..续本文上一页uding men and women who have undertaken the eight or ten precepts, are obliged to observe celibacy. They must abstain not only from sexual misconduct, but from all sexual involvements, at least during the period of their vows. The holy life at its highest aims at complete purity in thought, word, and deed, and this requires turning back the tide of sexual desire.
受戒的比库、比库尼，以及发愿守八戒或十戒的男性与女性，都有义务保持独身。他们不只要远离邪淫，还要远离所有牵涉到性的事物，至少在他们发愿期间必须如此。神圣修行生活的最高目标在净化思想、语言、文字和行为，而这须要对性的欲望之潮的退却。
Right Livelihood (samma ajiva)
正命
Right livelihood is concerned with ensuring that one earns one”s living in a righteous way. For a lay disciple the Buddha teaches that wealth should be gained in accordance with certain standards. One should acquire it only by legal means, not illegally; one should acquire it peacefully, without coercion or violence; one should acquire it honestly, not by trickery or deceit; and one should acquire it in ways which do not entail harm and suffering for others.34 The Buddha mentions five specific kinds of livelihood which bring harm to others and are therefore to be avoided: dealing in weapons, in living beings (including raising animals for slaughter as well as slave trade and prostitution), in meat production and butchery, in poisons, and in intoxicants (AN 5:177). He further names several dishonest means of gaining wealth which fall under wrong livelihood: practicing deceit, treachery, soothsaying, trickery, and usury (MN 117). Obviously any occupation that requires violation of right speech and right action is a wrong form of livelihood, but other occupations, such as selling weapons or intoxicants, may not violate those factors and yet be wrong because of their consequences for others.
正命，是为了确保一个人以正当的方式维持生活所需。佛陀教导在家众们：财富的获取必须符合某种标准。这些标准包括：要以合法而不以非法的方式取得财富；要用和平而非胁迫或暴力的方式来获得它；要用诚实的方式获得它，不可诈欺或欺骗；还有获得它的方式，不可造成他人的伤害与痛苦。佛陀指出了五种会造成他人伤害，因此应该加以避免的职业：贩售刀械武器、买卖众生(包括饲养动物以供宰杀、奴隶交易以及卖人为淫)、从事肉类加工或屠宰、制造毒品及麻醉品(《增支部》 5：177)。此外，佛陀还指出了五种不诚实而获得财富的行为，因此也不符合「正命」的规范：欺骗、背信、预言、诈欺以及高利贷。由此看来，很明显地，任何违反正语及正业的职业，都不会是正命。而诸如：贩售武器或麻醉品等职业，也不会是正命。因为这些行为的结果，会伤害到其他众生，所以是错的。
The Thai treatise discusses the positive aspects of right livelihood under the three convenient headings of rightness regarding actions, rightness regarding persons, and rightness regarding objects.35 “Rightness regarding actions” means that workers should fulfill their duties diligently and conscientiously, not idling away time, claiming to have worked longer hours than they did, or pocketing the company”s goods. “Rightness regarding persons” means that due respect and consideration should be shown to employers, employees, colleagues, and customers. An employer, for example, should assign his workers chores according to their ability, pay them adequately, promote them when they deserve a promotion and give them occasional vacations and bonuses. Colleagues should try to cooperate rather than compete, while merchants should be equitable in their dealings with customers. “Rightness regarding objects” means that in business transactions and sales the articles to be sold should be presented truthfully. There should be no deceptive advertising, misrepresentations of quality or quantity, or dishonest manoeuvers.
泰国论典，以三个容易记的标题，讨论了正命的积极面向：「事」的正当性、「人」的正当性、「物」的正当性。「事的正当」指的是：员工应该热诚而有良心地尽好自己的本分，不浪费时间，不多报工时，也不取走公司的财物。「人的正当」指的是：应该给予雇主、员工、同事及顾客应得的尊重与体谅。例如：雇主应该根据员工的能力，而给予任务，给他们应得的薪水，该升迁的时候让他们升迁，并给予他们假期与奖金。同事之间应该合作而非竞争。商人也应该公平地对待顾客。「物的正当」指的是：在商业交易中，要卖的货品应该被诚实地呈现，不应作不实广告，夸大品质及份量，也不应作不实的宣传。
《八圣道之正语正业正命 Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood》全文阅读结束。