p. 53

　　CHAPTER XV.

　　HAPPINESS.

　　 197. Let us live happily then, not hating those who hate us! among men who hate us let us dwell free from hatred!

　　 198. Let us live happily then, free from ailments among the ailing! among men who are ailing let us dwell free from ailments!

　　 199. Let us live happily then, free from greed among the greedy! among men who are greedy let us dwell free from greed!

　　 200. Let us live happily then, though we call nothing our own! We shall be like the bright gods, feeding on happiness!

　　 201. Victory breeds hatred, for the conquered is unhappy. He who has given up both victory and defeat, he, the contented, is happy.

　　[198. The ailment here meant is moral rather than physical. Cf. Mahâbh. XII, 9924, samprasânto nirâmayah; 9925, yo ”sau prânântiko rogas tâm trishnâm tyagatah sukham.

　　200. The words placed in the mouth of the king of Videha, while his residence Mithilâ was in flames, are curiously like our verse; cf. Mahâbh. XII, 9917,

　　 Susukham vata gîvâmi yasya me nâsti kiñkana,

　　 Mithilâyâm pradîptâyâm na me dahyati kiñkana.

　　”I live happily, indeed, for I have nothing; while Mithilâ is in flames, nothing of mine is burning.” Cf. Muir, Religious sentiments, p. 106.

　　The âbhassara, i.e. âbhâsvara, ”the bright gods,” are frequently mentioned. Cf. Burnouf, Introd. p. 611.

　　201. This verse is ascribed to Buddha, when he heard of the defeat of Agâtasatru by Prasenagit. It exists in the Northern or Sanskrit and in the Southern or Pâli texts, i.e. in the Avadâna-sataka, in the Samyutta-nikâya. See Feer, Comptes Rendus, 1871, p. 44. and Journal As. 1880, p. 509. In the Avadâna-sataka, the Sanskrit version is--

　　 Gayo vairam prasavati, duhkham sete parâgitah

　　 Upasântah sukham sete hitvâ gayaparâgayam.]

　　p. 54

　　 202. There is no fire like passion; there is no losing throw like hatred; there is no pain like this body; there is no happiness higher than rest.

　　 203. Hunger is the worst of diseases, the body the greatest of pains; if one knows this truly, that is Nirvâna, the highest happiness.

　　[202. I take kali in the sense of an unlucky die which makes a player lose his game. A real simile seems wanted here, as in verse 251, where, for the same reason, I translate graha by ”shark,” not by ”captivitas,” as Dr. Fausböll proposes. The same scholar translates kali in our verse by ”peccatum.” If there is any objection to translating kali in Pâli by ”unlucky die,” I should still prefer to take it in the sense of the age of depravity, or the demon of depravity. To judge from Abhidhânappadîpikâ, 1106, kali was used for parâgaya, i.e. loss at game, a losing throw, and occurs in that sense again in verse 252. The Chinese translation has, ”there is no distress (poison) worse than hate.” A similar verse occurs Mahâbh. Sântip. 175, v. 35.

　　”Body” for khandha is a free translation, but it is difficult to find any other rendering. The Chinese translation also has ”body.” According to the Buddhists each sentient being consists of five khandhas (skandha), or aggregates, the organized body (rûpakhandha) with its four internal capacities of sensation (vedanâ), perception (sañgñâ), conception (samskâra), knowledge (vigñâna). See Burnouf, Introd. pp. 589, 634; Lotus, p. 335.

　　203. Samskâra is the fourth of the five khandhas, but the commentator takes it here, as well as in verse 255, for the five khandhas together, in which case we can only translate it by ”body.” See also verse 278. Childers proposes ”org…

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