教他作，罪加三级

　　Telling Others to Do Something Increases the Severity of the Offense

　　无论在谁的面前忏悔，要把话说得清楚，不要说些模棱两可的话。

　　No matter in front of whom we are repenting, we must say our confession clearly.

　　Don”t be vague and vacillating.

　　昨天我曾很简单地对大家解说一段〈忏悔文〉，只是解释到「狎近恶友，违背良师」，现在，我继续把它说下去：

　　Yesterday I briefly explained part of the repentance text for everyone, but I only explained up to “being intimate with evil friends and turning away from good teachers.” Now I will continue to explain further:

　　「自作教他」我们知道无论杀、盗、淫、妄、酒，都是不正当的行为，而每种罪业，又分有因、缘、法、业四种，譬如说杀吧，杀有「杀因」、「杀缘」、「杀法」、「杀业」，无论哪一种，又都离不了「自作」或「教他作」。

　　“I have done these myself, told others to do them, and rejoiced at seeing and hearing them done.” We know that killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and taking intoxicants are improper ways to behave. Each of those offenses are pided into four aspects: causes, conditions, dharmas, and karma. For example, with killing there are the causes of killing, the conditions of killing, the dharmas of killing, and the karma of killing. In any of these aspects, one either personally commits the offense, or tells someone else to do it.

　　「自作」，就是不假手旁人，亲自去做不正当的事。「教他作」，就是鼓励和教唆别人去做不正当的事，这种间接犯罪的方法，比直接的还要罪加一等，因为它在已有的罪上还加上狡诈的罪行，所以「自作」固然有罪，而「教他作」的罪行更大。

　　“Doing them oneself” means that instead of putting it into someone else”s hands, one personally engages in the improper deed. "Telling others to do them" means encouraging and inciting others to do improper things. This way of indirectly committing an offense is more serious than directly committing it, because the offense of fraud is added to the original offense. Thus, if you do it yourself, it”s already an offense, but if you tell others to do it, the offense is even greater.

　　什么是「见闻随喜」呢？就是知道别人在犯罪，而帮助他去犯，这就是古人所说的「助纣为虐」，我们试闭目想想，从无始劫以来，我们究竟犯了多少次这样的罪？我想不用说得那么久远，就在我们短短的一生中，所犯的也就不可胜数了。

　　What is “rejoicing at seeing and hearing it done

　　” It means you know someone else is committing an offense, and you help him to do it. The ancients called this “aiding the wicked King Zhou to do evil,” that is, adding bad to worse. We should close our eyes and think about it: since eons without beginning, just how many times have we created these offenses

　　 We don”t even need to talk about such a distant time. In this short life alone, we have already made uncountable transgressions.

　　所以〈忏悔文〉接着又说：「如是等罪。无量无边。」我们的罪是算数之所不能及，也可以说是大到无有边际的。既然知道了自己罪深障重，那么，我们应该怎样做才对呢？不用说，自然应该在佛前至诚恳切地忏悔。

　　So the repentance continues, “All such offenses, limitless and boundless...” Our offenses are not only beyond reckoning, they are indeed vast beyond all bounds. Now that we realize how deep our offenses are and how serious our obstructions are, what should we do

　　 Without being told, you should naturally know to go repent sincerely before the Buddhas.

　　所以〈忏悔文〉又说：「故于今日。生大惭愧。克诚披露。求哀忏悔。」「克诚」二字，是忏悔的时候所必须具有的心。有些人对师父忏悔，非常地马虎，常常藏头露尾地把过错给遮掩，这表示他并没有诚意来忏悔自己的过失，像这样的忏悔，就算历尽百千万亿恒河沙劫，也不能把罪业消除干净的。

　　Thus the repentance text continues, “Therefore on this day, I bring forth great shame and remorse, confess sincerely, and seek to repent and reform.” In repentance, sincerity is essential. Some people are very casual about it when they repent to their teacher. They give only a partial account, covering up or glossing over their mistakes. This shows that they are not really sincere about repenting of their errors. If that”s how they repent, then even after as many eons as there are sands in a hundred million Ganges Rivers, the karma of their offenses will not be cancelled.

　　所谓「直心是道场」，我们无论在谁的面前忏悔，也要把话说得清楚，不要说一些个模棱两可的话。譬如，问他有没有犯过这种过失，他就说「不记得」，或者说「可能有」等等，这种不彻底的忏悔，不但不能消除罪业，反而会种下恶因，因为佛法是丝毫也不能马虎的。可是有些人也会说：「某某人做了哪些恶业，可是现在却飞黄腾达，是不是没有因果，没有公理？」有一首偈颂这样说：

　　纵使百千劫，所作业不亡；

　　因缘会遇时，果报还自受。

　　It”s said, “The straight mind is the Way-place.” No matter in front of whom we are repenting, we must say our c…

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