its function is to direct the mind in the sphere of good, bad or neutral activities.” [15] Just like sensations and perceptions, volition is of six kinds, connected with the six internal faculties and the corresponding six objects (both physical and mental) in the external world. [16] Sensations and perceptions are not volitional actions. They do not produce karmic effects. It is only volitional actions- such as attention (manasikāra), will (chanda), determination (adhimokkha), confidence (saddhā), concentrate (samādhi), wisdom (paňňā), energy (viriya), desire (rāga), repugnance or hate (patigha, Ignorance (avijjā), conceit (māna), idea of self (sakkāya-ditthi) etc. – that can produce karmic effects. There are 52 such mental activities which constitute the Aggregate of Mental Formations.
第四是心所组合之类——行蕴。﹝注十四﹞ 这一类包括了所有善的与恶的意志活动。一般所谓的“业”，也属于这一蕴。佛亲自为业所立的界说，应该牢记不忘：“比丘们啊！我叫作业的就是意志(思)。先有了决意，才经由身、口、意发为行动。”﹝注十五﹞思(Volition)就是“心的造作、心志的活动。它的功能，就是指挥心智以从事善、恶、无记等活动”。﹝注十六﹞和受、想二蕴一样，行蕴也有六种，内与六根、外与六尘相联接。﹝注十七﹞可是，受与想不是意志的活动，不能产生业果。只有意志的活动如作意、欲、胜解、信、定、慧、精进、贪、嗔、无明、慢、身见等，才能产生业果。在行蕴中，像这样的心志活动(心所有法)，共有五十二种。
The fifth is the Aggregate of Consciousness (Viňňānakkhandha). [17] Consciousness is a reaction or response which has one of the six faculties (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind) as its basis, and one of the six corresponding external phenomena (visible form, sound, odour, taste, tangible thin…
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