..续本文上一页he cessation of suffering.
(c) Sublime Right knowledge. That is wisdom or penetration which can be obtained by meditation.
(2) Right Thoughts. That is to give up all thoughts of greed, hatred and ignorance, for these lead us to increase sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and despair.
(3) Right speech -- That is to say, abstaining from lying, talebearing, harsh language and vain talk.
(4) Right action -- That is abstinence from killing, stealing, misconduct in speech and sex relationship and also abstinence from drinking intoxicating beverage.
(5) Right occupation or livelihood -- That means (a) not to be a butcher, hunter, fisherman, soldier, executioner, fortune--teller and astrologer (b) not to fabric and sell arms, poison and intoxicating drinks. In other words, we must take up a right occupation so that we will not cause suffering to any living being and earn a livelihood by right and honest means.
(6) Right Effort -- This is fourfold, namely;
(a) overcoming evil and demeritorious states of mind that have already arisen, as though one strove to destroy a poisonous snake;
(b) avoiding the arising of evil and demeritorious states of mind that have not yet arisen, as though one strove to prevent the epidemic disease;
(c) maintaining meritorious states of mind that have already arisen, as though one sprayed one”s fruit trees.
(d) Developing meritorious states of mind that have not yet arisen, as though one sowed good seeds.
(7)Right attentiveness -- There is fourfold, namely,
(a) contemplation of body as impure,
(b) contemplation of sensation as sorrowful,
(c) contemplation of various states of mind as impermanent,
(d) contemplation of phenomena as not self.
(8) Right concentration -- The one and only object of concentration of mind is stillness which leads to clear, deep, true vision. Confucius has pointed out, in the "Great learning" that "contemplation can be attained when we concentrate. Stillness comes after the concentration of the mind. To that stillness, there may be a tranquil repose. In that repose, we can consider things thoughtfully. Success will certainly he attained when we consider things thoughtfully."
That is all the fundamental parts of the whole Buddha”s doctrine.
Annotation 9
There are six fundamental evils of worries, ten minor ones, two major ones and eight chief ones. Altogether there are twenty six subsidiary evils of worries. Let us now first enumerate the six fundamental evils, such as: lust, hatred, ignorance, pride, doubt and erroneous views. They are fundamental ones, because they are as the roots of trees.
Secondly, ten minor evils of worries are: 1) anger, 2) enmity 3) vexation 4) hypocrisy 5) dishonesty 6) deceit 7) arrogance 8) harmfulness 9) envy 10) selfishness. They are called the minor ones, because they always take place inpidually or separately and are obvious and flagrant.
Thirdly, two major evils of worries are: a) shamelessness b) impudence. They are called major ones, because they have greater influence than the minor ones mentioned above.
Fourthly, eight chief evils of worries are (1)lack of faith (2)idleness (3)carelessness (4)indolence (5)recklessness (6)forgetfulness (7)wrong judgement (8)confusion. They are called chief ones, because they are not only the sources of demerit, but also a state of mind which is neither meritorious nor demeritorious.
Annotation 10
The four devils are: 1) devil from the five aggregates of form, feeling, perception, tendencies and consciousness 2) devil of death 3) devil of suffering 4) devil of the Samsara world, or the round of existences.
Annotation 11
Pondering on the origin of birth and death, our great Master Gotama Buddha recognized that ignorance was the root of all evil. Consequently, He particularly insisted upon those who practi…
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